EP0067076B1 - Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung in wässriger Umgebung von Latex oder analoge Zusammensetzungen und/oder Phenoplaste oder Aminoplaste enthaltenden Faserbahnen, die so hergestellten Bahnen und ihre mögliche Wiederverwendung - Google Patents
Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung in wässriger Umgebung von Latex oder analoge Zusammensetzungen und/oder Phenoplaste oder Aminoplaste enthaltenden Faserbahnen, die so hergestellten Bahnen und ihre mögliche Wiederverwendung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0067076B1 EP0067076B1 EP82400654A EP82400654A EP0067076B1 EP 0067076 B1 EP0067076 B1 EP 0067076B1 EP 82400654 A EP82400654 A EP 82400654A EP 82400654 A EP82400654 A EP 82400654A EP 0067076 B1 EP0067076 B1 EP 0067076B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- latex
- process according
- fibrous
- fibrous materials
- paper
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/46—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/47—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones
- D21H17/48—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/35—Polyalkenes, e.g. polystyrene
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/37—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. polyacrylates
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/46—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/47—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones
- D21H17/49—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with compounds containing hydrogen bound to nitrogen
- D21H17/50—Acyclic compounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/46—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/47—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones
- D21H17/49—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with compounds containing hydrogen bound to nitrogen
- D21H17/51—Triazines, e.g. melamine
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
- D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
- D21H23/04—Addition to the pulp; After-treatment of added substances in the pulp
- D21H23/06—Controlling the addition
- D21H23/08—Controlling the addition by measuring pulp properties, e.g. zeta potential, pH
- D21H23/10—Controlling the addition by measuring pulp properties, e.g. zeta potential, pH at least two kinds of compounds being added
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a new process for the continuous production in an aqueous medium of sheets of fibrous materials - and in particular paper - containing latex in their mass.
- the invention also relates to the sheets of fibrous material which can be obtained using this method.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a new process for the continuous production of this latex-containing fibrous material, which better meets the needs of the practice than the methods aiming at the same object previously known, in particular in that it not only eliminates a whole series of coating steps by making paper from fibrous materials containing latex perfectly bonded to the fibers, but also to obtain paper that is perfectly homogeneous, more homogeneous and more resistant than that obtained by previously known methods.
- the fibrous material can consist of paper pulp and / or glass fibers and / or synthetic fibers and / or textile fibers.
- the process described in the present invention is more particularly suitable for the production of papers whatever the starting paper pulp: mechanical pulp, semi-chemical pulp, chemical pulp, unbleached chemical pulp, bleached chemical pulp, soda pulp, sulphate paste, kraft paste, bisulfite paste, rag paste, macerated straw paste, leached straw paste, etc.
- the polyelectrolyte used is a high molecular weight polyelectrolyte, greater than 15,000, with a strong positive potential.
- the latex used is natural latex.
- the latex used is an artificial latex (chlorobutadiene polymer or acrylic latex in particular).
- the latex solution used has a solids content of between 5 and 50%, and preferably between 7 and 75%, its viscosity (Brookfield) is between 30 and 650 centipoises at 25 °, and the amount of latex is between 3 and 75% (in dry product) relative to the total dry weight of fibrous materials).
- the diameter of the divided latex particles is between 0.01 and 0.5 ⁇ . and preferably between 0.1 and 0.2u ..
- the polyelectrolyte solution used has a solids content of between 0.2 and 10%, and the amount introduced into the suspension of fibrous materials is between 0.1 and 3.5% of the dry product relative to the total dry weight of the latex for the first addition and between 0.1 and 2% of the dry product relative to the total dry weight of fibrous materials, for the second addition.
- the antifoam solution has a solids content of between 2 and 20%, and the amount added to the total mixture is between 0.05% and 0.25% of the total dry weight of fibrous materials.
- the pH is adjusted using hydrochloric acid and / or sulfuric acid and / or alumina sulfate.
- the solution of phenolic resin has a content of approximately 50 to 85% in solid matter, a viscosity (Brookfield) of between 5,500 and 7,000 centipoise, and the amount added to the mixture (in dry product) is between 0.01 and 50% relative to the total dry weight of the fibrous materials.
- the fibrous material also contains in its mass, dyes and pigments and / or fungicides and / or insecticides and / or flame retardants and / or bonding agents and / or an inert mineral filler.
- the fibrous material used is a fibrous material based on pulp recycled from waste paper
- the added latex consists of a mixture of ethylacrylate and acrylonitrile copolymers and its proportion relative to the dry weight of the materials fibrous is between 40 and 55%.
- the layer of non-stick material is formed by an aqueous suspension of carboxymethylcellulose with a content of between 0.01 and 10% and brought for 5 to 25 minutes at 90-95 ° C.
