EP0051006A2 - Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zum Übertragen elektrischer Ladungen verschiedener Zeichen in ein Raumgebiet und Verwendung in Vorrichtungen zum Beseitigen statischer Elektrizität - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zum Übertragen elektrischer Ladungen verschiedener Zeichen in ein Raumgebiet und Verwendung in Vorrichtungen zum Beseitigen statischer Elektrizität Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0051006A2
EP0051006A2 EP81401536A EP81401536A EP0051006A2 EP 0051006 A2 EP0051006 A2 EP 0051006A2 EP 81401536 A EP81401536 A EP 81401536A EP 81401536 A EP81401536 A EP 81401536A EP 0051006 A2 EP0051006 A2 EP 0051006A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
enclosure
positive
charges
negative
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP81401536A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0051006B1 (de
EP0051006A3 (en
Inventor
Serge Larigaldie
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Office National dEtudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales ONERA
Original Assignee
Office National dEtudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales ONERA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Office National dEtudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales ONERA filed Critical Office National dEtudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales ONERA
Publication of EP0051006A2 publication Critical patent/EP0051006A2/de
Publication of EP0051006A3 publication Critical patent/EP0051006A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0051006B1 publication Critical patent/EP0051006B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T23/00—Apparatus for generating ions to be introduced into non-enclosed gases, e.g. into the atmosphere
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05F—STATIC ELECTRICITY; NATURALLY-OCCURRING ELECTRICITY
    • H05F3/00—Carrying-off electrostatic charges
    • H05F3/04—Carrying-off electrostatic charges by means of spark gaps or other discharge devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to techniques for modifying the electrical charge of a space area.
  • radioactive eliminators which use the ionizing properties of alpha and beta radiation to slightly ionize the air surrounding a body to be discharged.
  • the effectiveness of these devices is low due to the low degree of ionization which one can hope to achieve without using powerful radioactive sources (several tens of millicuries) including the potential dangers, as regards the risks personnel irradiation as accidental release of radioactive material, are not acceptable in many applications.
  • inductive type crown effect eliminators which consist of one or more conductive wires at ground potential and fitted with tips which are placed near the electrified bodies to be discharged.
  • the high value of the electric field near the tips promotes the transfer of charges between the electrified body and the eliminator.
  • eliminators with crown effect involve a high voltage electrical source which creates an intense electric field in the vicinity of one or more points immersed in a gaseous medium in order to cause the formation of a corona discharge therein, called an ion-generating corona discharge.
  • the high voltage produced is alternating so as to alternately produce positive and negative ions in the medium surrounding the electrified body to be neutralized.
  • corona discharges into the air are accompanied by the formation of ozone, a highly oxidizing gas, capable of damaging certain materials or presenting harmful effects for people. This phenomenon sometimes obstructs the application of crown effect discharge eliminators.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a means of modifying the concentration of a space zone simultaneously in positive and negative electric charges, which allows, in particular when it is applied to the atmosphere surrounding an electrified body, to effectively neutralize this last.
  • a corona discharge of alternately positive and negative polarity is produced in an enclosure enclosing a gas under pressure and containing a condensable substance, this gas is expanded at the outlet of this enclosure in such a way that alternately positive and negative ions formed by the discharge in this gas are entrained out of the enclosure by microparticles resulting from the condensation of said substance to be transferred to the area of space, and any imbalance between the currents of positive charges and negative charges thus produced at the output of this enclosure is detected to modify the supply of the crown discharge in response to this imbalance.
  • the ions produced by the corona discharge constitute nuclei on which the microparticles of the condensable substance are formed.
  • the ions are thus trapped by the current of microparticles and they are then released by a phase change of the microparticles to form the charge of the space zone. Thanks to the speed acquired by the microparticles, it is possible to charge an area of space at a relatively large distance from the enclosure inside which the transferred ions are created.
