EP0054750A2 - Procédé et dispositif pour fabriquer des articles pressés de vieux matériaux - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour fabriquer des articles pressés de vieux matériaux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0054750A2
EP0054750A2 EP81109822A EP81109822A EP0054750A2 EP 0054750 A2 EP0054750 A2 EP 0054750A2 EP 81109822 A EP81109822 A EP 81109822A EP 81109822 A EP81109822 A EP 81109822A EP 0054750 A2 EP0054750 A2 EP 0054750A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
partial
press
pressing
compact
pressing direction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP81109822A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0054750A3 (en
EP0054750B1 (fr
Inventor
Klaus Rütten
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lyndex Recycling Systems Ltd
Original Assignee
Lindemann Maschinenfabrik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lindemann Maschinenfabrik GmbH filed Critical Lindemann Maschinenfabrik GmbH
Priority to AT81109822T priority Critical patent/ATE15622T1/de
Publication of EP0054750A2 publication Critical patent/EP0054750A2/fr
Publication of EP0054750A3 publication Critical patent/EP0054750A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0054750B1 publication Critical patent/EP0054750B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/08—Accessory tools, e.g. knives; Mountings therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/30—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor
    • B30B9/3003—Details
    • B30B9/3021—Press rams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/30—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor
    • B30B9/3078—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor with precompression means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for the production of compacts from old material, in particular garbage with bulky components, in which the material introduced into a press box through a filling shaft is compressed by a press ram that can be displaced in the press box to form a compact and the compact is then pressed into Pressing direction is pushed into a transport container arranged in alignment with the press box;
  • the cross section of the compact perpendicular to the pressing direction corresponds approximately to the inner cross section of the transport container.
  • the material introduced through a filling shaft in a press box is moved by a press ram which can be displaced in the press box after passing the filling chute opening which opens into the press box and is compressed against a plate.
  • this plate forms a closure between the press box and a transport container which is in alignment with the press box in the working position and into which the material compacted into a compact after the pressing is brought in by moving with the press ram.
  • the compacts intended for filling are required to have the same possible material density over their entire cross-section.
  • meeting this requirement proves to be difficult, since the old material is inhomogeneous and often fluctuates greatly in its density and compressibility.
  • the requirement placed on the compacts is not optimally met by the known pressing device for all feed materials.
  • the material is compressed in the pressing direction of the press ram, no other compression, for example across the press right, takes place.
  • the compact can have a different material density over its cross-section, which should correspond to the inner cross-section of the transport container of, for example, 2 mx 2 m, due to the force of gravity acting on the material introduced as a loose fill and the pressure of the material above.
  • angles of repose are formed, as a result of which, during the subsequent pressing, the compacts in particular in their upper loading rich often have a lower material density than in their lower area, and usually also have a lower height than the loading height available in the transport container allows.
  • the formation of bridges or cavities in the bed frequently caused by bulky material or bulky waste that is to say by material of excessive piece size, contributes to the different density of the compact.
  • the filling of the container may be uneven and incomplete over the cross section of the transport container, so that the available container volume is not used completely and thus inefficiently.
  • the operators of waste incineration plants also demand that a certain maximum piece size of bulky parts contained in the waste not be exceeded.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method and an apparatus for its implementation that allow the production of compacts with an improved, in particular more uniform, material density over their cross-section for optimal use of the transport container volume, a predetermined individual piece size not being exceeded.
  • the total quantity required for a compact is subjected to pressing comminution in a simple manner, divided into partial quantities and already undergoes pre-compression, so that those present in the originally loose bed Voids and material bridges are eliminated.
  • bulky material which cannot easily pass through the smaller cross section, is sheared by pressing on at least one edge of the cross-sectional opening and thereby crushed, so that it affects the material density in the compact, if at all, less adversely than in its original one Size and thus also the requirements for loading a waste incineration plant are sufficient.
  • the material can be crushed in a particularly simple manner if it is moved in the pressing direction for this purpose, as was previously only the case with pressing; because the material shift required anyway for pressing can now be carried out step by step with a subset in each case.