- the suspension of carboxymethylcellulose additionally contains from 0.01% to 85% of polyester and / or from 0.01% to 85% of polyester and / or 0.01% to 75% of a silicone emulsion with anionic or nonionic potential stabilized in an aqueous medium at a pH between 5 and 6.
- the present invention also relates to sheets of fibrous materials obtainable according to the process according to the invention.
- the internal cohesion of this sheet is ensured by very fine and homogeneous crosslinking of the latex particles on the fibers which constitutes an intimate graft between the fibers and the latex particles produced by means of the polyelectrolyte.
- the paper thus obtained and which can be used for many industrial uses has excellent mechanical characteristics which classify it among the best, thanks in particular to its breaking length, to its burst strength, to its breaking strength by tensile strength, its suitability for thermoforming, its high resistance to use in an aqueous medium, its resistance to repeated bending, etc.
- Another extremely important characteristic of the paper according to the invention is its homogeneity demonstrated by the electron microscope and which clearly differentiates it from all the other papers currently on the market.
- the present invention relates to the reuse and recovery of the fibrous materials obtained in accordance with the process described.
- One of the advantages and not least of the process according to the present invention lies in the possibility of relatively easily recycling any fibrous material obtained according to the present invention, and this unlike all papers containing latex and prepared according to the processes of the prior art.
- This repulpability and recycling operation is characterized in that it is carried out in an aqueous medium, cold, in the presence of a wetting agent and in the presence of a small amount (0.01 to 0.15% relative to the volume of water and 0.2 to 1.5% relative to the weight of dry fibrous materials) of chloride ions and / or sulfate ions and / or sulfamate ions. It is of course the extremely fine crosslinking of the latex molecules on the fibrous material which explains the easy repulbability of the papers prepared in accordance with the present invention. In addition to the foregoing arrangements, the invention also comprises other arrangements which will emerge from the description which follows.
- the present invention relates in particular to the process and the installations for manufacturing sheets of fibrous materials (and in particular paper) containing, in their mass, latex or the like and / or phenoplasts or aminoplasts and the sheets of fibrous materials thus obtained, thus that the means specific to the implementation of these methods, as well as the overall methods and the production lines in which the methods and the installations in accordance with the present invention are included.
- the fibrous material from a pulp factory is introduced into the tank 1 in the presence of water and coloring matter if necessary, and undergoes appropriate stirring therein allowing the fibrous particles to be suspended.
- the solids content of the mixture is adjusted to about 2.5%.
- the prepared fibrous suspension is conveyed to the storage tank 2, then to section 3, known as refining and hydration of the fiber, so that the fibrous material undergoes the structural modifications necessary for subsequent sheet forming.
- the structural modification must give the mixture a drip index according to the SCHOPPER-RIEGLER method, between 10 and 50 ° SR.
- the fibrous material thus prepared is then introduced into the mixing tank 8.
- the sheet is then re-dried simultaneously, on each side, in section 22. If this optional treatment in section 16 is not used, the sheet passes directly from the section 15 in section 22.
- the sheet can be engaged in section 23, with a view to imparting it with additional or particular properties by a thickness calibration treatment, embossing or frosting.
- the sheet can also be engaged in section 24 where it undergoes radiation at high temperature making it possible to ensure, if necessary, complete polymerization of the materials composing it.
- the treatments in sections 23 and / or 24 are optional, but these additional operations can bring properties for particular uses. If sections 23 and / or 24 are not used, the sheet is fed directly into section 25 where it is wound on a reel.
- Example 2 Preparation of a backing paper for abrasives
- This sheet of paper is prepared continuously, as described in Example 1, however without passing through section 16, but with passage through section 23 for calibration, then directly to section 25.
- Example 3 Preparation of a backing paper for abrasives
- This paper is prepared with passage in sections 16 ⁇ 22 ⁇ 23 ⁇ 25.
- This paper is prepared according to the process described in Example 1, with a direct passage from section 15 to section 25.
- Example 5 Preparation of a printable backing paper for adhesives
- This paper is prepared according to the process described in Example 1, with the passage in sections 16 ⁇ 22 ⁇ 2!
- Example 6 Preparation of a paper intended for the manufacture of bags for vacuum cleaners
- This paper is prepared according to the process described in Example 1, with the passage in the following sections: Section 15 ⁇ Section 22 ⁇ Section 25.
- Example 7 Preparation of a paper intended for the manufacture of tear-resistant envelopes
- This paper is prepared as described in Example 6.
- an aqueous solution is prepared containing approximately 20% (expressed as dry matter) of polyester emulsion previously stabilized at pH 5.4, an emulsion whose Brookfield viscosity (at 25 ° C) is between 200 and 1 000 centipoises.
- the dry extract of the solution contained in the tank is between 2 and 8%.
