EP0060392A2 - Dispositif d'examen de pièces de monnaie - Google Patents

Dispositif d'examen de pièces de monnaie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0060392A2
EP0060392A2 EP82101043A EP82101043A EP0060392A2 EP 0060392 A2 EP0060392 A2 EP 0060392A2 EP 82101043 A EP82101043 A EP 82101043A EP 82101043 A EP82101043 A EP 82101043A EP 0060392 A2 EP0060392 A2 EP 0060392A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coin
measuring head
measuring
air gap
length
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP82101043A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0060392A3 (en
EP0060392B1 (fr
Inventor
Reynald Forster
Gernot Schneider
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sodeco Saia AG
Societe des Compteurs de Geneve SODECO
Original Assignee
Sodeco Saia AG
Societe des Compteurs de Geneve SODECO
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sodeco Saia AG, Societe des Compteurs de Geneve SODECO filed Critical Sodeco Saia AG
Priority to AT82101043T priority Critical patent/ATE17060T1/de
Publication of EP0060392A2 publication Critical patent/EP0060392A2/fr
Publication of EP0060392A3 publication Critical patent/EP0060392A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0060392B1 publication Critical patent/EP0060392B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D5/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of coins, e.g. for segregating coins which are unacceptable or alien to a currency
    • G07D5/02—Testing the dimensions, e.g. thickness, diameter; Testing the deformation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D5/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of coins, e.g. for segregating coins which are unacceptable or alien to a currency
    • G07D5/005—Testing the surface pattern, e.g. relief

