EP0041499A1 - Système pour l'allumage instantané et le fonctionnement de longue durée de lampes à décharge - Google Patents

Système pour l'allumage instantané et le fonctionnement de longue durée de lampes à décharge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0041499A1
EP0041499A1 EP19810890092 EP81890092A EP0041499A1 EP 0041499 A1 EP0041499 A1 EP 0041499A1 EP 19810890092 EP19810890092 EP 19810890092 EP 81890092 A EP81890092 A EP 81890092A EP 0041499 A1 EP0041499 A1 EP 0041499A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
winding
discharge
lamp
ignition
current limiting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19810890092
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0041499B1 (fr
Inventor
Johann Buser
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CH420480A external-priority patent/CH635968A5/de
Priority claimed from DE19803045971 external-priority patent/DE3045971A1/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT81890092T priority Critical patent/ATE7982T1/de
Priority to AU77369/81A priority patent/AU541339B2/en
Priority to HU337081A priority patent/HU185154B/hu
Priority to ES507173A priority patent/ES507173A0/es
Publication of EP0041499A1 publication Critical patent/EP0041499A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0041499B1 publication Critical patent/EP0041499B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/02—Details
    • H05B41/04—Starting switches

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for igniting low, medium and high-pressure discharge lamps, in particular fluorescent lamps, by means of an ignition voltage which is higher than the operating voltage (220V).
  • the electrodes In the fluorescent lamps commonly used today, the electrodes must first be heated. The ignition of the lamps is only initiated after the electrodes have heated up. In most cases, an ignition voltage that is greater than the operating voltage and is often generated by induction is applied to the electrodes for ignition.
  • the present invention is based on the object of providing a device of the type mentioned at the outset which, in a simple manner, enables discharge lamps to be ignited without delay and without delay. It is proposed according to the invention that an ignition device is provided for briefly applying an ignition voltage which causes an immediate arc discharge to the lamp electrodes when the discharge lamp or the discharge lamps are switched on to the supply voltage, which is preferably in the low voltage range.
  • the lamp electrodes with discharge or emission peaks. If one bends these discharge or emission peaks in a tulip-like manner in their longitudinal axis and recovers them tapering in a circular direction in the axial direction, these tulip tips are quickly heated up without significant arc degradation and an avalanche-like electron formation takes place, the overvoltage range to the normal voltage being bridged without a doubt.
  • the ignition gas pressure can be increased so high compared to the previous arrangements that ideal ignition conditions, light compositions and an ideal yield are achieved.
  • the discharge lamp according to the present invention can be ignited by simple means. Special ignition devices that have a very special ignition voltage, e.g. generate a high frequency high voltage are not required. In a preferred embodiment of the solution according to the invention, the ignition voltage is generated by simply transforming the supply voltage.
  • the stray field-saving converter required for this purpose is briefly formed using the current limiting winding, which is necessary anyway, in that a starter winding is connected to this current limiting winding. Another possibility is that for the ignition process, apart from a tap on the current limiting winding and the corresponding connections, only one switching element is provided, which in the simplest case has to connect this tap to a connection of the power source for a short time when the lamp is switched on. An additional starter winding can then be dispensed with.
  • cup-shaped metal part can be filled with sinterable material, such as tungsten powder, rare earth oxides and oxides with low electrical conductivity, which are pressed under high pressure and sintered after pressing.
  • the edge of the cup-shaped metal part is designed in such a way that the cup takes the form of a tulip and the individual tips are suitable for emitting enough electrons at the slightest discharge pulse in order to easily make the transition from the high-pressure discharge current to the mains voltage current and to bring about heat conduction which has the property of quickly bringing the arc to normal operating temperature.
  • the pre-activated substances preferentially support the ignition process in order to prevent wear.
  • the ignitability of each electrode depends on whether the electrode has easily heatable points. This is achieved in the present case by giving the edge of the metal part the shape of leaves, such as the shape of petals, tulips, daisies and the like. In this way, electrodes of a previously unknown construction are obtained, which ensure a cold starter ignition.
  • the cups e.g. made separately from thorium-containing material and used to keep the first electron impact so low that it practically does not allow material build-up.
  • the aim of the ignition process is to ensure that the lowest overvoltage is sufficient to ensure the change from high voltage to mains voltage without material degradation.
  • an ignition time of a few alternating current periods is aimed for, whether with a manually operated switch or with an automatic system that is somehow limited for a short time, e.g. with an electronic switching element that even regulates the time period within the instant of ignition, e.g. predetermined intercept electronics. It has also proven to be extremely favorable if the switching point is placed in the zero crossing of the AC periods.