  • the invention therefore provides means making it possible to prevent such a current from thwarting the measures taken to supply the negative corona discharges and the positive corona discharges by applying different voltages in absolute value to the electrodes.
  • this method is implemented using a device comprising a body limiting a nozzle for expanding the gas at the outlet of an enclosure and a tapered electrode is placed in this enclosure so that its point ends at the neck of the nozzle, supply means being provided to establish between this electrode and the body of the nozzle an alternating voltage sufficient to produce a discharge by crown effect in the gas expanded in the nozzle near the tip of the tapered electrode, and the surface of the nozzle inside the enclosure being electrically insulating so as to block any circulation of electric current between the tip and the nozzle without nevertheless preventing the establishment of an electric field sufficient for the formation of discharges alternately producing positive and negative ions.
  • the charge level thereof is then established at a value such that the supply voltages of the positive discharge and of the negative discharge are different and, respectively, produce fluxes of positive and negative ions with equal yields. .
  • the body of the nozzle can be a block of insulating material, the internal surface of which is suitably aerodynamically shaped, and in which a conductor is embedded, which is connected to the alternative power source of the electrode assembly. tapered nozzle, for example through the mass.
  • the method and the device defined above thus make it possible to obtain balanced concentrations of very high simultaneously positive and negative charges at relatively considerable distances from the enclosure where the ions arise without the recombination of charges during transfer becoming excessive.
  • the arrangements according to the invention are particularly interesting. tes when the space area is relatively difficult to access, for example in the case where electrified powdery materials are handled during an industrial process; or when it contains a flammable or explosive atmosphere. If the charged particles are ejected by a nozzle outside the enclosure in which they are formed, it is possible in fact to avoid any contact between the external atmosphere and the interior of the enclosure due to the unidirectional nature of the current of microparticles. and its relatively high speed in the nozzle.
  • the invention also relates to the application of the method and of the devices which have just been defined to the elimination of static electricity from the electrified bodies.
  • the body to be neutralized retains a residual charge of low value and in particular of a nature to bring the potential of this object to safe values. If it is desired to eliminate this residual charge or to set it at a value different from that which results from the neutralization operation, in accordance with an additional aspect of the invention, the electric field is detected around this body and it is controlled the supply circuit of the discharge crowns the detected field so as to bring it to a desired value, for example zero.
  • an electric charge injector comprises an elongated insulating tubular body 10 closed at one end 12 and extended at its other end 14 by a body of revolution 16 whose internal profile defines a nozzle 18 comprising a narrowed part 20, followed by a neck 22, then by a diverging portion 24, when one moves away from the end 14 of the tubular body 10.
  • the divergent opening through an orifice 26 formed in the anterior face 28 of the body of nozzle 16, in a tube 30 coaxial with the nozzle 18, the end of which forms an ejection nozzle 32 towards the outside towards a space zone.
  • a needle 46 made of a conductive material centered on the axis of the tube 10 and comprising a point 48 at the neck 22 of the nozzle 18.
  • the rear end 49 of the needle 46 is electrically connected to a conductor 50 which passes through the end wall 12 of the body 10 by an insulating passage 52.
  • a pipe 55 for supplying compressed air in the direction of the arrow 56.
  • the body 10 is made of an insulating material such as the cap 34.
  • the nozzle body 16 is conductive and electrically connected to ground by a conductor 60, the cable 50 being connected to one end 67 of a secondary winding.
  • high voltage 62 of a transformer 64 supplied at its primary 66 by the AC mains voltage at 220 v.
  • the other end 68 of the winding 62 is connected to ground.
  • Line 55 is connected to a compressor (not shown) supplied with moist air in order to inject, in the direction of the arrow 56, inside the injector body 10, moist compressed air which enters the nozzle body 16 and begins to relax at the level of the constriction 20 where it is accelerated by cooling. From the neck 22, it acquires a supersonic speed under the effect of the acceleration which is imparted to it by the diverging portion 24 of the nozzle and then enters the tube 30 to be ejected by the nozzle 32 out of the enclosure formed by inside the tube 10 of the nozzle 18 and of the tube 30.