  • At least a subset, preferably the first subset, of the material previously crushed in the horizontal pressing direction under the action of gravity are fed to the pressing process vertically to the pressing direction, in which this partial material quantity (s) is (are) pressed together with the other partial quantity (s) intended for the same compact in the horizontal pressing direction.
  • a layer-by-layer structure results for the material to be subsequently subjected to the pressing in a manner known per se, the individual layers being arranged essentially vertically one above the other and each having approximately the same material density.
  • the crushing of partial quantities is preferably repeated until the partial quantities have the cross-section which is vertical to the pressing direction and then in a manner known per se by pressing Fill out the compact to be produced.
  • the press ram in a device for producing compacts from old material, in particular garbage with bulky components, which has a press ram which can be displaced in a press box, a filling shaft which opens into the press box transversely to the pressing direction and a closure plate which can be displaced transversely to the pressing direction between the press box and one has the press box aligned downstream in the pressing direction, and in which the press ram presses the material introduced through the filling chute after passing the filling chute opening opening into the press box while compressing against the closure plate
  • the press ram according to the invention consists of together and / or individually displaceable Partial stamps, at least one of which can be passed near the edge which delimits the filling shaft opening in the pressing direction and is preferably covered with a knife.
  • the method according to the invention can be carried out by merely moving the partial rams in the pressing direction relative to one another, so that no special aids such as comminution mills or hammers arranged within the device are required for the press comminution or pre-compaction of the material.
  • the amount of material located in the press box outside the filling shaft in front of this partial stamp is conveyed into the actual pressing chamber with each passage of this partial stamp, which is between the closing plate and the Press direction vertical knife level is located in which the knife edge lies.
  • the bulky material protruding into the filling shaft is crushed into partial quantities at the knife edge.
  • the total quantity intended for a compact is then composed of the individual subsets in a sandwich-like structure, the individual layers having a more uniform material density and piece size compared to the loose bed which existed at this point previously and in known devices,
  • the separation and the subsequent combination of the subsets can be arranged in a surprisingly simple manner with one another vertically to the pressing direction Reach partial stamps.
  • the (preferably) lower partial rams passing at a distance from the knife edge block or block a relatively large part of the press box cross-section, so that for the material to be pressed, only the remaining cross section between the lower partial ram and the knife edge is the only one Access to the actual baling chamber remains open.
  • the bale chamber opening remaining in this way can be chosen larger or smaller depending on the type of material to be predominantly pressed, in that differently sized, i.e. in which partial or different heights are used for the vertical pressing direction.
  • the vertical lower punch (s) may preferably have a greater height than the upper partial punch (s), so that the press chamber in front of the lower partial punch (s) can hold more than one partial material quantity can, while with partial stamps of the same size, the press chamber is already filled by two equal parts with approximately the same material density.
  • the lower part (s) that preferably passes by at the edge of the knife preferably has ) Partial stamps, one in each case the upper part which preferably passes close to the knife edge pel (n) adjacent cover area.
  • the partial stamp provided with the cover surface offers a displacement surface for the material moved by the other partial stamp.
  • the pressing process is carried out in a manner known per se, in that the partial punches are moved together against the material lying in front of the sealing plate until the desired bale density is reached.
  • the device according to FIG. 1 consists of a horizontal press box 1, in which two parts arranged vertically one above the other, together forming a press ram stamps 2, 3 can be moved horizontally. These partial stamps are each to be actuated by a cylinder-piston drive, not shown in the drawing, and operate in the manner described below both as a conveying stamp and as a pressing stamp.
  • the press box 1 opens transversely to the pressing direction (arrow 4), in the example shown vertically from above, a filling shaft 5 through which the material to be pressed is introduced.
  • the filling chute opening is provided with a knife on the edge 6 located at the rear in the pressing direction 4, and a counter knife edge 8 is formed in the upper region of the end face 7 of the upper partial punch 2.
  • a closing plate which can be moved transversely to the pressing direction 4, in the example shown vertically, in the example shown 12 is arranged.
  • the closure plate 12 can be opened and lowered with a pressure-actuated cylinder piston drive 13; in Fig. 1 it is shown in the raised position, in which the discharge opening 11 of the press box 1 is open.
