EP0073735A2 - Cuve d'électrolyse pour la production électrolytique d'aluminium et procédé de mise en place des barres de fer - Google Patents

Cuve d'électrolyse pour la production électrolytique d'aluminium et procédé de mise en place des barres de fer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0073735A2
EP0073735A2 EP82810344A EP82810344A EP0073735A2 EP 0073735 A2 EP0073735 A2 EP 0073735A2 EP 82810344 A EP82810344 A EP 82810344A EP 82810344 A EP82810344 A EP 82810344A EP 0073735 A2 EP0073735 A2 EP 0073735A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
iron bars
electrolysis
iron
carbon
cross
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP82810344A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0073735A3 (en
EP0073735B1 (fr
Inventor
Raoul Jemec
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rio Tinto Switzerland AG
Original Assignee
Alusuisse Holdings AG
Schweizerische Aluminium AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alusuisse Holdings AG, Schweizerische Aluminium AG filed Critical Alusuisse Holdings AG
Priority to AT82810344T priority Critical patent/ATE16202T1/de
Publication of EP0073735A2 publication Critical patent/EP0073735A2/fr
Publication of EP0073735A3 publication Critical patent/EP0073735A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0073735B1 publication Critical patent/EP0073735B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrolysis trough for the production of aluminum by means of melt flow electrolysis, consisting of an outer steel trough, a heat-insulating layer and an electrically conductive inner lining resistant to the molten material made of carbon blocks running in the transverse direction with solid iron bars protruding on both sides from the end faces , as well as a process for inserting the iron bars.
  • the inner lining of electrolysis tanks consists of carbon blocks, in which at least one continuous or in the middle separated iron bars is arranged. To minimize the voltage drop in the cell the electrical transition resistance between the iron ingot and the carbon block must be as small as possible.
  • the carbon blocks and iron bars can be found in conventional electrolysis tanks in various dimensions in terms of length, width and height as well as groove shapes.
  • the technique of pouring is widely used today to create the connection between the carbon block and the iron ingot.
  • the iron bars placed in the groove of the carbon block are connected to the carbon by casting with cast iron.
  • Iron ingot and carbon block are preheated together and cooled down to the ambient temperature after pouring. Since the thermal expansion or contraction of iron is approximately four times greater than that of carbon, a gap is created when cooling between carbon and cast iron. If the carbon block provided with an iron bar is installed in an electrolysis cell, this gap only closes during the rise in temperature when the electrolysis cell is started up, which improves the electrical and mechanical contact between iron and carbon. If the gap formed by the contraction is closed before the working temperature is reached, the iron bar, which is expanding more rapidly, can act so strongly on the carbon of the cathode elements that cracks can occur in the cathode.
  • the cast iron has the disadvantage that it has a relatively low electrical conductivity. Furthermore, with conventional cast iron bars, the contact pressure in the uppermost area of the bar in the working position is often insufficient, so that it is not sufficient to produce the desired low electrical transition resistance from carbon to iron. In this case, the electric current does not flow the shortest way through the carbon base of the electrolysis tank, but makes a detour by not entering the top surface but the side surfaces of the iron bar. The two factors mentioned can cause a voltage drop of up to 0.1 volt, for example, which has a negative effect on the energy balance of the electrolysis cell.
  • the iron ingot should be fully connected to the carbon at working temperature. In practice, this can hardly be done.
  • the electrical transition resistance from graphite to iron is too high or cracks occur in the graphite block, which reduce the life span of the electrolysis tub to an unacceptable extent.
  • the inventor has set himself the task of avoiding the aforementioned disadvantages of pouring iron bars into carbon blocks without impairing the life of the electrolysis tank, but reducing the transition resistance from carbon to iron bars.
  • the groove with the usual dimensions of carbon block and iron ingot, can be expanded by about 1 mm at its lower opening before the cracking in the carbon begins or even a carbon flap breaks off.
  • a certain elasticity of the carbon blocks is essential when anchoring the iron bars without pouring them in.
  • the preferred temperature of about 700 ° C At this temperature, the groove and the iron bar inserted therein have exactly the same cross-section, i.e. the iron bar lies full on the carbon along its entire circumference, but without exerting any pressure on it.
  • the iron ingot presses on the carbon. Thanks to the elasticity of the expanding carbon lobes, however, there are no cracks, as would be the case if a hole were formed instead of a groove.
  • the iron bars can extend in a manner known per se over the entire length of the carbon blocks or can be severed in the middle, with a smaller or greater distance. It is known that in the melt flow electrolysis of aluminum most of the electrical current flows in the outer area of the iron bars of the electrolysis tank. It is therefore sufficient if the iron bars are formed from both ends of the carbon blocks up to at least 20% each with respect to the length of the carbon blocks towards the center of the tub. In the center of the carbon blocks, the iron bars can be separated up to 60% of the length of the blocks.
  • the grooves can extend over the entire length of the carbon block or over a part thereof corresponding to the iron ingot, the end walls of the iron ingot and groove being separated by a preferably 0.5-1 cm wide cavity.
  • the iron bars which preferably protrude about 0.5-1.5 cm from the bottom surface of the carbon blocks, and the correspondingly recessed groove can have any practical geometric shape.
  • iron bars and the corresponding groove preferably have rounded cross sections, at least in their upper region in relation to the working position. This has the essential advantage that when the flaps of the carbon block laterally surrounding the iron bars are spread, the notch effect is reduced, ie in the case of In the upper area of the rounded grooves, the crack formation only begins with greater pressure from the iron bar than would be the case with angular grooves.
  • the essential feature of the method according to the invention for inserting the iron bars in an electrolysis tank with correspondingly recessed grooves which are open downwards in the working position is that the iron bars are pushed into the interior of the electrolysis tank through bar windows in the steel tank at ambient temperature.
  • These bar windows expediently have the same geometric shape as the cross section of the iron bars. These bar windows are preferably only a little, in particular 0.5-2 cm, larger than the linear dimensions of the iron bar cross sections, ie the iron bars become with little play through the parallel bars into the tub. In this case, the joints are easy to seal.
  • iron bars are rectangular at least in the lower area or tapered towards the top, they can be placed on the insulation layer in accordance with the shaped grooves. The carbon block is then lowered onto them.
  • the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the embodiment shown in the drawing.
  • the single figure shows a schematic vertical section through a carbon block with two iron bars in the working position, but before the complete lowering.
  • the carbon block 10 which is rectangular in cross section, contains the round iron bars 12 which run parallel in the longitudinal direction in correspondingly shaped grooves 14 which are partially open at the bottom.
  • Each tab 16 of the carbon block 10 comprises the iron bars 12 in a U-shape. If the iron bars 12 exert pressure on the carbon block 10 at working temperature, this is absorbed by the Tabs 16 are spread apart accordingly.
  • the edges 18 of these tabs 16 are preferably rounded or cut off.
  • the carbon block 10 inserted into the electrolysis trough lies along the surface lines 20 of the iron bars 12 on the insulation layer (not shown).
  • the iron bars 12 are pressed flatly in their upper area onto the corresponding area of the grooves 14, the transition resistance from carbon to iron is minimal as a result.
  • the direct electric current can flow directly from the top surface of the carbon block 10 and with a low transition resistance in the direction of the arrows to the iron bar 12.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
EP82810344A 1981-08-31 1982-08-18 Cuve d'électrolyse pour la production électrolytique d'aluminium et procédé de mise en place des barres de fer Expired EP0073735B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82810344T ATE16202T1 (de) 1981-08-31 1982-08-18 Elektrolysewanne zur herstellung von aluminium mittels schmelzflusselektrolyse und verfahren zum einsetzen der eisenbarren.

