EP0065321B1 - Goldfarbener Münzwerkstoff - Google Patents

Goldfarbener Münzwerkstoff Download PDF

Info

Publication number: EP0065321B1
Authority: EP; European Patent Office
Prior art keywords: coins; alloy; color; gold; copper
Prior art date: 1981-04-23
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Expired

Application number

EP82200367A

Other languages

German (de)

English (en)

French (fr)

Other versions

EP0065321A1 (de

Inventor

Bruno Dr. Prinz

Manfred B. Dr. Rockel

Günther Dr. Rudolph

Ulrich Dr. Heubner

Hugo Zoebe

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

VDM Nickel Technologie AG

Original Assignee

Vereinigte Deutsche Metallwerke AG

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1981-04-23

Filing date

1982-03-25

Publication date

1985-08-07

Family has litigation

First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=6130663&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0065321(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

1982-03-25 Application filed by Vereinigte Deutsche Metallwerke AG filed Critical Vereinigte Deutsche Metallwerke AG

1982-03-25 Priority to AT82200367T priority Critical patent/ATE14753T1/de

1982-11-24 Publication of EP0065321A1 publication Critical patent/EP0065321A1/de

1985-08-07 Application granted granted Critical

1985-08-07 Publication of EP0065321B1 publication Critical patent/EP0065321B1/de

Status Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 7
229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 7
239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 title description 7
PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 2
PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
238000005494 tarnishing Methods 0.000 claims 1
238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 abstract 2
239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 4
229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
-1 unavoidable Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
206010013786 Dry skin Diseases 0.000 description 1
240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
235000019646 color tone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 description 1
238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 1
230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
229910001112 rose gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1

Images

Classifications

- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/01—Alloys based on copper with aluminium as the next major constituent
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/06—Alloys based on copper with nickel or cobalt as the next major constituent
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12903—Cu-base component
- Y10T428/1291—Next to Co-, Cu-, or Ni-base component

Definitions

the invention relates to the use of a copper-based alloy with 4 to 6% nickel, 4 to 6% aluminum, 0.5 to 1.8% iron and 0.3 to 1.5% manganese, the rest copper including unavoidable, production-related impurities, as a material for the production of coins or the like, which must have a golden color and high tarnish resistance.
the coin authorities are therefore considering switching to newer, higher value coins from smaller pieces and distinguishing them from the existing highest value coins of the system by a different coin color.
Gold shades are particularly suitable for this because they combine certain values and most of the coins in circulation - at least the higher-quality ones - have silver shades.
Coin materials with gold-like colors are known and some have already been used. Almost without exception, these are copper-based alloys, e.g. B. with 25% zinc, with 20% zinc and 1% nickel, with 5 to 6% aluminum and 2% nickel or with 2% aluminum and 6% nickel.
all these materials have the disadvantage that they lose their originally brilliant appearance relatively quickly in use and assume a matt and more brownish color. This disadvantage is accepted in the case of coins of low value. For higher-value coins, such a discoloration that arises soon after use is not acceptable. For this reason, silver-colored materials, preferably nickel or alloys with a relatively high nickel content, have been used for higher-value coins.
GB-A-401 313 has also disclosed a method for producing metallic articles whose surfaces have patterns or lettering, such as coins, medals or tokens.
a hardenable copper alloy with 0.5 to 5% aluminum and a nickel content that is 3 to 4 times as large as the aluminum content is to be used to punch and stamp the metallic articles in the soft state of the alloy and to achieve the required hardness sufficient time to be treated at 300 to 600 ° C.
This alloy should preferably have 1 to 3% aluminum. It is therefore of the CuNi6A12 type mentioned above, which has only a relatively poor tarnish resistance (see Table 1). In addition, care must be taken with this material to ensure that the composition and the annealing treatment are adhered to precisely, because otherwise a uniform color of the surface cannot be maintained.
this object can be achieved if, as a material for the production of coins or the like, a copper-based alloy with 4 to 6% nickel, 4 to 6% aluminum, 0.5 to 1.8% iron, 0.3 to 1.5% manganese, remainder copper including unavoidable, manufacturing-related impurities.
This copper-based alloy can also be used as a plating material for producing coins or the like, which have a core layer made of another metal, preferably nickel.
test duration was 20 days.
the samples were then removed and assessed individually and separately for each test medium visually according to a point system with the marks 1 to 5, 1 meaning very good tarnish resistance and 5 very poor tarnish resistance with a strongly tarnished surface.
samples 1 to 4 have an overall rating between 19 and 24, sample 5, i. H. the copper base alloy to be used according to the invention with a total value of 15 is significantly lower. From the point of view of tarnish resistance, it is therefore clearly superior to all copper-based alloys previously used as coin materials.
the gold color tones were determined by determining color measures according to DIN 5033 and measures according to the color system DIN 6164 from the spectral reflectance.
the hue T, the saturation level S and the darkness level D in the form of the "color symbol (T: S: D) as a measure according to the color system DIN 6164 for the copper alloys examined are summarized in Table 2:
the alloy CuNi5A15Fel, 2Mn0.8 is superior in its color saturation to the alloy CuNi6Ai2 (i.e. has a smaller distance from the saturations of the DIN gold colors) and that its color lies between red gold and the gold color green-yellow.
the copper alloy according to the invention is outstandingly suitable for the production of a layered coin material with an inner core made of nickel, which is required for the production of automatic coin rings, because the nickel content, even with a core thickness of 7% nickel, recycles during processing. Return scrap resulting from punch roundels is easily permitted.

