EP0044817A2 - Bohrkrone - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0044817A2
EP0044817A2 EP81810301A EP81810301A EP0044817A2 EP 0044817 A2 EP0044817 A2 EP 0044817A2 EP 81810301 A EP81810301 A EP 81810301A EP 81810301 A EP81810301 A EP 81810301A EP 0044817 A2 EP0044817 A2 EP 0044817A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drill bit
bit according
particles
abrasive
tool
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP81810301A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0044817A3 (de
Inventor
René Treyvaud
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0044817A2 publication Critical patent/EP0044817A2/de
Publication of EP0044817A3 publication Critical patent/EP0044817A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
    • E21B10/50—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of roller type
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/08—Roller bits
    • E21B10/083—Roller bits with longitudinal axis, e.g. wobbling or nutating roller bit
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/26—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers

Definitions

  • drill bits are widely used today, particularly in petroleum research, as well as for certain drilling intended for civil engineering works.
  • the best type of drill bit in hard soil is the so-called "tricone bit” or “rotary” bit whose body carries three knobs of oblique and competing axes, these rotary elements being conical or frustoconical in shape and provided with projecting teeth .
  • the lateral surface of the rollers rolls on the surface of the bottom of the hole and the teeth exert a hammering action which breaks up the soil.
  • these drill bits must be subjected to a heavy load and turn quickly.
  • Their main disadvantage is that the wear on the bearings is rapid, which leads to frequent tool changes.
  • One-piece drill bits are also known, the head of which is coated with an abrasive coating.
  • the center of the drill bit is the main problem. Indeed, if it is full, there is no relative movement between its surface and the center of the hole, but a simple pivoting practically without wear. To obtain a certain penetration, it is then necessary to increase the load on the tool until the center the hole gives way by crushing. This can be achieved by creating very sharp drill bits that require little pressure, but the disadvantage of which is fragility.
  • Another technique is to give a concave shape to the drill bit.
  • the edges of the hole are destroyed and a small conical boss is formed inside the drill bit.
  • This cone is also worn by the internal abrasive surface of the drill bit and its tip offers only weak resistance. It therefore wears down fairly easily, but tends to break.
  • the broken boss is rotated by the internal face of the tool and rotates on the bottom of the hole, constituting a stop and preventing the penetration of the tool until it is completely worn.
  • US Patents 2,013,839 and 4,203,496 describe drill bits whose body ends in an oblique cylindrical journal on which is mounted a rotary tool which can rotate freely around said oblique axis.
  • the external surface of this working tool comprises teeth which have come in one piece with the tool itself. The working edges of the teeth are oriented along meridian lines of the tool and the profile which they define is partially conical and partially spherical.
  • the tool described in patent 4,203,496 carries on its outer surface inserts made of hard metal provided with cutting edges which are oriented at 90 ° from one another from one meridian row to the other.
  • the tool further comprises a frustoconical shoulder provided with a row of diamond cutting elements protected by a frustoconical widening of the upper part of the tool.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve the performance of known drill bits by using a working tool whose active surface works by abrasion, that is to say comprises projecting elements which may be irregular, but which have the property of being extremely hard and, consequently, of removing the ground to be drilled by scraping and rubbing.
  • the present invention relates to a drill bit for drilling comprising a drill bit body rotated about its central axis and a working tool which is mounted on the drill bit body so as to pivot freely around an axis different from said central axis and which has an active surface ensuring the advancement of the borehole, characterized in that said active surface is a spherical surface whose center is a point of intersection between said oblique axis and said central axis and in this that abrasive elements are distributed over the entire said surface.
  • the drill bit shown partially in the drawing comprises a body 2, the upper part 2a of which serves for its connection to the lower end of a drill string. The latter is introduced into hole 1 to be drilled.
  • the lower part of the body 2 of the drill bit has a housing 3 inside which protrudes a boss 4 of cylindrical shape whose end face 5 is planar and whose axis is inclined at 45 ° radially with respect to the axis of the body 2, which coincides with the axis of the drill string and, consequently, of the hole 1.
  • the boss 4 has a threaded hole 15 and serves as a base for a shaft 6 which has at one end a threaded element 6a engaged in the hole 15.
  • the shaft 6 has a second threaded element 6b on which a nut 7 is screwed to reach 8.
  • the shaft 6 also has beyond the flange 6c which extends to the base of the threaded element 6 has a bearing surface 9 of the same diameter as the bearing surface 8 of the nut 7.
  • these bearing surfaces are arranged so as to constitute raceways which receive rows of balls 10 intended to ensure the pivoting of a rotary working tool 11 which constitutes the active element of the drill bit.