  • 1 denotes a discharge lamp which has a gas-filled discharge vessel 2, in the interior of which a negative pressure prevails.
  • two electrodes 3 and 4 are arranged in the interior of the discharge vessel 2 and are preferably preactivated in a manner known per se.
  • the discharge lamp 1 can be of any design per se, but in the present exemplary embodiment is a fluorescent lamp.
  • Electrode 3 is connected to the center p unktleiter 0 of the feed network.
  • the other electrode 4 is connected to one end of the current limiting winding 6 of a current limiting element 5. 7 with the iron core of the current limiting element 5 is designated.
  • This current limiting element 5, which is connected in series with the discharge lamp 1, is used in a known manner to limit the current when the lamp 1 is ignited in order to operate the discharge lamp 1 stably.
  • the other end of the current limiting winding 6 is connected to the phase conductor Ph of the feed network via a main switch 8, which is only shown schematically.
  • the supply or mains voltage U between the two connections 0 and Ph of the supply network is 220 volts in the present exemplary embodiment.
  • the ratio of the number of turns of the windings 6 and 9 is selected so that the ignition voltage applied to the electrodes 3, 4 is at least twice as large as the supply voltage U.
  • switching element 10 is preferably opened again within 10 periods of supply voltage U, in order, as already mentioned, to disconnect starter winding 9.
  • FIG. 1 A design of the ignition device according to FIG. 1 will now be described with reference to FIG. The same reference numerals are used for corresponding elements.
  • spiral electrodes are used, as is shown with the aid of the electrode 3.
  • the starter winding 9 superimposed on the current limiting winding 6 has a zigzag shape; this gives a high absolute resistance.
  • the starter winding 9 can consist of thin wire or stamped thin sheet metal.
  • the main switch 8 and the switching element 10 are combined in this embodiment to form a switching unit 11 of mechanical design.
  • the main switch 8 has a Z-shaped contact knife (wiping contact) 12 which can be rotated from the switch-off to the switch-on position by means of a rotatable actuating member 13.
  • the ' contact knife 12 interacts with two contacts 14, 15 (FIGS. 3 and 4), of which one contact 14 is connected to the phase conductor Ph.
  • one end of the current limiting winding 6 and a contact spring 16 are connected, which together with a contact spring 17, which is connected to one end of the starter winding 9, forms the switching element 10.
  • Both contact springs 16, 17 are provided with contacts 18 and rest on fixed supports 34.
  • An actuating shaft of rectangular or square cross-section connected to the actuating member 13 runs between the two contact springs 16, 17.
  • FIG. 5 Another exemplary embodiment in which the switching element 10 is of electronic design will now be explained with reference to FIG. 5.
  • the switching element 10 is not arranged between the phase conductor Ph and the starter winding 9.
  • the two ends of the coiled electrodes 3, 4 are connected to one another.
  • a two-way rectifier 20 is connected in a bridge circuit between one end of the starter winding 9 and the connection 0.
  • a thyristor 21 is connected to the rectifier bridge 20.
  • the positive connection of the rectifier 20 and the anode A of the thyristor 21 are connected to a capacitor 24 via a diode 22 and a resistor 23.
  • a resistor 25 is connected in parallel with this capacitor 24.
  • the control electrode (gate) G of the thyristor 21 is connected to the capacitor 24 via a zener diode 26.
  • Two resistors 27 and 28 are connected to the cathode K and the negative connection of the rectifier 21, each of which is connected to one of the electrode connections of the Zener diode 26.
  • the time until the capacitor 24 is charged to the above-mentioned threshold value thus determines the on-time of the starter winding 9. Since the size of this value, as mentioned, depends, among other things, on the size of the supply voltage U, the on-time of the starter winding 9 changes with the supply voltage U. With the circuit described, however, it is ensured that the rated duration of the starter winding 9 is at most 10 periods of the supply voltage U at rated supply voltage. However, this dependence of the switch-on time of the starter winding 9 on the mains voltage U can be eliminated by a corresponding additional expenditure in terms of circuitry. In contrast to the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 is in the The switching element 10 is independent of the main switch 8 and can therefore be arranged spatially separated from it. This allows the switching element 10 to be accommodated in the lamp fitting, preferably adjacent to the current limiting element 5. It is thus readily possible to switch a plurality of lamps 1 on and off using a main switch 8 in the manner described.
  • the electronic switching element 10 according to FIG. 5 can of course also be designed differently than shown.
  • another electronic switching element e.g. another controlled rectifier element can be provided, which switches on the starter winding 9 by means of a corresponding control and switches it off again after a certain time.
  • the switching element 10 can also be of a suitable electromechanical type and can be formed, for example, by a relay circuit.
  • a relay circuit also has the advantage that it can be spatially separated from the main switch 8.
  • lamps 1 with coiled electrodes 3, 4 can also be safely ignited in this way.
