Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/285—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acid amides or imides

Definitions

• R 1 represents hydrogen, C 1 -C 18 alkyl, or substituted C l -C 18 alkyl wherein the substituents are hydroxy, C l -C 8 alkoxy, C l -C 8 alkylamino, or di(C l -C 8 alkyl)amino
• R 2 represents C l -C 4 alkyl and hydrogen.
• the segmented copolymers of the invention which may be a graft or a block copolymer, or a mixture of both, generally produce more flexible films, especially at low relative humidities, and impart better abrasion resistance to warp yarns than random copolymers, or a mixture of a random copolymer and homopolymers having an identical monomer composition as the segmented copolymer.
• a blended mixture of a random copolymer of acrylamide and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, poly(n-butyl acrylate), and polyacrylamide does not perform as well as a segmented copolymer, having an identical monomer composition, in terms of both film flexibility and abrasion resistance.
• composition to be applied in the segmented copolymer process of this invention 30-99% by weight of acrylamide, and about 0-20% by weight of a polymerizable monomer of formula ' (I), or mixture of these monomers, is polymerized randomly in an aqueous medium, under an inert atmosphere, in the presence of a surface-active agent and a catalytic amount of a free-radical source, such as ammonium persulfate, ammonium persulfate and sodium bisulfite, and the like.
• a surface-active agent and a catalytic amount of a free-radical source such as ammonium persulfate, ammonium persulfate and sodium bisulfite, and the like.
• a second charge ot 1-20% by weight of a polymerizable monomer, or mixture ot monomers, of formula (I), based on the total weight of polymer, is added from 5 minutes to 5 hours after the addition of the catalyst, and the reaction mixture is stirred for 10-60 minutes.
• the second charge is added at the peak of the ensuing exotherm, after the addition of the catalyst, when very little monomer remains.
• 1-30% by weight of a water-soluble vinylic monomer, such as acrylamide, acrylic acid, or methacrylic acid, based on the total weight of polymer may be added as a.third charge.
• the reaction mixture is stirred under the inert atmosphere until the copolymerization is essentially completed.
• the product is a semi-viscous solution that can be applied directly to the textile substrate.
• Suitable polymerizable monomers of formula (I) include the following:
• the preferred comonomers are n-butyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.
• starch or other sizes may be blended with the product and other conventional additives, such as plasticizers, may be added to the solution before application.
• plasticizers include glycerol, ethanolamine, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, urea, sugar, sorbitol, and the like.
• acrylamide and about 1-40%, preferably about 5-20%, by weight of a polymerizable vinyl, or vinylidene monomer, or mixture of monomers, based on the weight of acrylamide are copolymerized in an aqueous medium, under an inert atmosphere, in the presence of a surface-active agent and a catalytic amount of a free-radical source such as ammonium persulfate, ammonium persulfate and sodium bisulfite, and the like.
• the reaction mixture is stirred under the inert atmosphere until the copolymerization is essentially completed.
• the product is a semi-viscous solution that can be applied directly to the textile substrate.
• starch or other sizes may be blended with the product, and other conventional additives, such as plasticizers, may be added to the solution before application.
• plasticizers include glycerol, ethanolamine, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, urea, sugar, sorbitol, and the like.
• Suitable vinyl and vinylidene comonomers include the same polymerizable monomers of formula I, listed, above.
• the preferred comonomer for the copolymer process is a C 4 -C 18 alkyl acrylate or methacrylate.
• the application of the sizing composition to the textile material may be by padding (conventional, or high pressure), foaming, spraying, knife-coating, and the like, to deposit thereon about 3-15%, preferably 6-12%, by weight of real solids from the aforementioned reaction mixture.
• Suitable textile materials include filaments, spun yarns, or fabrics of natural or synthetic fibers, or blends thereof.
• the preferred substrate material is cotton, or cotton/polyester warp yarn.
• the treated textile substrate is then dried by heating at 80-120°C for a period of about 15 to 0.25 minutes, preferably at 95-105°C for a period of about 2. to 0.5 minutes.
• the treated substrate may be dried at a lower temperature, such as by standing at room temperature until dry.
• the process of this invention produces a size coating on the textile substrate which is characterized by easy removal by subsequent washing.
• the treated textile substrate is characterized by excellent abrasion resistance.