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH5567/81A CH657383A5 (de) 1981-08-31 1981-08-31 Elektrolysewanne zur herstellung von aluminium mittels schmelzflusselektrolyse und verfahren zum einsetzen der eisenbarren.
CH5567/81 1981-08-31
DE3135083A DE3135083C1 (de) 1981-08-31 1981-09-04 Elektrolysewanne zur Herstellung von Aluminium mittels Schmelzflusselektrolyse und Verfahren zum Einsetzen der Eisenbarren

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0073735A2 true EP0073735A2 (fr) 1983-03-09
EP0073735A3 EP0073735A3 (en) 1983-04-20
EP0073735B1 EP0073735B1 (fr) 1985-10-23

Family

ID=25697998

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82810344A Expired EP0073735B1 (fr) 1981-08-31 1982-08-18 Cuve d'électrolyse pour la production électrolytique d'aluminium et procédé de mise en place des barres de fer

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0073735B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5845390A (fr)
AU (1) AU557296B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA1190517A (fr)
CH (1) CH657383A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE3135083C1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA826026B (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NO157462C (no) * 1985-10-24 1988-03-23 Hydro Aluminium As Laminert karbonkatode for celler til smelte-elektrolytisk fremstilling av aluminium.
GB2542150A (en) * 2015-09-09 2017-03-15 Dubai Aluminium Pjsc Cathode assembly for electrolytic cell suitable for the Hall-Héroult process
DE102016210693A1 (de) * 2016-06-15 2017-12-21 Sgl Cfl Ce Gmbh Kathodenblock aufweisend eine neuartige Nut-Geometrie

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2105247C3 (de) * 1971-02-04 1980-06-12 Schweizerische Aluminium Ag, Zuerich (Schweiz) Ofen für die Schmelzflußelektrolyse von Aluminium
US3851377A (en) * 1973-03-27 1974-12-03 D Dumas Sealing of metal bars in carbonized blocks
US4001104A (en) * 1974-01-03 1977-01-04 Union Carbide Corporation Cemented collector bar assemblies for aluminum cell carbon bottom block
US4076610A (en) * 1975-07-10 1978-02-28 Elettrocarbonium S.P.A. Cathode in cells for producing aluminium by electrolysis of smelted salts thereof
FR2318244A1 (fr) * 1975-07-17 1977-02-11 Savoie Electrodes Refactaires Procede de jonction de barres metalliques avec des blocs de carbone

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3135083C1 (de) 1983-03-10
AU8748082A (en) 1983-03-10
CA1190517A (fr) 1985-07-16
EP0073735A3 (en) 1983-04-20
EP0073735B1 (fr) 1985-10-23
CH657383A5 (de) 1986-08-29
ZA826026B (en) 1983-07-27
JPS5845390A (ja) 1983-03-16
AU557296B2 (en) 1986-12-18

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