  • the tool 11 is a piece of metal of spherical shape pierced with a diametrical passage dimensioned so as to be able to be engaged on the two rows of balls 10 and to be able to rotate freely around the shaft axis 6.
  • a cover 12 has also been shown which can be fixed to the end of the diametrical passage of the spherical element 11, in order to increase the abrasive surface.
  • the spherical outer surfaces of the cover 12 and of the element 11 will be lined with particles of hard metal or ceramic or, where appropriate, of diamond, in order to present abrasion qualities as high as possible.
  • the lining of metallic elements intended to work on abrasion with particles of metal or other hard materials is a well known technique.
  • the drill bit described here has a channel for supplying mud.
  • This channel comprises a part 13 coaxial with the drill bit body 2, then an oblique segment 14 which opens into the bottom of the threaded hole 15, in which the shaft 6 is screwed.
  • This shaft is itself pierced with an axial bore 16 which passes right through it, so that the mud can open out under the cover 12 itself pierced with a central hole 17.
  • the central cylindrical part of the body 2 will be limited in diameter in order to provide an annular space sufficient for the ascent of the drilling mud entraining the particles of ground eliminated by abrasion.
  • the rotary element 11 could have a shape different from that shown in the drawing. Indeed, while the external surface of the working tool 11 is a convex spherical surface, one could also make the working tool so that its active surface is a portion of concave spherical surface or even at the limit, a portion of flat surface rotating around an axis parallel to that of the drill bit body.
  • the abrasive surface of the rotary element is compatible with the surface of the bottom of the hole.
  • the abrasive surface of the working tool must be a surface of revolution common at the same time to the axis of the drill bit body and to the axis of the rotary tool.
  • the shape of the abrasive surfaces meeting this definition will therefore be essentially of the flat, spherical convex or spherical concave type.
  • the drill bit body 2 may be made of steel or of cast steel, while the metal of the element 11 will preferably be a steel of suitable composition.
  • the drill bit described is characterized by its greater longevity than the usual drill bits and by its great efficiency in all circumstances, especially in terrains of high resistance.
  • the working tool as well as the external surface of the bit body, may be coated with an abrasive coating 21- formed for example by hard particles embedded in the steel matrix.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a particularly effective embodiment.
  • hard particles 19 are embedded in a bonding material 20 which can for example be a brazing metal coating the surface of the working tool 11.
  • the particles 19 can for example be elements with sharp edges and irregular, of a sintered material based on a metal carbide such as tungsten carbide or titanium. They can also be elements in sintered diamond powder, in ceramic or in another material.
  • the bonding matrix 20 which connects the particles 19 and ensures their adhesion with respect to the surface of the tool 11, it can be of a metal having a melting point lower than that of steel such as for example a metal with low copper or copper and nickel .
  • the particles 19 will preferably be distributed uniformly over the surface of the tool 11 and juxtaposed. Their dimensions will preferably be equal and between 0.5 and 10 mm, depending on the dimensions of the tool itself. Experience has shown that the surface density of the particles 19 is advantageously comprised, depending on their particle size, between one and one hundred elements per cm.
  • the abrasive elements can be distributed in a single layer, although one can also provide an abrasive structure comprising multiple layers.
  • the abrasive elements juxtaposed on the surface of the working tool can consist of geometric protrusions 23 formed in attached elements 22 fixed by any means to the surface of the tool (fig. 3) .
  • These added elements can themselves be simple shapes adjusted to each other and juxtaposed in a mosaic on the surface of the tool.
  • abrasive elements are all of the same shape, they can be distributed in the surface of the tool so that their orientation varies randomly from one element to the next.
  • the embodiment shown in the drawing comprises a drill bit body of generally cylindrical shape
  • the lower part of this part could also, in another embodiment, be frustoconical with a small base of diameter smaller than that of the sphere so that the tool body causes a widening of the pilot hole drilled by the rotary element as the bit advances.
  • the abrasive particles While in a full abrasion tool, the abrasive particles always rub in the same direction and eventually become satin, in the tool according to the invention, the abrasive particles rub in all directions, which considerably increases the service life abrasive.
  • the total abrasive surface is approximately equal to 3/4 of the surface of the sphere. She is. with an equal hole section, larger than the useful surface of a solid tool. Wear will therefore be slower.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)
EP81810301A 1980-07-23 1981-07-22 Bohrkrone Withdrawn EP0044817A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH563280 1980-07-23
CH5632/80 1980-07-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0044817A2 true EP0044817A2 (de) 1982-01-27
EP0044817A3 EP0044817A3 (de) 1982-08-25