• a mixture of 152 grams of an aqueous solution of acrylamide (50% real solids), 4.0 grams of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 1.0 gram of AEROSOL® OT-75% (American Cyanamid Company), and 272 grams of water is stirred under nitrogen for 20 minutes at 30-35°C. Solutions of 0.4 gram of ammonium persulfate in 5 grams of water, and 0.4 gram of sodium metabisulfite in 5 grams of water are added thereto and the temperature is allowed to rise spontaneously. At the peak of the resulting exotherm, 10 grams of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate is added. The reaction mixture is stirred for one hour, and then cooled to 25 0 C to obtain a solution having a viscosity of 340 centipoises, and a polymer content of 20% by weight.
• a mixture of 174.7 grams of an aqueous solution of acrylamide (50% real solids), 3.5 grams of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 1.2 grams of AEROSOL° OT-75%, and 194 grams of water is stirred under nitrogen for 20 minutes at 30-35°C. Solutions of 0.5 gram of ammonium persulfate in 6 grams of water, and 0.5 gram of sodium metabisulfite in 6 grams of water are added thereto and the temperature is allowed to rise spontaneously. At the peak of the exotherm, 9.2 grams of n-butyl acrylate is added. The reaction mixture is stirred for one and a half hours, then.cooled to 25 0 C to obtain a solution having a viscosity of 600 centipoises, and a polymer content of 25% by weight.
• a mixture of 152 grams of an aqueous solution of acrylamide (50% real solids), 4.0 grams of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 1.0 grams of AEROSOL® OT-75%, and 332 grams of water is stirred under nitrogen for -20 minutes at 30-35°C. Solutions of 0.4 gram of ammonium persulfate in 5 grams of water, and 0.4 gram of sodium metabisulfite in 5 grams of water are added thereto and the temperature is allowed to rise spontaneously. At the peak of the exotherm, 10 grams of styrene is added. The mixture is stirred for 30 minutes, and 40 grams of 50% aqueous acrylamide is then added thereto. After one hour of continued stirring, the reaction mixture is cooled to 25°C to obtain a solution having a viscosity of 400 centipoises and a polymer content of 20% by weight.
• a mixture of 152 grams of an aqueous solution of acrylamide (50% real solids), 4.0 grams of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 1.0 gram of AEROSOL® OT-75%, and 260 grams of water is stirred under nitrogen for 20 minutes at 30-35°C. Solutions of 0.4 gram of ammonium persulfate in 5 grams of water, and 0.4 gram of sodium metabisulfite in 5 grams of water are added thereto, and the temperature is allowed to rise spontaneously. At the peak of the exotherm, 10 grams of n-butyl acrylate is added. The reaction mixture is stirred for 30 minutes, and 10 grams of acrylic acid is then added to the reaction mixture. After one hour of continued stirring, the reaction mixture is cooled to 25 0 C to obtain a solution having a viscosity of 220 centipoises and a polymer content of 20% by weight.
• a mixture of 2165 grams of an aqueous solution of acrylamide (50% real solids), 32.7 grams of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 8.2 grams of AEROSOL® OT-75%, and 500 grams of water is stirred under nitrogen for 20 minutes at 20-25 0 C. Solutions of 2.9 grams of ammonium persulfate in 43 grams of water, and 2.9 grams of sodium metabisulfite in 43 grams of water are added thereto, and the temperature is allowed to rise spontaneously. At the peak of the exotherm, 81.8 grams of n-butyl acrylate is added. The reaction mixture is stirred for 20 minutes, and 327 grams of 50% aqueous acrylamide is then added. After one hour of continued stirring, the reaction mixture is cooled to 25°C to obtain a solution having a viscosity of 720 centipoises, and a polymer content of 20% by weight.
• a mixture of 152 grams of an aqueous solution of acrylamide (50% real solids), 4.0 grams of n-butyl acrylate, 1.0 gram of AEROSOL® OT-75%, and 332 grams of water is stirred under nitrogen for 20 minutes at 30-35°C. Solutions of 0.6 gram of ammonium persulfate in 5 grams of water, and 0.6 gram of sodium metabisulfite in 5 grams of water are added thereto and the temperature is allowed to rise spontaneously. At the peak of the exotherm, 10 grams of n-butyl acrylate is added. The reaction mixture is stirred for 20 minutes, and 40 grams of 50% aqueous acrylamide is then added. After one hour of continued stirring, the reaction mixture is cooled to 25°C to obtain a solution having a viscosity of 720 centipoises, and a polymer content of 20% by weight.
• the solutions from Examples 1-6 are diluted with water to obtain a polymer content of 10% by weight and applied separately, by padding, to single-end 100% cotton yarns to obtain a 60% pickup based on the weight of the untreated yarn.