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for checking coins, which contains a measuring and an evaluation device.
  • a testing and sorting device for coins in which the impedance of a winding which is exposed to an alternating current with a suitable frequency changes as soon as a coin is introduced into the interior of the winding .
  • the impedance forms a branch of an alternating current Wheatstone measuring bridge, and the device contains a control system with which the instant or the position of the coin is determined in which or in which the coin check takes place.
  • a reference impedance is used, which consists of a further winding in which a valid coin of known value is arranged in a certain spatial position.
  • the decisive factor for the coin check is therefore the overall effect of the coin on a winding impedance during a short period of the coin movement or when the coin occupies a certain spatial position.
  • a coin testing device in which the coin to be tested rolls down a ramp past three electromagnetic measuring heads, the electrically measured coil inductance values of which are affected by the rolling coins.
  • a measuring head is larger than the largest coin to be checked.
  • the measured inductance values depend on the coin diameter and the upper surface condition of the coin.
  • An inductance coil is part of an oscillating circuit which oscillates at a frequency of 1 MHz without a coin. The coin influences this oscillation frequency, and the peak frequency caused by it is compared with predetermined, statistically determined limit values.
  • the invention has for its object to refine the measurement methods mentioned and to find a device that determines the authenticity and value of a coin even if the difference between the coin to be tested and another known real coin of a given value or a very good one Counterfeit coin is extremely low.
  • the device should also be able to control the dimensions and the spatial position of a metal thread in a banknote.
  • the length L of the measuring head 3 is e.g. at least twice the width of this measuring head 3.
  • This consists of a cylindrical tube 4 made of magnetic material, slit parallel to the longitudinal axis, on which a measuring head coil 5 is wound in the longitudinal direction.
  • the longitudinal axis of the tube 4 and the rolling surface 2 of the coin 1 are arranged parallel to one another.
  • the measuring head coil 5 is arranged on the tube 4 in such a way that the magnetic flux ⁇ generated by it within the tube 4 is perpendicular to its longitudinal axis and circular within a tube cross section, for example counterclockwise the pipe center flows.
  • the lines of magnetic flux of the magnetic flux ⁇ close over the slot of the tube 4 serving as the air gap 6 and are shown in broken lines in FIG. 1b.
  • the distance of the center line of the air gap 6 to the rolling surface 2 can have any value between zero and the coin diameter D.
  • the rolling surface 2 and a sliding plane 7, which is arranged perpendicular to it and parallel to the longitudinal direction of the tube 4 and carries the measuring head 3, are preferably made of non-metallic material.
  • the coin 1 rolls on the rolling surface 2 along the air gap 6 of the tube 4. Simultaneously and due to the angle of inclination ⁇ of the sliding plane 7 with the vertical AB, the dead weight of the coin 1 presses, possibly increased by the pressure a not shown brush, the coin 1 against the sliding plane 7, so that the coin 1, in addition to its rolling movement on the rolling surface 2, also slides along this sliding plane 7.
  • the sliding plane 7 is arranged tangentially to the cylindrical tube 4 along the center line of the air gap 6.
  • the dimensions of the rectangular air gap 6, for example, are as constant as possible over the entire length of the tube 4.
  • the air gap 6 can also be designed differently depending on the desired resolution of the surface scanning of the coin 1.
  • a metal plate 8 made of magnetic or non-magnetic material can be arranged in the air gap 6 flush with its outer surface, namely parallel to its longitudinal edges and perpendicular to the magnetic flux ⁇ .
  • the outer surface of the cylindrical tube 4 can be lined with a metal surface 9 made of magnetic or non-magnetic material in the vicinity and on both sides of the air gap 6, but not entirely up to its edges, if necessary in addition to the metal plate 8.
  • the air gap 6 can also be one have a trapezoidal cross-section that widens towards the inside of the pipe. For reasons of clarity, the measuring head coil 5 was not shown in FIG. 1c.
  • the length L of the measuring head 3 is advantageously less than or equal to the sum of a coin size nD and a coin diameter D, i.e. ⁇ (n + 1) .D selected.
  • the distance between the center line of the measuring head 3 or the air gap 6 and the coin center is to be selected so that as many characteristic features of the coin surface as possible are checked and evaluated.
  • the measuring head coil 5 is fed with an alternating current of a suitable frequency, for example 50 kHz.
  • a suitable frequency for example 50 kHz.
  • the Magnetic flux ⁇ in the vicinity of the air gap 6 is influenced by the characteristics of the coin 1, for example by its surface condition, as soon as it moves in the area of the air gap 6.
  • the magnetic flux generated by the alternating current in the coin 1 exclusively causes eddy currents, the effect of which on the measuring head coil 5 in turn influences its inductance value.
  • rolling coins of both types has the consequence that the inductance value and the equivalent loss resistance value of the measuring head coil 5, and thus also the constant voltage supply, the electrical voltage across this measuring head coil 5 as a function of the coin characteristics and in particular as a function of the coin surface characteristics, such as the embossed image, changes continuously as you roll past.