- the agitator 102 is started, and agitated until about 80% of the paper is disintegrated. This disintegration is verified by the usual control procedures in stationery. At this stage, there are still some very fine agglomerates known in stationery jargon as “buttons” or “pastilles”. n then passes the mixture thus obtained through a disintegration device 105, called a "defiler” (for example, defasterer of the "Hydraflaker” brand produced by BLACK CLAWSON), by recycling the juice via the piping 105 to the tank 101 .
- a disintegration device 105 called a "defiler” (for example, defasterer of the "Hydraflaker” brand produced by BLACK CLAWSON), by recycling the juice via the piping 105 to the tank 101 .
- the repulpability time in the tank 101 was 25 minutes, the re-tacking time 15 minutes, or a total of 40 minutes to make the 500 kg of fibrous material reusable, directed towards reuse by the piping 104.
- the procedure is as described in Example 2, but 0.15% bleach w / volume is introduced.
- the disintegration time was 40 minutes and the de-tacking time was 15 minutes, or 55 minutes for the 500 kg of material used.
- the raw material thus recovered is reused in a conventional printing-writing support manufacture at a rate of 10% of dry product relative to the total dry weight of the support produced.
- Table 1 summarizes the mechanical characteristics and Table II represents the characteristics of a paper in which a fibrous material based on recycled pulp was used:
- the papers obtained according to the process according to the present invention not only have excellent physical resistance, but their suitability for printing coated sheets is quite good, both in exposure and in ink, clarity and color rendering .
- Table 11 reflects the particularly advantageous qualities obtained by the process in accordance with the present invention, on the basic fibrous materials consisting exclusively of recycled pulp from waste paper.
- papers for abrasives in dry or aqueous medium backing papers for adhesives, backing papers for artificial leathers, backing papers for book covers, papers for albums, papers for tear-proof posters, papers advertising papers, papers for adhesive labels and for stickers in general, paper backing for metallization, paper backing for washable draperies, papers for vacuum cleaner bags, papers for filtration, papers for books, documents, magazines, heavily and frequently handled, papers for the production of banknotes, papers for thermoforming in general, and all paper supports requiring very high resistance to tearing, folding, wear, water, while retaining very great flexibility, as well as high mechanical resistance.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Claims (13)
nen Säure-pH-Wert zwischen 4 und 5 stabilisierter Teilchen,
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT82400654T ATE18685T1 (de) | 1981-05-12 | 1982-04-09 | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen herstellung in waessriger umgebung von latex oder analoge zusammensetzungen und/oder phenoplaste oder aminoplaste enthaltenden faserbahnen, die so hergestellten bahnen und ihre moegliche wiederverwendung. |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8109400 | 1981-05-12 | ||
| FR8109400A FR2505896A1 (fr) | 1981-05-12 | 1981-05-12 | Nouveau procede de fabrication continue en milieu aqueux de feuilles de matieres fibreuses contenant du latex ou analogues et/ou des phenoplastes ou aminoplastes, et feuilles ainsi obtenues |
| FR8200224 | 1982-01-08 | ||
| FR8200224A FR2519663B2 (fr) | 1981-05-12 | 1982-01-08 | Perfectionnements apportes au procede de fabrication en milieu aqueux de feuilles en matieres fibreuses contenant du latex ou analogue et/ou des phenoplastes ou aminoplastes, nouvelles feuilles ainsi obtenues et leur eventuelle reutilisation |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0067076A1 EP0067076A1 (de) | 1982-12-15 |
| EP0067076B1 true EP0067076B1 (de) | 1986-03-19 |
Family
ID=26222389
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP82400654A Expired EP0067076B1 (de) | 1981-05-12 | 1982-04-09 | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung in wässriger Umgebung von Latex oder analoge Zusammensetzungen und/oder Phenoplaste oder Aminoplaste enthaltenden Faserbahnen, die so hergestellten Bahnen und ihre mögliche Wiederverwendung |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4445972A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0067076B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JPS57199896A (de) |
| BR (1) | BR8202072A (de) |
| CA (1) | CA1183660A (de) |
| DE (2) | DE3269930D1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES8307955A1 (de) |
| FR (1) | FR2519663B2 (de) |