• the treated yarns are dried at 105 0 C for one minute and tested for abrasion resistance using a modified Stoll flex abrader. In this test five strands of the treated yarns are attached to a Stoll flex abrader so that all are flexed over a stainless steel blade at a 90°.angle using an attached 20-gram weight as a pulling force.
• the motor is started and the number of cycles needed to break each yarn is determined. This procedure is repeated three times for similarly treated yarns and an average is taken. The larger the number of cycles, the better the abrasion resistance imparted to the yarn.
• Example 14 Comparison of the results obtained in Example 14 and 15 with that obtained in Example 11 shows that superior abrasion resistance is obtained with the segmented copolymer of Example 5.
• the diluted mixture is heated to 70°C to initiate polymerization. The heating is discontinued when the temperature reaches 85 0 C.
• the mixture is then stirred at 35-40 0 C for 2 hours and cooled to room temperature.
• the final solution has a viscosity of 1875 centipoises.
• a mixture of 240 grams of an aqueous solution of acrylamide (50% real solids), 6.0 grams of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 0.3 gram of ammonium persulfate, 2.0 grams of DECERESOL ® Surfactant NI Conc., 6.0 grams of isopropanol, and 473.7 grams of water is mixed under nitrogen, and heated to 70°C. The temperature is allowed to rise to 92 0 C. and then maintained at 85-90 0 C for one hour while stirring the reaction mixture. The mixture is then cooled to room temperature to obtain a solution having a viscosity of 640 centipoises.
• a mixture of 240 grams of acrylamide (50% real), 6.0 grams of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 6.0 grams of methyl methacrylate, 0.3 gram of ammonium persulfate, 2.0 grams of DECERESOL Surfactant NI Conc., 4.0 grams of isopropanol, and 527.7 grams of water is mixed under nitrogen, and heated to 70 0 C. The temperature is allowed to rise to 93 0 C and then maintained at 87-93 0 C for 2 hours while stirring the reaction mixture. The mixture is then cooled to room temperature to obtain a solution having a viscosity of 600 centipoises.
• a mixture of 152 grams of an aqueous solution of acrylamide (50% real solids), 4.0 grams of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 1.5 grams of AEROSOL O OT-75%, and 232.4 grams of water is stirred under nitrogen for 20 minutes at ambient temperature. Solutions of 0.3 gram of ammonium persulfate in 5 grams of water, and 0.3 gram of sodium bisulfite in 5 grams of water are added thereto and the temperature is allowed to rise spontaneously. The reaction mixture is stirred for one hour, then cooled to 25 0 C to obtain a solution having a viscosity of 540 centipoises.
• a mixture of 1.5 grams of AEROSOL® OT-75% and 237.3 grams of water is heated to dissolve the surfactant, then cooled to room temperature.
• the solution is stirred under nitrogen and 120 grams of an aqueous solution of acrylamide (50% real solids), 4.0 grams of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, and 16.2 grams of acrylic acid are added thereto.
• Solutions of 0.5 gram of ammonium persulfate in 10 grams of water, and 0.5 gram of sodium metabisulfite in 10 grams of water, are added thereto while allowing the temperature to rise.
• the reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature to obtain a solution having a viscosity of 620 centipoises, and a pH of 2.5. Before application the pH of the material is adjusted to 5-7 with sodium hydroxide.
• the solutions from Examples 16-20 are diluted with water to obtain a solids content of 7.5% by weight and applied separately, by padding, to single-end 100% cotton yarns to obtain an 80% wet pickup based on the weight of the untreated yarn.
• Solutions containing 7.5% by weight of polyacrylamide in water, and starch in water, are also prepared and applied to single-end 100% cotton yarns in a similar manner.
• the treated yarns are dried at 105 0 C for one minute and tested for abrasion resistance using a modified Stoll flex abrader. In this test five strands of the treated yarns are attached to a Stoll flex brader so that all are flexed over a stainless steel blade at 90 0 angle using an attached 20-gram weight as a pulling force.
• the motor is started and the number of cycles needed to break each yarn is determined. This procedure is repeated three times for similarly- treated yarns and an average is taken. The larger the average, the better the abrasion resistance imparted to the yard.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

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• 1982
  • 1982-04-22 CA CA000401465A patent/CA1178003A/en not_active Expired
  • 1982-04-22 DE DE8282103397T patent/DE3277539D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1982-04-22 EP EP19820103397 patent/EP0066078B1/de not_active Expired
  • 1982-05-19 BR BR8202900A patent/BR8202900A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1982-06-01 MX MX19296082A patent/MX159154A/es unknown

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