EP0047692A2 - Verfahren zum Erzeugen von Steuersignalen für eine Plasmaanzeigeeinrichtung und von nach diesem Verfahren erzeugten Signalen gesteuerte Plasmaanzeigeeinrichtung - Google Patents
Verfahren zum Erzeugen von Steuersignalen für eine Plasmaanzeigeeinrichtung und von nach diesem Verfahren erzeugten Signalen gesteuerte Plasmaanzeigeeinrichtung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0047692A2 EP0047692A2 EP81401350A EP81401350A EP0047692A2 EP 0047692 A2 EP0047692 A2 EP 0047692A2 EP 81401350 A EP81401350 A EP 81401350A EP 81401350 A EP81401350 A EP 81401350A EP 0047692 A2 EP0047692 A2 EP 0047692A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- electrode
- electrodes
- amplitude
- une
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241001080024 Telles Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241001415961 Gaviidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001454 recorded image Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
- G09G3/28—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels
- G09G3/288—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels using AC panels
- G09G3/291—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels using AC panels controlling the gas discharge to control a cell condition, e.g. by means of specific pulse shapes
- G09G3/292—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels using AC panels controlling the gas discharge to control a cell condition, e.g. by means of specific pulse shapes for reset discharge, priming discharge or erase discharge occurring in a phase other than addressing
- G09G3/2927—Details of initialising
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
- G09G3/28—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels
- G09G3/288—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels using AC panels
- G09G3/291—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels using AC panels controlling the gas discharge to control a cell condition, e.g. by means of specific pulse shapes
- G09G3/293—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels using AC panels controlling the gas discharge to control a cell condition, e.g. by means of specific pulse shapes for address discharge
- G09G3/2932—Addressed by writing selected cells that are in an OFF state
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
- G09G3/28—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels
- G09G3/288—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels using AC panels
- G09G3/297—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels using AC panels using opposed discharge type panels
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for generating the control signals of an alternating type plasma panel. It also relates to plasma panels of the alternative type controlled by signals developed by this process.
- Plasma panels of the alternative type are well known in the prior art, in particular by French patent application No. 78.04893, published under No. 2,417,848, in the name of THOMSON-CSF and by the article published in the "THOMSON-CSF Technical Review", June 1978, volume 10, N 2, pages 249 to 275.
- These panels include a large number of cells arranged in a matrix form. Each cell is formed by the gas space located at the intersection of two electrodes belonging to two networks of orthogonal electrodes and is subjected to control signals constituted by the difference of the voltages applied to the two electrodes between which it is located.
- control signals mention may be made of the registration signals which cause the cells to ignite, the erasure signals which extinguish the cells and the maintenance signals which keep the cells in their initial state, namely the state off, i.e. the status on.
- the recording and erasing signals are selective signals which must not cause recording and erasure only for the selected cells.
- any cell C xy is only registered if its two electrodes, x and y, receive adequate voltages, V x and V, which make it possible to obtain the signal at the terminals of this cell and of it alone. of registration.
- the voltages V x and V y making it possible to obtain the inscription of the cell C x y differ from the voltages V 'x and V' y making it possible to obtain its erasure.
- the present invention makes it possible to solve the problem of displaying images using an alternating plasma panel by eliminating the drawbacks of variable luminance and increased writing time, and this without modifying the memory effect of the panels.
- plasma of the alternative type is
- FIG. 1 schematically represents four cells C 11 , C 12 , C 21 and C 22 of a plasma panel which are located at the intersections of two horizontal electrodes x 1 and x 2 and two vertical electrodes y 1 and y2.
- FIGS. 2e, f, g, h show the control signals applied to cells C 11 , C 12 , C 21 ' C 22 and which result from the difference in voltages applied to the two electrodes between which each cell is located. .
- Figures 3e to 3h show the control signals applied to cells C 11 , C 12 , C 21 , C 22 . Only the signal applied to cell C 11 allows erasure thanks to the linear growth part of the voltage from O to Empty at time t 4 at time t 5 .
- the four signals applied to the cells carry out the maintenance of the cells because of the rising edge towards V 1 existing at time t 1 and the falling edge towards - V 1 existing at time t 3 . Only cell C 11 is deleted, the other cells are maintained in their initial state.
- FIGS. 5a to 5k the selective part of the voltages has been shown in broken lines, that is to say that which is not identical for all the electrodes and all the cells of the panel and which extends in the 'example chosen from t 3 to t 4 .