Landscapes

Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Materials Engineering (AREA)
Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
Metallurgy (AREA)
Organic Chemistry (AREA)
Adornments (AREA)
Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Chemically Coating (AREA)
Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
Control Of Vending Devices And Auxiliary Devices For Vending Devices (AREA)
Conductive Materials (AREA)
Continuous Casting (AREA)
Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
Seeds, Soups, And Other Foods (AREA)

EP82200367A 1981-04-23 1982-03-25 Goldfarbener Münzwerkstoff Expired EP0065321B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
AT82200367T ATE14753T1 (de)	1981-04-23	1982-03-25	Goldfarbener muenzwerkstoff.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
DE3116135		1981-04-23
DE3116135A DE3116135C2 (de)	1981-04-23	1981-04-23	Verwendung einer Kupferlegierung als Werkstoff für goldfarbene Münzen

Publications (2)

Publication Number	Publication Date
EP0065321A1 EP0065321A1 (de)	1982-11-24
EP0065321B1 true EP0065321B1 (de)	1985-08-07

Family

ID=6130663

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
EP82200367A Expired EP0065321B1 (de)	1981-04-23	1982-03-25	Goldfarbener Münzwerkstoff

Country Status (12)

Country	Link
US (1)	US4401488A (da)
EP (1)	EP0065321B1 (da)
JP (1)	JPS57181351A (da)
KR (1)	KR890005127B1 (da)
AT (1)	ATE14753T1 (da)
CA (1)	CA1209828A (da)
DE (2)	DE3116135C2 (da)
DK (1)	DK157620C (da)
ES (2)	ES511623A0 (da)
FI (1)	FI69487C (da)
MX (1)	MX163734B (da)
NO (1)	NO155448C (da)