Family

ID=4296857

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81810301A Withdrawn EP0044817A3 (de) 1980-07-23 1981-07-22 Bohrkrone

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0044817A3 (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3306598A1 (de) * 1983-02-25 1984-10-25 Helmut Dr. 4350 Recklinghausen Fritz Kugelbohrkopf
FR2574847A1 (fr) * 1984-12-13 1986-06-20 Soletanche Dispositif pour effectuer des forages circulaires de grand diametre dans le sol
EP0664373A3 (de) * 1994-01-21 1996-04-24 Soilmec Spa Werkzeug und Verfahren zum Bohren ohne Erdaustrag und Füllen des Bohrloches mit Beton.
US6119797A (en) * 1998-03-19 2000-09-19 Kingdream Public Ltd. Co. Single cone earth boring bit
CN105909178A (zh) * 2016-05-31 2016-08-31 陕西金刚石油机械有限公司 一种镶装聚晶复合齿的单牙轮钻头

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1974756A (en) * 1932-07-26 1934-09-25 Superior Rig And Bit Company Drill bit
US2013839A (en) * 1933-01-16 1935-09-10 Rowland O Pickin Roller drilling bit
US2009742A (en) * 1933-05-15 1935-07-30 Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co Face bit
US2025258A (en) * 1934-08-06 1935-12-24 John A Zublin Cutter for drill bits
FR1025745A (fr) * 1949-10-17 1953-04-20 Hughes Tool Co Fraise pour trépans de forage de puits et son procédé de fabrication
US2597669A (en) * 1950-01-20 1952-05-20 Inspiration Mining & Dev Compa Drill bit
US2667334A (en) * 1951-03-03 1954-01-26 Standard Oil Dev Co Full hole diamond bit
US2833520A (en) * 1957-01-07 1958-05-06 Robert G Owen Annular mill for use in oil wells
US3385683A (en) * 1963-12-09 1968-05-28 Edward B Williams Iii Method of making and applying an abrasive to metal surfaces
DE1224229B (de) * 1964-12-21 1966-09-08 Robert Hochstrasser Verfahren zum Bohren bzw. Erweiterungsbohren im Erdreich und Vorrichtung zur Durchfuehrung des Verfahrens
US3318399A (en) * 1965-03-22 1967-05-09 Exxon Production Research Co Diamond bits and similar tools
US3695370A (en) * 1970-10-14 1972-10-03 Hycalog Inc Drilling apparatus
FR2196428B1 (de) * 1972-08-18 1974-10-25 Erap
US4203496A (en) * 1978-10-16 1980-05-20 Smith International, Inc. Longitudinal axis roller drill bit with gage inserts protection

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3306598A1 (de) * 1983-02-25 1984-10-25 Helmut Dr. 4350 Recklinghausen Fritz Kugelbohrkopf
FR2574847A1 (fr) * 1984-12-13 1986-06-20 Soletanche Dispositif pour effectuer des forages circulaires de grand diametre dans le sol
US4682660A (en) * 1984-12-13 1987-07-28 Soletanche Hydro-drill with circular impression
EP0664373A3 (de) * 1994-01-21 1996-04-24 Soilmec Spa Werkzeug und Verfahren zum Bohren ohne Erdaustrag und Füllen des Bohrloches mit Beton.
US6119797A (en) * 1998-03-19 2000-09-19 Kingdream Public Ltd. Co. Single cone earth boring bit
CN105909178A (zh) * 2016-05-31 2016-08-31 陕西金刚石油机械有限公司 一种镶装聚晶复合齿的单牙轮钻头

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0044817A3 (de) 1982-08-25

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