  • a compressor supplied with moist air in order to inject, in the direction of the arrow 56, inside the injector body 10, moist compressed air which enters the nozzle body 16 and begins to relax at the level of the constriction 20 where it is accelerated by cooling. From the neck 22, it acquires a supersonic speed under the effect of the acceleration which is imparted to it by the diverging portion 24 of the nozzle and then enters the tube 30 to be
  • the high voltage winding 62 applies an alternating voltage of several thousand volts, for example 20 kV between the point 48 of the needle 46 and the nozzle 16, this voltage being sufficient to allow an alternating corona discharge to be established at neck of this nozzle.
  • This discharge occurs in the air current during expansion in the narrow space which separates the point 48 from the neck of the nozzle 22 where an extremely high electric field prevails.
  • a space charge is formed composed of positive gas ions on the periphery of the corona discharge zone, while during the negative half-waves negative gas ions are formed, creating a charge. negative space around this discharge area.
  • the compressed air admitted into the tube 55 is supersaturated with water vapor which begins to condense, as soon as the air reaches the converging point of the nozzle, in the form of microdroplets, the gaseous ions formed in the vicinity of the point 48 forming a condensation core for these droplets.
  • these microdroplets Crystallize into microparticles of ice of very small diameter (approximately 100 ⁇ in diameter), the temperature of the air expanded in the divergent being able to lower to -90 ° Celsius.
  • the fine particles of aerosol charged alternately positively and negatively are entrained by the gaseous current at very high speed inside the tube 30 and projected into the area of space facing the nozzle 32 , as will be explained below. .
  • a suitable air flow for such a device suitable for being used as a static eliminator of particles can be about 20 m 3 per hour, measured under normal conditions of temperature and pressure, and the corresponding pressure in the enclosure of approximately 5 bars.
  • the charge ejection speed inside the tube 30 is approximately 300 m / s.
  • the moist compressed air admitted into the tubing 55 can be obtained from ambient air provided that its hygrometric level is greater than about 10%. In case the ambient air is very dry, a humidifier is provided at the inlet of the compressor. It has been found that the hygrometric degree indicated corresponds to a density of microparticles of ice at the level of the neck of the nozzle which is largely sufficient to come to trap almost all of the ions formed by the discharge.
  • the yields of ionized particles of the positive corona discharge and of the negative corona discharge are generally not the same for a given value of the supply voltage at the secondary 62.
  • the quantity of charges of each sign produced and the current resulting from the entrainment of these charges through the tube 30 depend on a high number of factors among which the state of the tip 48, the pressure and the humidity of the air used, the value of the applied voltage.
  • the ice microparticles entrained through the tube 30 escape the action of the electric field prevailing inside the injector thanks to their very low mobility and the high speed of the gas flow. These charges, after leaving the nozzle 32 move away from them to be recovered only at relatively high distance by a body connected to ground or the earth after they are released as will be explained below.
  • the tube 30 is made of a semiconductor material having a very high resistivity. This characteristic makes it possible to avoid the accumulation along this tube of residual charges deposited by the stream of particles during its path towards the orifice 32. Such an accumulation could indeed give rise to sliding discharges along the inner wall of the tube 30 with a substantial loss of the stream of particles reaching the outside of the nozzle.
  • microparticles are several orders of magnitude lower than that of gas ions. Thanks to this lower mobility, the probability of recombination of charges of contrary signs, near the emissive point where the concentration of charged particles is the greatest, is much lower than in the case of a corona discharge without relaxation in the air.