  • the preheating of the electrodes is preferably used to ignite the discharge, but there are many shortcomings here that have mostly been neglected.
  • the main disadvantage lies in the large time between electrode heating and electron emission, in which the discharge lamp is ignited.
  • Another disadvantage of preheating is that the corresponding circuit is arranged as a shunt, so that after the shunt is switched off circuit, the two double-sided current feedthroughs necessary for heating the electrodes through the squeeze foot of the discharge vessel or when switching to stationary operation, the electrodes are only fed on one side.
  • the arc After ignition, the arc then takes the shortest path, ie the path of least resistance, to the points where the electrodes are supplied with current, where the heating coils come into contact with the feed network when the current is passed through. These areas are then overheated.
  • the arc approach then removes the emission layer there, so that the lamp life is impaired by overloading. Hence the annoying electrode flickering in the operation of the discharge lamps.
  • This disadvantage can now be eliminated by short-circuiting the two power supply conductors (feeds to the heating coils of the electrodes), either during a cold start by direct overheating of the arc or by a corresponding short-circuit connection of the power supplies to the preheating cathodes.
  • the electrode designated 29 has a metal cup 30 which is provided with discharge or emission peaks 31 on its edge.
  • the connections 32 are fastened to the bottom of the metal cup 30.
  • a filling 33 which consists of an electron-emitting material, preferably rare earth metal oxides.
  • the discharge tips 31 are outward in their longitudinal direction curved, as is shown in FIG. 6 with the aid of the discharge tip 31 ′ shown in broken lines.
  • the discharge tips 31 are not directed parallel to one another, but diverge like tulips.
  • the arc is attached in a circle to the tube wall, i.e. runs perpendicular to the lamp axis.
  • the electrode crown lies transversely to the central axis, ignites and achieves low-degradation wear in the stationary operating state.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 show further embodiments of the present invention and a possibility of reducing the circuit complexity for forming the current limiting element that generates the ignition voltage.
  • the circuits correspond essentially to those of Fig. 1, but here the current limiting winding 6 is provided with a tap T, by which the current limiting winding 6 is divided into two winding parts 6a and 6b.
  • This tap T makes it possible, in a manner to be described, from the current limiting winding 6 to form a converter in an economy circuit.
  • the tap T is connected to the mains connection 0 via the switching element 10.
  • the tap T can be connected to the phase conductor Ph via a switching contact 10a of a switching element 10, whereas the end of the winding part 6a via a changeover contact 10b which also forms part of the switching element 10 either to the one mains connection 0 or to the other network connection Ph can be connected.
  • FIG. 8 works in a similar manner, however, when the main switch 8 is closed, the switch contact 10a is also closed and the changeover contact 10b is brought into the position shown.
  • the winding part 6a is connected to the two network connections 0 and Ph.
  • a voltage will be induced, and by the S p arschal t un g. of the current limiting winding 6 generated secondary voltage, which is higher than the supply voltage U, is applied as an ignition voltage to the electrodes 3 and 4.
  • an ignition voltage is generated by appropriate selection of the number of turns of the winding parts 6a and 6b, which is sufficient to cause an immediate arc discharge between the electrodes 3 and 4.
  • the switching element 10 is actuated again after a short time, ie the switching contact 10a is opened and the changeover contact 10b is switched over to the dashed position.
  • the circuit of the current limiting winding 6 as an autotransformer is canceled and the current limiting winding 6 is connected in series with the discharge lamp 1.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 8 has the advantage over that of FIG. 8 that the switching element 10 can be made simpler.
  • the switching elements 10 can be of mechanical, electromechanical or electronic type. 7 and 8, the switching elements 10 can be designed in accordance with FIGS. 2 and 5.
  • the electrode 29 also has a metal cup 30 here, which is provided with discharge or emission tips 31 at its edge.
  • a cover 34 is provided which prevents the powder material forming the filling 33 from escaping.
  • small openings 36 which are aligned with the discharge path. This means that the electron current is filtered like through a sieve and the arc can emerge like a soft water jet.
  • the invention allows a cold start with spiral electrodes, which has not been the case up to now.
  • the inventive measures increase the service life of the electrodes extremely, the reasons being that no direct impact of ions and electrons occurs on the emission substances, since the first impact on the easily and immediately heatable emission tips of the metal cup, which is preferably made of molybdenum exists, takes place. There is also no overheating and no degradation at individual points on the helix electrodes, since the number of electrons is determined by the need and not by a preheating system which can only be adapted inaccurately. Because the front of the electrode runs transversely to the lamp axis, there is no preference given to certain points originating from production. Finally, the heat conduction of the electrodes produced according to the invention is ideal, so that the first ignition voltage surge immediately prepares the continuous operating state.