- FIGS. 5a to 5k the non-selective part of the voltages, which is identical for all the electrodes and all the cells of the panel, and which aims to apply to all the cells a maintenance signal constituted, is shown in solid lines. a positive part of amplitude V 1 and a negative part of amplitude V 1 .
- the non-selective part is obtained by providing a positive part of amplitude V 1 from t, to t 2 for the voltages Vy 1 , Vy 2 and Vy 3 and by providing a positive part of vacuum amplitude t 5 to t 6 for voltages V x1 and V x2 .
- the form, amplitude and duration of the various selection, non-selection, registration, erasure or maintenance voltages are chosen so that the cells receiving the selection voltage on an electrode and the other electrode the voltage of registration, erasure or maintenance are registered, erased or maintained in their initial state. On the contrary, the cells receiving the non-selection voltage on one electrode must be maintained in their initial state whatever the voltage applied to the other electrode of these cells.
- One carries out, simultaneously and selectively, for a given row or column, the recording, the deletion and the maintenance of the cells.
- each network receives, during a given cycle, only two types of voltage, selection or non-selection, specific to this cycle.
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to solve the problem of displaying successive images by plasma panel.
- the electrodes of one of the networks therefore receive a voltage chosen only from the ins voltages cription or erasure.
- control circuits of the plasma panel allowing the implementation of this process, they follow directly from those described by the patent application No. 78.04893 already cited.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8019415 | 1980-09-09 | ||
| FR8019415A FR2489994B1 (fr) | 1980-09-09 | 1980-09-09 | Procede d'elaboration des signaux de commande d'un panneau a plasma de type alternatif et panneau a plasma commande par des signaux elabores selon ce procede |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0047692A2 true EP0047692A2 (de) | 1982-03-17 |
| EP0047692A3 EP0047692A3 (en) | 1982-03-31 |
| EP0047692B1 EP0047692B1 (de) | 1986-03-26 |
Family
ID=9245768
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP81401350A Expired EP0047692B1 (de) | 1980-09-09 | 1981-08-27 | Verfahren zum Erzeugen von Steuersignalen für eine Plasmaanzeigeeinrichtung und von nach diesem Verfahren erzeugten Signalen gesteuerte Plasmaanzeigeeinrichtung |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4546289A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0047692B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JPS5778597A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE3174187D1 (de) |
| FR (1) | FR2489994B1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2547091A1 (fr) * | 1983-06-03 | 1984-12-07 | Thomson Csf | Procede de commande d'un panneau a plasma de type alternatif et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre |
| US5563194A (en) * | 1994-08-19 | 1996-10-08 | Showa Denko K.K. | Propylene resin composition |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2772501B1 (fr) * | 1997-12-15 | 2000-01-21 | Thomson Lcd | Dispositif de commande matriciel |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3973253A (en) * | 1972-03-27 | 1976-08-03 | International Business Machines Corporation | Floating addressing system for gas panel |
| JPS49112526A (de) * | 1973-02-26 | 1974-10-26 | ||
| US4017762A (en) * | 1974-12-04 | 1977-04-12 | Ibm Corporation | Voltage controlled sustain frequency in a gas display panel |
| US4097856A (en) * | 1976-10-04 | 1978-06-27 | International Business Machines Corporation | Gas panel single ended drive systems |
| US4140944A (en) * | 1977-04-27 | 1979-02-20 | Owens-Illinois, Inc. | Method and apparatus for open drain addressing of a gas discharge display/memory panel |
| JPS5570892A (en) * | 1978-11-22 | 1980-05-28 | Fujitsu Ltd | Display information blanking method of plasma display unit |
-
1980
- 1980-09-09 FR FR8019415A patent/FR2489994B1/fr not_active Expired
-
1981
- 1981-08-27 DE DE8181401350T patent/DE3174187D1/de not_active Expired
- 1981-08-27 EP EP81401350A patent/EP0047692B1/de not_active Expired
- 1981-09-08 JP JP56141589A patent/JPS5778597A/ja active Granted
-
1984
- 1984-04-27 US US06/604,817 patent/US4546289A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2547091A1 (fr) * | 1983-06-03 | 1984-12-07 | Thomson Csf | Procede de commande d'un panneau a plasma de type alternatif et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre |
| EP0131479A1 (de) * | 1983-06-03 | 1985-01-16 | Thomson-Csf | Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Steuern von Wechselstromplasmabildschirmen |