  • the measuring equipment shown in Figure 2 are each composed of the measuring head 3, a signal converter 10, an AC voltage generator 11 and a demodulator 12.
  • the measuring head 3 and in FIG signal converter 10 illustrated 2a form a measuring -. Bridge, in one of which branch the measuring head coil 5 of the measuring head 3 is arranged.
  • a first pole of the measuring head coil 5, a first bridge coil 13 of the signal converter 10 and the AC voltage generator 11 are connected to one another.
  • the second pole of the measuring head coil 5 is located at the input of the demodulator 12 and at a first pole of a series circuit 14 of the signal converter 10, consisting of an adjustable second bridge coil 15 and an adjustable resistor 16.
  • the second pole of the AC voltage generator 11, the first bridge coil 13 and the series circuit 14 are interconnected.
  • a center tap of the first bridge coil 13 is connected to ground.
  • the output of the demodulator 12 forms the output of the measuring device.
  • the signal converter 10 of FIG. 2b consists of a single capacitor 17 which, together with the measuring head coil 5, results in a series resonant circuit which is generated by the AC voltage generator gate 11 is fed.
  • the common pole of the measuring head coil 5 and the capacitor 17 is connected to the input of the demodulator 12, while the other pot of the measuring head spute 5 and with it a pole of the AC voltage generator 11 is connected to ground.
  • the output of the demodulator 12 is equal to the output of the measuring device.
  • Both circuits of FIG. 2 have in common that the electrical voltage across the measuring head coil 5 has the same frequency as the current generated by the alternating voltage generator 11 and its amplitude through the variations in the inductance value and the equivalent loss resistance value of the measuring head coil 5 and thus through the characteristics of the Coin 1 is modulated.
  • This amplitude-modulated voltage is demodulated in demodulator 12, so that an analog voltage corresponding to these characteristics appears at its output.
  • the block diagram of a test device shown in FIG. 3 contains, in addition to a measuring device already shown in FIG. 2, an evaluation device 20 including the signal converter 10 and the demodulator 12.
  • the output of the demodulator 12 feeds the input of a sample / hold circuit 21 of the evaluation device 20.
  • This also contains an analog / digital converter 22, a measured value memory 23, a reference value memory 24, in which the characteristic of a reference coin is stored, a cross correlator 25, a pulse shaper 26, a time control element 27, an AND gate 28 with m inputs and an electromagnetic switch 29.
  • the analog / digital converter 22 is only required for a digital variant if the two memories 23 and 24 are digital memories, otherwise it can be omitted.
  • the AND gate 28 is designed for m measuring heads 3.
  • the AND gate 28 can be omitted.
  • the output of the sample / hold circuit 21 feeds the analog input in the digital variant of the analog / digital converter 22, while its digital output is connected to the data input of the measured value memory 23.
  • the output of the sample / hold circuit 21 is connected directly to the data input of the measured value memory 23.
  • the output of this memory feeds a first input of the cross-correlator 25 and the output of the reference value memory 24 feeds a second input of the cross-correlator 25, the output of which is connected to the input of the time control element 27 via the pulse shaper 26.
  • the remaining inputs of the AND gate 28 are connected to the outputs of the time control elements 27, which belong to the other measuring heads.
  • the output of the AND gate 28 is in the case of several measuring heads 3 to the input of the electromagnetic switch 29.
  • the electromagnetic switch 29 switches a coin channel (not shown) from a container for rejected coins to a container for accepted coins.
  • the pulse shaper 26 can e.g. a comparator can be used.
  • This is determined by the sample / hold circuit 21 n 1 sampled times, and the n 1 analog samples thus obtained are either the analog version directly into the then analog measurement value memory 23 or in the digital variant of conversion of the analog values into digital values, with With the aid of the analog / digital converter 22, it is stored in the then digital measured value memory 23.
  • the corresponding analog or digital reference values of a valid coin of known value are stored in the reference value memory 24.
  • the measured values and the reference values are now called up successively and synchronously from the associated memories, the call is repeated periodically with the same period for all measured values or reference values, and the values thus called are fed to the two inputs of the cross-correlator 25 and in them measured values and associated ones Reference values compared with each other.
  • the measured values and the reference values each represent a periodic characteristic of the period T as a function of time.
  • the use of a cross correlator 25 is also necessary, among other things, because the starting position of the coin 1 with respect to its surfaces structure when entering the measuring section is arbitrary, not always the same and in the rarest cases is identical to that of the reference coin at the time when the storage of its reference values began.
  • the cross correlator 25 determines the mathematical short-term cross correction function (1 / T) m (t) .r (t- ⁇ ) .dt, where m (t) is the time function of the measured values, r (tT) is the time function of the reference values and T is an independent variable that contains the delay time caused by the different coin starting positions.