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  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
EP19810890092 1980-05-30 1981-05-29 Système pour l'allumage instantané et le fonctionnement de longue durée de lampes à décharge Expired EP0041499B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81890092T ATE7982T1 (de) 1980-05-30 1981-05-29 System zur sofortzuendung und zum langlebigen betrieb von entladungslampen.
AU77369/81A AU541339B2 (en) 1980-11-18 1981-11-11 System for the ignition of discharge lamps
HU337081A HU185154B (en) 1980-11-18 1981-11-11 Arrangement for firing of discharge lamp
ES507173A ES507173A0 (es) 1980-11-18 1981-11-16 Perfeccionamientos en los sistemas para el encendido de lam paras de descarga.

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH4204/80 1980-05-30
CH420480A CH635968A5 (en) 1980-05-30 1980-05-30 Method and circuit arrangement for immediate starting of a discharge lamp
DE19803043526 DE3043526A1 (de) 1980-05-30 1980-11-18 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum zuenden von niederdruck-entladungslampen, vorzugsweise leuchtstofflampen
DE3043526 1980-11-18
DE19803045971 DE3045971A1 (de) 1980-12-05 1980-12-05 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum zuenden von niederdruck-entladungslampen, vorzugsweise leuchtstofflampen
DE3045971 1980-12-05

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0041499A1 true EP0041499A1 (fr) 1981-12-09
EP0041499B1 EP0041499B1 (fr) 1984-06-13

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EP19810890092 Expired EP0041499B1 (fr) 1980-05-30 1981-05-29 Système pour l'allumage instantané et le fonctionnement de longue durée de lampes à décharge

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1983002526A1 (fr) * 1982-01-15 1983-07-21 Johann Buser Production de lumiere issue d'un tube fluorescent avec diminution de l'eblouissement
WO1983004140A1 (fr) * 1982-05-13 1983-11-24 Johann Buser Procede de mise en action de lampes triphasees

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH144136A (fr) * 1928-10-06 1930-12-15 Capello Lamberto Tube luminescent.
AT183479B (de) * 1953-03-07 1955-10-10 Joseph Carl Dr Pole Elektrode für Entladungsröhren
DE1914211A1 (de) * 1968-04-04 1969-10-23 Knobel Dubs Fritz Starterlose Schaltungsanordnung fuer den Betrieb einer oder mehrerer Niederspannungs-Fluoreszenzlampen
DE2060473A1 (de) * 1970-12-09 1972-06-15 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Schaltungsanordnung zum Zuenden und zum Betrieb von elektrischen Entladungslampen,insbesondere Dampfentladungslampen
DE2060474A1 (de) * 1970-12-09 1972-06-15 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Zuendgeraet fuer eine mit Vorschaltgeraet betriebene Entladungslampe
US3699385A (en) * 1970-12-30 1972-10-17 Sylvania Electric Prod Control circuit for starting, sustaining and operating arc lamps
CH561498A5 (fr) * 1973-02-16 1975-04-30 Leuenberger H
US4184103A (en) * 1978-05-04 1980-01-15 Universal Manufacturing Corporation Gas discharge lamp ballast with equally spaced windings
AT358134B (de) * 1976-04-08 1980-08-25 Egyesuelt Izzolampa Schaltungsanordnung zum betrieb von gasent- ladungslampen

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH144136A (fr) * 1928-10-06 1930-12-15 Capello Lamberto Tube luminescent.
AT183479B (de) * 1953-03-07 1955-10-10 Joseph Carl Dr Pole Elektrode für Entladungsröhren
DE1914211A1 (de) * 1968-04-04 1969-10-23 Knobel Dubs Fritz Starterlose Schaltungsanordnung fuer den Betrieb einer oder mehrerer Niederspannungs-Fluoreszenzlampen
DE2060473A1 (de) * 1970-12-09 1972-06-15 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Schaltungsanordnung zum Zuenden und zum Betrieb von elektrischen Entladungslampen,insbesondere Dampfentladungslampen
DE2060474A1 (de) * 1970-12-09 1972-06-15 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Zuendgeraet fuer eine mit Vorschaltgeraet betriebene Entladungslampe
US3699385A (en) * 1970-12-30 1972-10-17 Sylvania Electric Prod Control circuit for starting, sustaining and operating arc lamps
CH561498A5 (fr) * 1973-02-16 1975-04-30 Leuenberger H
AT358134B (de) * 1976-04-08 1980-08-25 Egyesuelt Izzolampa Schaltungsanordnung zum betrieb von gasent- ladungslampen
US4184103A (en) * 1978-05-04 1980-01-15 Universal Manufacturing Corporation Gas discharge lamp ballast with equally spaced windings

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1983002526A1 (fr) * 1982-01-15 1983-07-21 Johann Buser Production de lumiere issue d'un tube fluorescent avec diminution de l'eblouissement
WO1983004140A1 (fr) * 1982-05-13 1983-11-24 Johann Buser Procede de mise en action de lampes triphasees

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0041499B1 (fr) 1984-06-13

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