  • An injector 80 (FIG. 2) is very schematically represented with its nozzle 82 and an outlet nozzle 84 from which a jet 86 of air and microcrystals of charged ice gushes out at high speed which tends to become more and more turbulent at as it moves away from this nozzle 86 towards the space zone 90 located downstream. A few tens of centimeters downstream, the microparticles of ice begin to evaporate in an intermediate zone 88 by releasing the gaseous ions which they had previously trapped. In practice, it has been found that it is possible to obtain by this process high concentrations of positive and negative charges at distances of several meters from the nozzle 84 before the ions thus released recombine.
  • the nozzle body 122 is composed of an insulating material, for example a synthetic resin inside which is embedded a conductive ring or metal guard ring 132 connected to ground by a conductor 134, coated with a coating 137 of insulating resin similar to that which constitutes the nozzle body 122 over at least part of its path to earth or ground.
  • the needle 126 is connected to the capacitor C 130 by a conductor 136, itself coated with an insulator 138.
  • the insulating nozzle device of FIG. 3 sees the capacitor C 130 being charged at a relatively low potential, that is to say a few hundred volts. If the electrified body to be discharged is placed at a relatively close distance from the nozzle when the injector is ejected, it can be seen that it maintains a level of potential at most equal to that of the tip 126. This level of electrification potential of the order of 500 volts is entirely harmless if knows that the electrification potentials of the bodies that it is sought to discharge using the present invention can commonly reach several tens of kilo volts. It can be seen that, when the body is moved away from the outlet of the injector , the level of this continuous potential on the body drops very noticeably.
  • An embodiment of the invention provides additional means for measuring the potential of the body with respect to a reference mass and means for acting on the value of the DC voltage of the tip 126 to control the electric potential of the body. to that of the reference mass.
  • the two capacitors C 130 and C 131 maintain voltage levels equal to their terminals due to the weakly conducting connection existing through the corona discharge. So the differences in. between the electrodes 125 and 122 at each half-wave and the causes of imbalance attached thereto are not modified by the capacitors C 130 and C 131.
  • the insulating material on the internal surface 124 of the nozzle constitutes a resistance of infinite value between the tip 125 and the conductor of the 1-guard ring 132 (which constitutes the second electrode proper) , while leaving the electric field to act.
  • the distance between this ring 132 and the surface of the nozzle results from a compromise capable of avoiding the breakdowns of said insulating coating, while making it possible to obtain a sufficient electric field and without requiring prohibitively high voltages.
  • the layer of insulator 137 enclosing the conductor 134 is intended to prevent the establishment of parasitic current paths between the tip 125 and the ground conductor 134.
  • the insulator 138 is intended to prevent the formation of currents interference between the conductor 136 charged to a continuous potential as has been explained, and the rest of the body 120 of the injector.
  • the capacitance of the capacitor C 130 is determined at a relatively low value so as to limit its level of electric charge when it is, in operation, brought to a polarization potential of about a few hundred volts. Indeed, when the corona discharge is triggered, any imbalance existing between the production of ions by the positive and negative alternations creates a direct current which gradually diminishes, by charging the capacitor C 130, until the fluxes negative and positive charges are equal. A part of this direct current strikes the electrified body to be discharged and can communicate to it a possible residual charge at most equal to that acquired by the capacitor C 130. It is preferable to adopt a relatively low capacitance value for this latter capacitor in order to limit the possible residual charge of the electrified body. Experience shows that in practice this this this can be limited to some 100 pF.
  • the residual charge is eliminated by means of an electronic device comprising means for measuring the electrical potential of the body and means for acting on the potential of the tip 126 with respect to the reference mass.
  • the electric potential of the body 140 (FIG. 5) is measured by means of a known device for measuring the electric field 141 connected to the reference mass and the signal produced is used to modify the potential with respect to the mass of the tip 126 in order to bring back, or maintain the body 140 in the electrically neutral state.
  • an amplifier 142 connected to the output of the device 141 delivers a direct voltage which is of opposite sign to the residual potential of the body 140 and which is applied either to the ring (FIG.
  • the signal delivered by the amplifier 142 controls a variation in the amplitude of the alternating voltage which is applied to the primary winding of the transformer 64.