  • the press box 1 is aligned with a transport container 14 in the pressing direction 4, which can be connected to the discharge opening 11 of the press box 1 by mechanical means, not shown.
  • a transport container 14 in the pressing direction 4, which can be connected to the discharge opening 11 of the press box 1 by mechanical means, not shown.
  • the transport container 14 can be closed at its filling end 15 by a door 16 which can be displaced transversely to the pressing direction 4, preferably vertically and which is shown in FIG. 1 in the raised position.
  • the material to be pressed, in particular bulky, from a storage bunker (not shown) is sufficient for a compact, known, e.g. by weighing certain amount of material (total amount) 17 introduced through the hopper 5 into the press box 1.
  • the material reaches a cover surface 18 of the lower part 3 facing the filling shaft, which has its pressing surface 19 advanced at least to the knife level 9. Accordingly, material can only get into the pressing chamber 10 lying in front of the knife plane 9 through a pressing chamber opening 20 corresponding in its dimensions to the cross section of the upper partial punch 2 between the lower partial punch 3 and the knife edge 6.
  • a first sub-amount is horizontally displaced in a press crushing phase against the press chamber opening 20, at the same time being pre-compressed and finally in the knife plane 9 by the remaining material, if necessary, by shearing between the knife channel te 6 and the opposite edge 8 of the upper part of the stamp 2 separated or isolated.
  • This first subset then falls under the influence of gravity vertically into the still empty press chamber 10 in front of the lower sub-punch 3.
  • the upper sub-die 2 then moves back to the starting position shown in solid lines in the figures.
  • the total amount required for a compact can also be added continuously through the filling shaft;
  • a preliminary determination of the total amount by weight is not necessary if, e.g. in the bale chamber other measuring methods for the quantity allocation can be provided.
  • the pre-compressed material lying in the press chamber 10 is pushed together by the partial punches 2, 3 which advance as a press ram against the locking plate 12 (press door) which is in the lowered position and thereby as soon as the part stamp 2 and 3 have passed the knife level 9, in cooperation with the closure plate 12 compacted to a compact.
  • the closure plate 12 is raised and the partial punches 2 and 3 are now acting as conveying stamps in the transport container 14 and only in their respective Starting position retracted when the compact is fully advanced into the transport container 14, so that after completion and feed of the last compact intended for a container after the return of the stamps 2 and 3, the door 16 of the container and the closure plate 12 can be closed properly.
  • the work cycle described is repeated to produce a second and then further compacts.
  • the row of compacts already inserted into the transport container 14 is pushed forward by one bale length until the desired filling weight of the container is reached by the inserted compacts.
  • a length can be determined in a known manner and, if the transport container can no longer accommodate a complete compact, a residual compact can be produced which is dimensioned such that the door 16 of the transport container 14 can still be closed.
  • the two-part design of the press ram according to the exemplary embodiments also proves to be advantageous for further reasons;
  • the container door 16 can namely at Verar processing of certain goods in the number of partial stamps corresponding to partial steps, in the present example, therefore, to be closed in two partial steps in order to largely rule out any compressed material falling out of the container.
  • the upper die 2 is first retracted from the container 14 and the container door 16 is lowered so far that the material in the upper region of the compact adjacent to the door 16 is held back by the lowered door 16 in the container 14.
  • the lower part 3 prevents material from the lower region of the compact from being pressed out of the container 14 or falling out. Only when the compact is supported by the partially lowered door 16 does the lower ram 3 move back to its starting position and the container door 16 can be closed completely.
  • the device shown in FIG. 3 differs from the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2 only insofar as the partial stamps 21, 22 have different heights, the lower partial stamp 22 being higher than the upper partial stamp 21.
  • the compression chamber opening 23 is further reduced in this embodiment, so that the filling of the compression chamber 10 with pre-compressed partial material quantities requires more than two strokes of the upper part of the punch 21 and accordingly more than two partial material quantities.
  • the lower partial punch 3, 21, which can normally only be displaced between the transport container and the knife plane, can be moved into an initial position, that of the upper part Stamp 2, 21 corresponds, so that the entire press chamber opening is also available as a passage for the material to be pressed for special applications.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
EP81109822A 1980-12-18 1981-11-21 Procédé et dispositif pour fabriquer des articles pressés de vieux matériaux Expired EP0054750B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81109822T ATE15622T1 (de) 1980-12-18 1981-11-21 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen von presslingen aus altmaterial.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3047673 1980-12-18
DE19803047673 DE3047673A1 (de) 1980-12-18 1980-12-18 "verfahren undvorrichtung zum herstellen von presslingen aus altmaterial"