| MX (1) | MX160400A (de) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1217608A (fr) * | 1982-11-17 | 1987-02-10 | Rene Bartelloni | Procede pour la fabrication de papiers contenant du latex et feuilles de papier ainsi obtenues |
| JPH0643680B2 (ja) * | 1984-07-12 | 1994-06-08 | 敏 木村 | 単層繊維板の製造方法 |
| US4550131A (en) * | 1984-10-30 | 1985-10-29 | The Dow Chemical Company | Aqueous slurry process for preparing reinforced polymeric composites |
| FR2647819B1 (fr) * | 1989-05-31 | 1991-09-20 | Dalle & Lecomte Papeteries | Procede de preparation de produits fibreux en forme de feuilles et a base de cellulose par voie papetiere et enrichis de resines elastomeres |
| JPH0429700U (de) * | 1990-07-02 | 1992-03-10 | ||
| US5895557A (en) * | 1996-10-03 | 1999-04-20 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Latex-saturated paper |
| EP0991816B1 (de) * | 1997-06-12 | 2002-02-13 | WKP Württembergische Kunststoffplatten-Werke GmbH & Co. KG | Verfahren zum herstellen von papier |
| US6572736B2 (en) | 2000-10-10 | 2003-06-03 | Atlas Roofing Corporation | Non-woven web made with untreated clarifier sludge |
| US20030121627A1 (en) * | 2001-12-03 | 2003-07-03 | Sheng-Hsin Hu | Tissue products having reduced lint and slough |
| US6752905B2 (en) * | 2002-10-08 | 2004-06-22 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Tissue products having reduced slough |
| CA2652063C (en) * | 2009-01-30 | 2016-03-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Tape comprising recycled paper |
| EP2386614A1 (de) * | 2010-04-21 | 2011-11-16 | Neenah Gessner GmbH | Umweltfreundliches Klebebandpapier und daraus hergestelltes Klebeband |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL66907C (de) * | 1945-07-13 | |||
| US2601597A (en) * | 1946-09-06 | 1952-06-24 | American Cyanamid Co | Application of dispersed coating materials to cellulosic fibers |
| US3502497A (en) * | 1964-08-26 | 1970-03-24 | Johnson & Johnson | Pressure-sensitive adhesive product |
| US3619347A (en) * | 1969-03-13 | 1971-11-09 | Salvox Mfg Co | Recovery of wastepaper treated with urea or the like resins to impart wet strength |
| DE2013077A1 (en) * | 1970-03-19 | 1971-10-07 | Creped release paper | |
| JPS5236138B2 (de) * | 1972-06-26 | 1977-09-13 | ||
| US3873411A (en) * | 1973-06-29 | 1975-03-25 | Johnson & Johnson | Methods of recovering reusable fibers |
| NL7707451A (nl) * | 1976-07-06 | 1978-01-10 | Rochette Cenpa | Gevormd vezelachtig materiaal in de vorm van een vel en de bereiding ervan. |
| GR65316B (en) * | 1978-06-20 | 1980-08-02 | Arjomari Prioux | Method for the preparation of fibrous leaf |
| FR2429293A1 (fr) * | 1978-06-20 | 1980-01-18 | Arjomari Prioux | Feuille minerale, son procede de preparation et son utilisation notamment dans le domaine des revetements et des supports d'impression-ecriture |
| FR2435554A1 (fr) * | 1978-09-08 | 1980-04-04 | Dalle & Lecomte Papeteries | Produit papetier a forte teneur en charge |
| US4274916A (en) * | 1979-10-01 | 1981-06-23 | Congoleum Corporation | Dimensionally stable backing materials for surface coverings and methods of making the same |
-
1982
- 1982-01-08 FR FR8200224A patent/FR2519663B2/fr not_active Expired
- 1982-02-16 US US06/349,366 patent/US4445972A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1982-03-26 ES ES510869A patent/ES8307955A1/es not_active Expired
- 1982-04-09 DE DE8282400654T patent/DE3269930D1/de not_active Expired
- 1982-04-09 EP EP82400654A patent/EP0067076B1/de not_active Expired
- 1982-04-09 DE DE198282400654T patent/DE67076T1/de active Pending
- 1982-04-12 BR BR8202072A patent/BR8202072A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-04-21 JP JP57067042A patent/JPS57199896A/ja active Pending
- 1982-05-06 CA CA000402414A patent/CA1183660A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-05-11 MX MX82192621A patent/MX160400A/es unknown
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| TAPPI, vol.60, no.7, juillet 1977, K.W. Britt et al.: "Sorption and flocculation mechanisms in paper stock systems", pp. 102-104 * |
| TAPPI, vol.61, no.11, novembre 1978, Atlanta G.A., (US), B. ALINCE et al.: "Colloidal aspects of the retention of positively charged additives", pp. 111-114 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3269930D1 (en) | 1986-04-24 |
| CA1183660A (en) | 1985-03-12 |
| ES510869A0 (es) | 1983-07-01 |
| BR8202072A (pt) | 1983-03-22 |
| US4445972A (en) | 1984-05-01 |
| JPS57199896A (en) | 1982-12-07 |
| EP0067076A1 (de) | 1982-12-15 |
| FR2519663B2 (fr) | 1985-08-16 |
| FR2519663A2 (fr) | 1983-07-18 |
| MX160400A (es) | 1990-02-16 |
| ES8307955A1 (es) | 1983-07-01 |
| DE67076T1 (de) | 1983-05-11 |
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