| US4636784A (en) * | 1983-06-03 | 1987-01-13 | Thomson-Csf | Process for the control of an alternating current plasma panel and apparatus for performing the same |
| US5563194A (en) * | 1994-08-19 | 1996-10-08 | Showa Denko K.K. | Propylene resin composition |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2489994B1 (fr) | 1987-09-11 |
| FR2489994A1 (fr) | 1982-03-12 |
| US4546289A (en) | 1985-10-08 |
| DE3174187D1 (en) | 1986-04-30 |
| JPH0456315B2 (de) | 1992-09-08 |
| JPS5778597A (en) | 1982-05-17 |
| EP0047692B1 (de) | 1986-03-26 |
| EP0047692A3 (en) | 1982-03-31 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| FR2738654A1 (fr) | Procede de pilotage pour un affichage plasma permettant un affichage d'echelle de gris ameliore et affichage plasma correspondant | |
| EP0236198B1 (de) | Aktivmatrix-Bildschirm zur Wiedergabe von Grauwerten | |
| FR2635902A1 (fr) | Procede de commande tres rapide par adressage semi-selectif et adressage selectif d'un panneau a plasma alternatif a entretien coplanaire | |
| EP0361992B1 (de) | Plasma-Anzeigeplatte mit modifizierter Adressierbarkeit | |
| EP0597772B1 (de) | Multiplexbetriebener Matrixbildschirm und Steuerverfahren dafür | |
| FR2755784A1 (fr) | Procede de pilotage d'un panneau d'affichage dans un plasma | |
| FR2822577A1 (fr) | Procede et dispositif pour piloter un panneau d'affichage a plasma dans lequel une decharge de reinitialisation est executee selectivement | |
| EP0976122B1 (de) | Matrixanzeigeadressierungsverfahren | |
| EP0202166B1 (de) | Virtuelle Bildspeicherschaltung für vielfache Bildfenster | |
| EP0131479B1 (de) | Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Steuern von Wechselstromplasmabildschirmen | |
| FR2795219A1 (fr) | Procede capable d'etablir un contraste eleve sur un panneau d'affichage a plasma | |
| FR2738944A1 (fr) | Affichage permettant de realiser un affichage a echelle de gris selon un procede par sous-trames, unite d'affichage et generateur de signal d'affichage correspondants | |
| EP0047692B1 (de) | Verfahren zum Erzeugen von Steuersignalen für eine Plasmaanzeigeeinrichtung und von nach diesem Verfahren erzeugten Signalen gesteuerte Plasmaanzeigeeinrichtung | |
| EP0329528B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Matrixbildschirms und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens | |
| EP0951711B1 (de) | Verfahren zur adressierungsansteurung einer wechselstromplasmaanzeigetafel | |
| EP0524842A1 (de) | Vorrichtung zur Fernsehbildwiedergabe in Echtzeit auf einem Anzeigebildschirm | |
| EP0337833A1 (de) | Punkt für Punkt Ansteuermethode für einen Plasma-Anzeiger | |
| EP1131810B1 (de) | Adressierverfahren und plasmaanzeige basierend auf separaten gerade und ungerade numerierten linienadressen | |
| EP0197809B1 (de) | Steuerungsanordnung für eine Wechselstromplasmaanzeigetafel | |
| FR2605778A1 (fr) | Panneau de visualisation a cristaux liquides et procede d'inscription des donnees sur ce panneau | |
| EP0877999B1 (de) | Ansteuerungsverfahren für eine anzeigetafel und anzeigevorrichtung, die dieses verfahren verwendet | |
| EP2983167B1 (de) | Lcd-anzeigegerät mit zeilenadressierung durch stichprobenerfassung und umwandlung, sowie anzeigeverfahren | |
| EP0793212A1 (de) | Steuerverfahren für eine Bildanzeigetafel mit Halbtönen und Anzeigeeinrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens | |
| FR2519170A1 (fr) | Procede d'affichage de demi-teintes sur un panneau a plasma de type alternatif et dispositif d'affichage utilisant un tel procede | |
| EP0793213A1 (de) | Ansteuerungsverfahren für einen Anzeigebildschirm nach dem Prinzip der Modulation der Lichtemissionszeit und Anzeigevorrichtung, die dieses Verfahren verwendet |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| PUAL | Search report despatched |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): DE GB NL |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): DE GB NL |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19820410 |
|
| GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): DE GB NL |
|
| REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 3174187 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19860430 |
|
| PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
| 26N | No opposition filed | ||
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 19890831 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Effective date: 19910301 |
|
| NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 19960718 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 19960719 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19970827 |
|
| GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19970827 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19980501 |