Families Citing this family (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US4494461A (en) *	1982-01-06	1985-01-22	Olin Corporation	Method and apparatus for forming a thixoforged copper base alloy cartridge casing
US4638535A (en) *	1982-01-06	1987-01-27	Olin Corporation	Apparatus for forming a thixoforged copper base alloy cartridge casing
US4537242A (en) *	1982-01-06	1985-08-27	Olin Corporation	Method and apparatus for forming a thixoforged copper base alloy cartridge casing
US4594117A (en) *	1982-01-06	1986-06-10	Olin Corporation	Copper base alloy for forging from a semi-solid slurry condition
GB8305610D0 (en) *	1983-03-01	1983-03-30	Imi Kynoch Ltd	Alloy
US4661178A (en) *	1984-04-11	1987-04-28	Olin Corporation	Beta copper base alloy adapted to be formed as a semi-solid metal slurry and a process for making same
US4569702A (en) *	1984-04-11	1986-02-11	Olin Corporation	Copper base alloy adapted to be formed as a semi-solid metal slurry
US4585494A (en) *	1984-04-11	1986-04-29	Olin Corporation	Beta copper base alloy adapted to be formed as a semi-solid metal slurry and a process for making same
CA1219708A (en) *	1984-05-01	1987-03-31	Michael J.H. Ruscoe	Aureate coins, medallions and tokens
US4589938A (en) *	1984-07-16	1986-05-20	Revere Copper And Brass Incorporated	Single phase copper-nickel-aluminum-alloys
JPS62142735A (ja) *	1985-11-28	1987-06-26	Mitsubishi Metal Corp	耐食性Ｃｕ合金
US4715910A (en) *	1986-07-07	1987-12-29	Olin Corporation	Low cost connector alloy
JPH01290727A (ja) *	1988-05-16	1989-11-22	Seiichi Izutsuya	模造ゴールド
US5122173A (en) *	1991-02-05	1992-06-16	Air Products And Chemicals, Inc.	Cryogenic production of krypton and xenon from air
US5067976A (en) *	1991-02-05	1991-11-26	Air Products And Chemicals, Inc.	Cryogenic process for the production of an oxygen-free and methane-free, krypton/xenon product
KR950011840B1 (ko) *	1991-03-27	1995-10-11	아사히 세이꼬 가부시끼 가이샤	코인 선별 방법 및 코인 선별 장치
US5312696A (en) *	1991-09-16	1994-05-17	United Technologies Corporation	Method for reducing fretting wear between contacting surfaces
US5472796A (en) *	1995-01-13	1995-12-05	Olin Corporation	Copper alloy clad for coinage
US6089828A (en) *	1998-02-26	2000-07-18	United Technologies Corporation	Coated article and method for inhibiting frictional wear between mating titanium alloy substrates in a gas turbine engine
DE20006294U1 (de)	1999-05-05	2000-08-31	Olin Corporation, Norwalk, Conn.	Kupferlegierung mit goldenem Erscheinungsbild
US6656606B1 (en)	2000-08-17	2003-12-02	The Westaim Corporation	Electroplated aluminum parts and process of production
US6383657B1 (en)	2000-12-18	2002-05-07	Alltrista Zinc Products	Aluminum clad zinc bimetallic coin planchet
AU2002354119A1 (en) *	2002-03-04	2003-09-16	Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.	Optical head and optical recording/reproducing device using it, and aberration correction method
US7296370B2 (en) *	2004-09-24	2007-11-20	Jarden Zinc Products, Inc.	Electroplated metals with silvery-white appearance and method of making
JP2007138200A (ja) *	2005-11-15	2007-06-07	Kitamura Shoji:Kk	遊技用コイン
AU2009202339C1 (en)	2008-06-13	2012-03-22	Monnaie Royale Canadienne/ Royal Canadian Mint	Control of electromagnetic signals of coins by multi-ply plating technology
JP5757318B2 (ja) *	2013-11-06	2015-07-29	三菱マテリアル株式会社	保護膜形成用スパッタリングターゲットおよび積層配線膜
CN111688301A (zh) *	2020-06-12	2020-09-22	上海龙缘纪念币制造有限公司	一种超薄高浮雕铝基复合金箔产品及其加工工艺

Citations (2)

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Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US1916602A (en) *	1933-02-20	1933-07-04	William J Braddock	Acid resisting alloy
JPS5248929A (en) *	1975-10-17	1977-04-19	Hitachi Ltd	Enlarged character correction system

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FR530585A (fr) *	1921-02-07	1921-12-26	Mitsubishi Zosen Kaisha Ltd	Perfectionnements aux alliages
GB401313A (en) *	1932-05-03	1933-11-03	Henry Winder Brownsdon	Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of metal articles
US2031315A (en) *	1933-08-05	1936-02-18	American Brass Co	Copper base alloy
FR1318631A (fr) *	1961-11-22	1963-02-22		Procédé pour la production d'alliages métalliques remarquablement amagnétiques, inattaquables par les sels et les acides, brillants et durs et alliages ainsi obtenus
JPS513314A (en) *	1974-06-29	1976-01-12	Tsuneaki Mikawa	Taishokusei sekishutsukokaseidogokin
GB1554843A (en) *	1978-03-13	1979-10-31	Swinburne & Sons Ltd M W	Golf clubs
US4292377A (en) *	1980-01-25	1981-09-29	The International Nickel Co., Inc.	Gold colored laminated composite material having magnetic properties
US4330599A (en) *	1980-06-09	1982-05-18	Olin Corporation	Composite material

