Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
  • C10G1/02—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
  • C10L9/08—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for obtaining solid and liquid fuels from organic material using an elevated temperature.
• Solid and liquid fuels are now almost exclusively obtained from fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum.
• the synthetic processes for the production of hydrocarbons e.g. Pier and Bergius coal hydrogenation or the so-called Fischer-Tropsch process are based on these fossil fuels, especially coal.
• coal is mainly made from vegetable material with a high cellulose content and petroleum from bacterial mass. Bacteria consist of 60 to 80% proteins and lipids. The heterofunctions originally present in the natural material, in particular the nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen function, must therefore have been eliminated from these substances during the formation of petroleum. This should have been done under conditions where no carbon-carbon bonds were broken and oxidative or reductive processes were not required. So far, the assumed "natural" reaction processes could not be imitated. In particular, no process has yet been found which converts organic material, in particular organic material of plant or animal origin, into solid or liquid fuels under normal pressure and without the use of reductive or oxidative processes.
• the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a process for the production of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels which does not rely on fossil energy sources but rather the conversion of biomasses of microbial, vegetable or animal origin, of sediments containing organic material or of normal waste Pressure allowed and without the intervention of reduction and oxidation processes.
• Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, humic acids are preferably used; Masses of plants, bacteria, algae; Fresh sludge, sewage sludge and digested sludge from waste water treatment plants; the organic components of household or industrial waste; Peat and lignite as the starting material for the conversion according to the invention.
• Alumina can be used as a catalyst Use aluminum salt, phosphoric acid, phosphate, borate, silica gel, silicates, aluminum silicate or an oxide of a transition metal, or a mixture of these catalysts.
• the oxide of a transition metal is preferably a T i , V, Cr, M n, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu or Zn oxide, or a mixture of these oxides or a mixture of at least one of these Oxides with at least one of the aforementioned compounds.
• Aluminum oxide, montmorillonite, mixed catalysts made of aluminum oxide / copper oxide, aluminum oxide / vanadium pentoxide and aluminum oxide / nickel oxide have proven successful.
• the conversion temperature is preferably in the range of 200 to 400 ° C, particularly in the range of 250 to 350 ° C, more preferably the range of 280 to 330 ° C, a temperature of about 300 ° C is most preferred.
• the starting material consists predominantly of cellulose and carbohydrates, for example vegetable origin
• coal is obtained as the main product.
• the starting material consists mainly of proteins and lipids, for example from a biomass based on microorganisms
• the conversion product consists at all mainly from oils and hydrocarbons.
• 70 to 90% of the carbon originally present is converted into coal and oil.
• the remaining carbon emerges in gaseous form as a mixture of C0 2 , CO, CH 4 and lower hydrocarbons.
• the heat of combustion of the oils obtained is between 7,000 and 10,000 kcal / kg, depending on the starting material, reaction conditions and catalyst.
• this gas serves as a protective gas, which prevents the entry of the air atmosphere.
• the sulfur and nitrogen content of the coal residue is relatively low, so the coal can also be hydrated or used to generate water gas.
• sewage sludge is used in the conversion, the addition of catalyst material is usually unnecessary, since the inorganic constituents present in the sewage sludge usually contain sufficient amounts of silicates, aluminum compounds and transition metals. This greatly facilitates the large-scale conversion of this material.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
• Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
• Coke Industry (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (4)

Family

ID=6116767

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Cited By (16)

Families Citing this family (52)

Family Cites Families (7)

• 1980
  • 1980-11-14 DE DE19803042964 patent/DE3042964A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1981
  • 1981-11-10 EP EP81109604A patent/EP0052334B2/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1981-11-10 DE DE8181109604T patent/DE3174939D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1981-11-10 AT AT81109604T patent/ATE20759T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1981-11-13 JP JP56182970A patent/JPS57111380A/ja active Granted
  • 1981-11-13 CA CA000390057A patent/CA1182062A/fr not_active Expired
• 1991
  • 1991-05-13 US US07/698,897 patent/US5114541A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

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