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0054750A2 true EP0054750A2 (fr) 1982-06-30
EP0054750A3 EP0054750A3 (en) 1983-05-04
EP0054750B1 EP0054750B1 (fr) 1985-09-18

Family

ID=6119449

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81109822A Expired EP0054750B1 (fr) 1980-12-18 1981-11-21 Procédé et dispositif pour fabriquer des articles pressés de vieux matériaux

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0054750B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS57125014A (fr)
AT (1) ATE15622T1 (fr)
BR (1) BR8108227A (fr)
DE (2) DE3047673A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES8302535A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5181463A (en) * 1991-09-12 1993-01-26 M. Glosser & Sons, Inc. Integrated precompacting trash compactor
FR2757443A1 (fr) * 1996-12-23 1998-06-26 Semat Procede et dispositif de compactage de matieres compressibles, en particulier de dechets
US6196124B1 (en) * 1999-07-22 2001-03-06 The American Baler Company Baling machine having two part ejector ram
CN104999689A (zh) * 2015-06-23 2015-10-28 重庆市恒海环卫设备有限公司 一种分体式双级垃圾压缩机压缩头及压缩机
WO2021028221A1 (fr) * 2019-08-14 2021-02-18 Heinen Andreas Presse à balles et procédé de mise en balle de matériau déformable

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012103959B4 (de) * 2012-01-23 2015-04-23 Max Aicher Gmbh & Co. Kg Pressvorrichtung für Feststoffe
DE202015102730U1 (de) 2015-05-27 2016-08-31 Autefa Solutions Germany Gmbh Fülleinrichtung

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2520573A1 (de) 1975-05-09 1976-11-18 Lindemann Maschfab Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zum fuellen von containern mit gepressten bloecken aus muell

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1269944B (de) * 1966-08-05 1968-06-06 Demag Ag Vorrichtung zum Sammeln und Verdichten von Muell
DE1806209A1 (de) * 1968-10-31 1970-05-27 Dockter Adolf M Schrottschere
US3580166A (en) * 1969-05-08 1971-05-25 Int Dynetics Corp Compaction apparatus
US3625138A (en) * 1969-06-16 1971-12-07 Electronic Assistance Corp Waste disposal
FR2079442A5 (fr) * 1970-02-02 1971-11-12 Frossard J
CA949382A (en) * 1971-10-12 1974-06-18 General Compactor Of Quebec Ltd. Refuse compactor
DE7313290U (de) * 1973-04-07 1979-03-08 Lindemann Maschinenfabrik Gmbh, 4000 Duesseldorf Presse zum herstellen von ballen aus altmaterial
DE2523606C3 (de) * 1975-05-28 1979-07-19 Lindemann Maschinenfabrik Gmbh, 4000 Duesseldorf Abstreifer an einem in einen Behälter einfahrbaren Stempel
DE2538645A1 (de) * 1975-08-30 1977-03-03 Ehinger Adolf Eba Maschf Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung mit nachgeordneter pressvorrichtung
JPS5277474A (en) * 1975-12-24 1977-06-29 Shin Meiwa Ind Co Ltd Falling off preventing device of dust in compactor
SE7705269L (sv) * 1977-05-05 1978-11-06 Ab Sunds Sett och anordning att genom pressning overfora voluminost material till balar
DE2903247A1 (de) * 1979-01-29 1980-07-31 Hazemag Andreas Kg Eingabepresse

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2520573A1 (de) 1975-05-09 1976-11-18 Lindemann Maschfab Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zum fuellen von containern mit gepressten bloecken aus muell

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5181463A (en) * 1991-09-12 1993-01-26 M. Glosser & Sons, Inc. Integrated precompacting trash compactor
FR2757443A1 (fr) * 1996-12-23 1998-06-26 Semat Procede et dispositif de compactage de matieres compressibles, en particulier de dechets
US6196124B1 (en) * 1999-07-22 2001-03-06 The American Baler Company Baling machine having two part ejector ram
CN104999689A (zh) * 2015-06-23 2015-10-28 重庆市恒海环卫设备有限公司 一种分体式双级垃圾压缩机压缩头及压缩机
CN104999689B (zh) * 2015-06-23 2017-03-29 重庆市恒海环卫设备有限公司 一种分体式双级垃圾压缩机压缩头及压缩机
WO2021028221A1 (fr) * 2019-08-14 2021-02-18 Heinen Andreas Presse à balles et procédé de mise en balle de matériau déformable

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS57125014A (en) 1982-08-04
ES508075A0 (es) 1982-12-01
EP0054750A3 (en) 1983-05-04
BR8108227A (pt) 1982-10-05
DE3172372D1 (en) 1985-10-24
EP0054750B1 (fr) 1985-09-18
ES8302535A1 (es) 1982-12-01
ATE15622T1 (de) 1985-10-15
DE3047673A1 (de) 1982-07-15

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