  • the output signal of the cross-correlator 25 consists of periodic, more or less bell-shaped pulses (FIG. 4f). If, on the other hand, there is no correlation, either these impulses are missing or their amplitude is significantly weaker. If the pulse amplitude exceeds a certain value S (FIG. 4f), the pulse shaper 26 generates an ideally rectangular pulse for the duration of the exceedance. At the output of the time control element 27, however, these pulses only appear if their time interval is correct, ie if they occur with the period T. The control is carried out with the aid of the rectangular clock signal "Clock 1". These pulses, which are thus typical for a "good” signal, control the electromagnetic switch 29 which switches the coin channel from the container for invalid coins to the container for valid coins.
  • an analyzer can also be used, which can be e.g. a Fourier analysis determines and compares special features of the time functions of the measured values and the reference values.
  • measuring heads 3 are used, for example a number m, each of them requires their own measuring and evaluation device with the exception of the electromagnetic switch 29, which is common to all measuring heads 3 and is connected to the outputs of the ./. m time control elements 27 is controlled via the AND gate 28. All m measuring heads 3 are arranged spatially parallel to the rolling surface 2, for example, and all of their air gaps 6 have a different distance from the coin center, for example, to detect as many coin features as possible. The measuring heads can also be arranged on both sides of the coin channel for checking both coin surfaces. A practical value for m would be, for example, the value 3 for each coin surface.
  • each electromagnetic measuring head is arranged perpendicular to the direction of movement EF of the coin 1 and the length L of these measuring heads is chosen to be less than or equal to the largest coin diameter D.
  • the coin 1 to be checked rolls or slides past each of the measuring heads.
  • the arrangement advantageously consists of a first measuring head 3 and a second measuring head 3a.
  • the two measuring heads 3 and 3a are arranged in parallel so that their two air gaps 6 and 6a face each other on both sides of the coin channel and the coin 1 between the two measuring heads 3 and 3a glides or rolls past the two air gaps 6 and 6a in a springy manner.
  • This combination of measuring heads is advantageously located directly behind the coin insertion slot C of a coin machine. It also allows an at least approximate diameter measurement when inserting coins of different sizes.
  • the cylindrical tube 4 has been replaced by an elongated plate made of magnetic material, on which the measuring head coil 5 is wound in the longitudinal direction and perpendicular to the surface.
  • the coin 1 rolls, for example, along one of the narrow sides 30 of the plate on which a Hall element 31 of approximately the same length is fastened.
  • the longitudinal center line of the longitudinal narrow side 30 forms the center line of the measuring head 3.
  • the input of the Hall element 31 is, for example, from fed by a direct electrical current and if a magnetic field flows perpendicular to its surface, its electrical output voltage is proportional to the product of current and magnetic field. Since the coin 1 to be tested influences the magnetic field generated by the measuring head coil 5, the time function of the output voltage of the Hall element 31 contains the characteristic data of the coin 1 which it has detected and can be evaluated by means of an evaluation device 20 according to FIG. 3.
  • the direction of movement of the coin 1 can be perpendicular to the center line of the measuring head 3.
  • the movement can be rolling or sliding.
  • the electromagnetic measuring heads 3 described so far can also be replaced by the optical measuring heads 3 shown in FIG. 7.
  • Each of these optical measuring heads 3 consists of a row of k light guides, preferably of the same cross-section, all of which consist of fiber bundles or individual fibers, one end 32 of which the coin 1 rolls or slides across the light guide direction and the center of which is the center line of the measuring head Form 3, all are flush and parallel in one plane.
  • the other ends of the light guides lie alternately at the output of an optical transmitter 33 or at the input of an optical receiver 34.
  • the number k of light guides and their cross section is to be selected such that the length L of the light guide row is equal to the measuring head lengths given for FIG. 1.
  • the number of optical transmitters 33 is approximately equal to the number of optical receivers 34.
  • the light beam transmitted by the optical transmitter 33 is reflected by the rolling or sliding coin 1, its amplitude is modulated as a function of the surface structure of the coin 1 and is fed to the associated optical receiver 34 via the adjacent light guide.
  • the amplitude-modulated optical signal is converted into an amplitude-modulated electrical ./.
  • planar layered waveguides can also be used, such as those e.g. in the journal Naturwissenschaften 67, 1980, on pages 347 to 351.
  • the invention can also be used to check the position and dimensions of the metal thread in banknotes.
  • a suitable means of transport e.g. a conveyor belt is provided for transporting the banknotes along the measuring heads 3.
  • the banknote is moved perpendicular to the direction of the metal thread and the longitudinal axis of the measuring head 3 is arranged parallel to this metal thread.
  • the measuring heads e.g. their longitudinal axes are aligned in a line.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Testing Of Coins (AREA)
  • Control Of Vending Devices And Auxiliary Devices For Vending Devices (AREA)
EP82101043A 1981-03-06 1982-02-12 Dispositif d'examen de pièces de monnaie Expired EP0060392B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82101043T ATE17060T1 (de) 1981-03-06 1982-02-12 Vorrichtung zum pruefen von muenzen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH152581 1981-03-06
CH1525/81 1981-03-06