1981
- 1981-04-23 DE DE3116135A patent/DE3116135C2/de not_active Expired
1982
- 1982-03-25 DE DE8282200367T patent/DE3265160D1/de not_active Expired
- 1982-03-25 EP EP82200367A patent/EP0065321B1/de not_active Expired
- 1982-03-25 AT AT82200367T patent/ATE14753T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-04-06 FI FI821219A patent/FI69487C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-04-06 NO NO821161A patent/NO155448C/no unknown
- 1982-04-21 MX MX192350A patent/MX163734B/es unknown
- 1982-04-22 ES ES511623A patent/ES511623A0/es active Granted
- 1982-04-22 DK DK179482A patent/DK157620C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-04-22 CA CA000401461A patent/CA1209828A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-04-22 US US06/370,691 patent/US4401488A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1982-04-22 KR KR8201777A patent/KR890005127B1/ko not_active Expired
- 1982-04-23 JP JP57069439A patent/JPS57181351A/ja active Pending
1983
- 1983-12-16 ES ES528125A patent/ES528125A0/es active Granted

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US1916602A (en) *	1933-02-20	1933-07-04	William J Braddock	Acid resisting alloy
JPS5248929A (en) *	1975-10-17	1977-04-19	Hitachi Ltd	Enlarged character correction system

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"Metallurgia and Metal Forming, June 1975, p. 170 to 176 *
5th Int. Symposium on Fresh Water from the Sea, Vol. 1, 1976, pages 403-421 *

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
NO821161L (no)	1982-10-25
MX163734B (es)	1992-06-17
FI69487B (fi)	1985-10-31
DK157620C (da)	1990-06-18
ES8500338A1 (es)	1984-10-16
US4401488A (en)	1983-08-30
NO155448C (no)	1987-04-01
CA1209828A (en)	1986-08-19
JPS57181351A (en)	1982-11-08
EP0065321A1 (de)	1982-11-24
DK179482A (da)	1982-10-24
DE3116135C2 (de)	1983-02-10
ES8406561A1 (es)	1984-08-01
DK157620B (da)	1990-01-29
KR890005127B1 (ko)	1989-12-11
FI821219A0 (fi)	1982-04-06
ES511623A0 (es)	1984-10-16
NO155448B (no)	1986-12-22
KR830010216A (ko)	1983-12-26
DE3116135A1 (de)	1982-12-02
ES528125A0 (es)	1984-08-01
FI69487C (fi)	1986-02-10
ATE14753T1 (de)	1985-08-15
DE3265160D1 (en)	1985-09-12
FI821219L (fi)	1982-10-24

Legal Events

Date	Code	Title	Description
1982-09-24	PUAI	Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase	Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012
1982-11-24	AK	Designated contracting states	Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT SE
1983-05-11	17P	Request for examination filed	Effective date: 19830301
1985-04-16	ITF	It: translation for a ep patent filed
1985-06-08	GRAA	(expected) grant	Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210
1985-08-07	AK	Designated contracting states	Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI SE
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1985-12-06	ET	Fr: translation filed
1986-05-14	PLBI	Opposition filed	Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009260
1986-07-02	26	Opposition filed	Opponent name: KABEL- UND METALLWERKE GUTEHOFFNUNGSHUETTE AKTIEN Effective date: 19860506
1986-12-18	PLAB	Opposition data, opponent's data or that of the opponent's representative modified	Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009299OPPO
1987-02-04	R26	Opposition filed (corrected)	Opponent name: KABEL- UND METALLWERKE GUTEHOFFNUNGSHUETTE AKTIEN Effective date: 19860506
1987-10-19	PLAB	Opposition data, opponent's data or that of the opponent's representative modified	Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009299OPPO
1987-12-09	R26	Opposition filed (corrected)	Opponent name: KABEL- UND METALLWERKE GUTEHOFFNUNGSHUETTE AKTIEN Effective date: 19860506
1988-07-13	PLBN	Opposition rejected	Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009273
1988-07-13	STAA	Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent	Free format text: STATUS: OPPOSITION REJECTED
1988-08-31	27O	Opposition rejected	Effective date: 19880329
1989-07-14	REG	Reference to a national code	Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PUE Owner name: VDM NICKEL-TECHNOLOGIE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PFA Free format text: MG VERMOEGENSVERWALTUNGS- AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT
1989-09-01	REG	Reference to a national code	Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: CD Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: TP
1989-12-31	BECH	Be: change of holder	Free format text: 890424 *VDM NICKEL TECHNOLOGIE A.G.
1990-01-16	ITPR	It: changes in ownership of a european patent	Owner name: CESSIONE;VDM NICKEL - TECHNOLOGIE AG
1990-02-07	REG	Reference to a national code	Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: 732
1991-03-31	ITTA	It: last paid annual fee
1994-03-04	PGFP	Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]	Ref country code: SE Payment date: 19940304 Year of fee payment: 13
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