  • a device such as that which has just been described offers the possibility of transporting a flow of electric charges of different signs over relatively large distances (several meters) which, as explained above, may be advantageous in certain applications.
  • static eliminators especially for bodies in diffuse or powder form.
  • the interior of the enclosure defined by the injector body is practically isolated from the area of space considered by the gas jet which is in escape, no risk of contact between an explosive atmosphere in this area of space and the crown discharge inside this enclosure is to be feared.
  • a switch 110 FIG. 1
  • the electrodes capable of producing the corona discharge can only be energized when the compressed air is admitted into the injector and escapes at high speed through the nozzle 32.
  • no electric arc can be established between the metal tip such as 125 and the ground, due to the insulating nozzle.
  • the device makes it possible to obtain an extremely rapid elimination of the electrostatic discharges from a body to be neutralized in order to bring them back to a level of potential presenting no danger.

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  • Elimination Of Static Electricity (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
EP81401536A 1980-10-14 1981-10-02 Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zum Übertragen elektrischer Ladungen verschiedener Zeichen in ein Raumgebiet und Verwendung in Vorrichtungen zum Beseitigen statischer Elektrizität Expired EP0051006B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8021977 1980-10-14
FR8021977A FR2492212A1 (fr) 1980-10-14 1980-10-14 Procede et dispositifs pour transferer des charges electriques de signes differents dans une zone d'espace et application aux eliminateurs d'electricite statique

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0051006A2 true EP0051006A2 (de) 1982-05-05
EP0051006A3 EP0051006A3 (en) 1983-06-08
EP0051006B1 EP0051006B1 (de) 1986-10-01

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EP81401536A Expired EP0051006B1 (de) 1980-10-14 1981-10-02 Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zum Übertragen elektrischer Ladungen verschiedener Zeichen in ein Raumgebiet und Verwendung in Vorrichtungen zum Beseitigen statischer Elektrizität

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4417293A (de)
EP (1) EP0051006B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS57154800A (de)
CA (1) CA1172307A (de)
DE (1) DE3175417D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2492212A1 (de)
SU (1) SU1258342A3 (de)

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FR2690302A1 (fr) * 1992-04-17 1993-10-22 Kodak Pathe Dispositif de nettoyage pour bande de produit photosensible non exposé.
WO2005102582A1 (en) 2004-04-08 2005-11-03 Ion Systems, Inc. Ion generation method and apparatus

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CN106769739B (zh) * 2017-01-19 2024-01-23 兰州大学 一种测定雾霾带电颗粒百分比的系统
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2176650A (en) * 1985-06-14 1986-12-31 Thomson Csf Preparing piezoelectric material
GB2176650B (en) * 1985-06-14 1989-07-12 Thomson Csf Process and device for preparing piezoelectric material
FR2690302A1 (fr) * 1992-04-17 1993-10-22 Kodak Pathe Dispositif de nettoyage pour bande de produit photosensible non exposé.
WO1993021747A1 (en) * 1992-04-17 1993-10-28 Kodak-Pathe Apparatus for cleaning a strip of unexposed photosensitive product
WO2005102582A1 (en) 2004-04-08 2005-11-03 Ion Systems, Inc. Ion generation method and apparatus
EP1750884A4 (de) * 2004-04-08 2008-05-21 Ion Systems Inc Ionenerzeugungsverfahren und -vorrichtung

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EP0051006B1 (de) 1986-10-01
FR2492212B1 (de) 1983-10-21
EP0051006A3 (en) 1983-06-08
US4417293A (en) 1983-11-22
JPS57154800A (en) 1982-09-24
CA1172307A (en) 1984-08-07
SU1258342A3 (ru) 1986-09-15
DE3175417D1 (en) 1986-11-06
JPH0317199B2 (de) 1991-03-07
FR2492212A1 (fr) 1982-04-16

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