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0060392A2 true EP0060392A2 (fr) 1982-09-22
EP0060392A3 EP0060392A3 (en) 1983-06-22
EP0060392B1 EP0060392B1 (fr) 1985-12-18

Family

ID=4212478

Family Applications (1)

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EP82101043A Expired EP0060392B1 (fr) 1981-03-06 1982-02-12 Dispositif d'examen de pièces de monnaie

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EP (1) EP0060392B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE17060T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3267960D1 (fr)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1987000661A1 (fr) * 1985-07-26 1987-01-29 Autelca Ag Dispositif de controle de pieces de monnaie
EP0224946A3 (en) * 1985-11-27 1989-02-22 Standard Electric Kirk A/S Method and apparatus for identifying coins
FR2692063A1 (fr) * 1992-06-01 1993-12-10 Azkoyen Ind Sa Procédé pour le contrôle de pièces de monnaie.
US5279403A (en) * 1992-07-23 1994-01-18 Crane & Company, Inc. Microwave security thread detector
US6047808A (en) * 1996-03-07 2000-04-11 Coinstar, Inc. Coin sensing apparatus and method
US6056104A (en) * 1996-06-28 2000-05-02 Coinstar, Inc. Coin sensing apparatus and method
WO2001059714A1 (fr) * 2000-02-09 2001-08-16 Tetral Limited Dispositif de validation de pieces de monnaie
EP1511995A4 (fr) * 2002-04-19 2005-10-19 Wavbank Inc Systeme et procede de detection d'echantillons sur la base de composantes spectrales basse frequence
EP2787488A1 (fr) * 2013-04-02 2014-10-08 Ezio Panzeri Vérification de pièces de monnaie
US9036890B2 (en) 2012-06-05 2015-05-19 Outerwall Inc. Optical coin discrimination systems and methods for use with consumer-operated kiosks and the like
US9417257B2 (en) 2004-07-27 2016-08-16 Nativis, Inc. System and method for collecting, storing, processing, transmitting and presenting very low amplitude signals
US9443367B2 (en) 2014-01-17 2016-09-13 Outerwall Inc. Digital image coin discrimination for use with consumer-operated kiosks and the like
US10046172B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2018-08-14 Nativis, Inc. Controller and flexible coils for administering therapy, such as for cancer therapy

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5988348A (en) 1996-06-28 1999-11-23 Coinstar, Inc. Coin discrimination apparatus and method
US6520308B1 (en) 1996-06-28 2003-02-18 Coinstar, Inc. Coin discrimination apparatus and method
US7152727B2 (en) 2001-09-21 2006-12-26 Coinstar, Inc. Method and apparatus for coin or object sensing using adaptive operating point control
US8967361B2 (en) 2013-02-27 2015-03-03 Outerwall Inc. Coin counting and sorting machines
US9022841B2 (en) 2013-05-08 2015-05-05 Outerwall Inc. Coin counting and/or sorting machines and associated systems and methods

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US3359495A (en) * 1964-08-13 1967-12-19 Bell Inc F W Magnetic reaction testing apparatus and method of testing utilizing semiconductor means for magnetic field sensing of an eddy-current-reaction magnetic field
US3576244A (en) * 1969-01-08 1971-04-27 Vendo Co Coin acceptor having resistivity and permeability detector
DE2023076A1 (de) * 1970-05-12 1971-11-25 Lochstampfer Horst Dipl Ing Muenzmessstelle
FR2305809A1 (fr) * 1975-03-25 1976-10-22 Crouzet Sa Dispositif d'authentification de titres monetaires
US4108296A (en) * 1976-04-08 1978-08-22 Nippon Coinco Co., Ltd. Coin receiving apparatus for a vending machine
DE2724869A1 (de) * 1977-06-02 1978-12-14 Walter Hanke Mechanische Werks Beruehrungsfreier muenzpruefer
FR2408183A1 (fr) * 1977-11-03 1979-06-01 Signaux Entr Electriques Controleur de pieces metalliques, et notamment de pieces de monnaie
CH624220A5 (fr) * 1978-04-04 1981-07-15 Radioelectrique Comp Ind
GB2045498B (en) * 1979-03-30 1983-03-30 Mars Inc Coin testing apparatus
DE3065456D1 (en) * 1979-08-08 1983-12-08 Autelca Ag Coin tester for coins of varying diameters

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1987000661A1 (fr) * 1985-07-26 1987-01-29 Autelca Ag Dispositif de controle de pieces de monnaie
WO1987000662A1 (fr) * 1985-07-26 1987-01-29 Autelca Ag Dispositif de controle de pieces de monnaie
US4819780A (en) * 1985-07-26 1989-04-11 Autelca Ag. Device for verifying coins
EP0224946A3 (en) * 1985-11-27 1989-02-22 Standard Electric Kirk A/S Method and apparatus for identifying coins
FR2692063A1 (fr) * 1992-06-01 1993-12-10 Azkoyen Ind Sa Procédé pour le contrôle de pièces de monnaie.
US5279403A (en) * 1992-07-23 1994-01-18 Crane & Company, Inc. Microwave security thread detector
US6047808A (en) * 1996-03-07 2000-04-11 Coinstar, Inc. Coin sensing apparatus and method
US6056104A (en) * 1996-06-28 2000-05-02 Coinstar, Inc. Coin sensing apparatus and method
WO2001059714A1 (fr) * 2000-02-09 2001-08-16 Tetral Limited Dispositif de validation de pieces de monnaie
US7243772B2 (en) 2000-02-09 2007-07-17 Marconi Uk Intellectual Property Ltd. Coin-validation arrangement
EP1511995A4 (fr) * 2002-04-19 2005-10-19 Wavbank Inc Systeme et procede de detection d'echantillons sur la base de composantes spectrales basse frequence
US7412340B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2008-08-12 Nativis, Inc. System and method for sample detection based on low-frequency spectral components
US9417257B2 (en) 2004-07-27 2016-08-16 Nativis, Inc. System and method for collecting, storing, processing, transmitting and presenting very low amplitude signals
US9036890B2 (en) 2012-06-05 2015-05-19 Outerwall Inc. Optical coin discrimination systems and methods for use with consumer-operated kiosks and the like
US10046172B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2018-08-14 Nativis, Inc. Controller and flexible coils for administering therapy, such as for cancer therapy
US11103721B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2021-08-31 Natives, Inc. Controller and flexible coils for administering therapy, such as for cancer therapy
EP2787488A1 (fr) * 2013-04-02 2014-10-08 Ezio Panzeri Vérification de pièces de monnaie
WO2014161893A1 (fr) * 2013-04-02 2014-10-09 Az Fourthstrings Limited Vérification des pièces de monnaie
US9443367B2 (en) 2014-01-17 2016-09-13 Outerwall Inc. Digital image coin discrimination for use with consumer-operated kiosks and the like

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3267960D1 (en) 1986-01-30
ATE17060T1 (de) 1986-01-15
EP0060392A3 (en) 1983-06-22
EP0060392B1 (fr) 1985-12-18

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