EP0099331B1 - Cuve cathodique pour cellule d'électrolyse d'aluminium - Google Patents

Cuve cathodique pour cellule d'électrolyse d'aluminium Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0099331B1
EP0099331B1 EP83810282A EP83810282A EP0099331B1 EP 0099331 B1 EP0099331 B1 EP 0099331B1 EP 83810282 A EP83810282 A EP 83810282A EP 83810282 A EP83810282 A EP 83810282A EP 0099331 B1 EP0099331 B1 EP 0099331B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carbon
layer
shear strength
lining
tank according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83810282A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0099331A1 (fr
Inventor
Max Zollinger
Raoul Jemec
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rio Tinto Switzerland AG
Original Assignee
Schweizerische Aluminium AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schweizerische Aluminium AG filed Critical Schweizerische Aluminium AG
Publication of EP0099331A1 publication Critical patent/EP0099331A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0099331B1 publication Critical patent/EP0099331B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cathode tub of a melt flow electrolysis cell for the production of aluminum, consisting of an outer steel tub supported or supported by metal components, a heat-insulating layer and an electrically conductive inner lining made of carbon which is resistant to the molten aluminum and the electrolytes.
  • the carbon lining experiences a significant increase in volume over the course of its operating life. This is caused by the penetration of components that come from the electrolyte.
  • Components are understood to mean, for example, sodium or salts from which the fluoride melt is composed, and chemical compounds which have arisen from the fluoride melt by reactions which are not known in more detail.
  • the swelling carbon lining presses on the thermal insulation and thus indirectly on the steel tub. This can cause irreversible deformations that can strain them into the plastic area of the steel and cause them to tear.
  • DE-AS 2633055 proposes to form a bulge in the steel trough. This includes a storage space which is completely filled with a first, easily deformable material and a second material which can only be deformed with greater forces, in order to accommodate the bottom of the carbon lining, which expands in the horizontal direction during operation.
  • the second material has such mechanical properties that the forces are transmitted to the bulged steel jacket without permanent deformation and / or cracking. The opposing forces acting on the bottom of the carbon lining reduce its bulging and cracking.
  • an electrolysis cell for the production of aluminum in which the insulation and the cathode blocks made of carbon or the side walls made of anthracite and the carbon-containing ramming masses are separated by a shell-shaped intermediate layer.
  • This intermediate layer consists of powder or granular silicon carbide, which represents an insurmountable barrier for the molten metal.
  • the inventors have set themselves the task of creating a new concept for a cathode trough of a melt flow electrolysis cell for the production of aluminum, which can prevent uncontrolled deformations in cells of all sizes without causing damage to the cell in the form of cracking.
  • the concept should continue to make do with low investment costs and be flexible to use.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention by a layer which is arranged horizontally and exclusively in the area of the electrolyte and separates the carbon lining into a lower and an upper part from a material which is resistant to the electrolyte and which is resistant to temperatures up to 1000 ° C. Lich lower shear strength than that of the carbon lining.
  • the side wall of the carbon lining is divided.
  • the electric field between the cathode bars and the anodes passes through the bottom and lower part of the side wall of the carbon liner.
  • practically no electrical current flows through the part of the side wall of the carbon lining that lies above the layer with low shear strength. Therefore, the lower part of the carbon lining swells much more than the upper part.
  • the resulting tensions are absorbed by the layer with low shear strength tearing. Since it must lie completely in the area of the molten electrolyte, no liquid aluminum can enter the cracks formed.
  • the crack in the layer with low shear strength is self-healing; the molten electrolyte penetrating the crack cools so much in the outer area of the wall that it solidifies and thus prevents the electrolyte from flowing out.
  • the self-healing of the predetermined breaking point can be improved by arranging a collecting zone made of very good heat-conducting material that extends in the direction of the side wall of the outer steel trough directly outside the layer with low shear strength and the area of the carbon lining adjoining it below. This means that the heat given off by the electrolytes entering the crack can be dissipated more quickly, and self-healing through solidification takes place more quickly.
  • the upper limit of this collecting zone is expediently at approximately the same level as the upper limit of the layer with low shear strength. However, the collecting zone is thicker than this layer, it is advantageously two to three times as thick as the layer with low shear strength.
  • Metallic materials, such as steel wool or aluminum chips, are particularly well suited for the rapid dissipation of heat in the collecting zone.
  • the shear strength of the layer which separates the carbon lining into a lower and an upper part, is preferably at least five times less than that of carbon.
  • this layer with low shear strength is expediently between 2 and 15 cm, preferably between 5 and 10 cm.
  • the layer separating the carbon lining into two parts is expediently built up from prefabricated blocks.
  • the materials for these blocks must meet the three requirements of temperature resistance, resistance to the electrolyte and low shear strength.
  • foamed carbon, foamed ceramic materials and compressed carbon fiber layers can be used for the production of the blocks.
  • the layer with low shear strength is expediently glued to the carbon lining at the top with a known adhesive and placed on the carbon lining at the bottom via a carbon felt.
  • the compressed carbon felt is preferably between 5 and 15 mm thick and in turn glued to the lower part of the carbon lining.
  • this lower part can be graphitized more.
  • a melt flow electrolysis cell for the production of aluminum has an outer steel trough 10.
  • the lower insulation 12 and the lateral insulation 14 are embedded therein.
  • the lower insulation 12, which forms the substructure, is the lower one Part 16 of the carbon lining with cast or embedded, iron cathode bars 18 arranged.
  • the approximately 8 cm thick layer 20 with low shear strength is arranged on the horizontally delimited edge region of the lower part 16 of the carbon lining. Between this layer 20 and the lower part 16 of the carbon lining there is a base (not visible) made of carbon felt, which is glued to the lower part 16 of the carbon lining.
  • the upper part 22 of the carbon lining is glued to the layer 20 with low shear strength, it projects beyond the lower part laterally.
  • the uppermost area is formed by stone blocks 24, which ensures an insulating tub shelf that protects against the effects of oxygen.
  • Prestressed «crunch elements» 26 are arranged within the steel trough 10, at the level of the upper region of the bottom of the carbon lining, and are supported by a bulge in the steel trough 10.
  • the “crunch elements” 26 oppose the expanding lower part 16 of the carbon lining with a constant, path-independent resistance.
  • a very good heat-conducting layer is designed as a collecting zone 30. It extends in the vertical direction, downward, beyond the layer 20 with low shear strength and extends partially along the lower part 16 of the carbon lining.
  • a flexible wall 32 part of the side region of the steel tub 10 is replaced by a flexible wall 32.
  • fabrics made of carbon fibers, which are combined in a layered construction with metal foils, can be used.
  • the prestressed “crunch elements” 26 arranged outside the flexible wall 32 consist, as in FIG. 1, of packages of plastically deformable, vertically arranged tubes. Towards the outside, the “crunch elements” 26 are supported by a fixed abutment 28.
  • a sliding layer can be arranged between the flexible wall 32 and the lateral insulation.
  • Fig. 3 shows a block of carbon foam 20 lying on a carbon felt 34 with low shear strength. Because of the different expansion of the lower part 16 and the upper part 22 of the carbon lining, the layer 20 with low shear strength has cracked for the first time, liquid electrolyte has penetrated and partially solidified.
  • the layer 20 with low shear strength has been torn once, according to FIG. 4 several times.
  • the carbon felt 34 has partially dissolved after the repeated tearing and the solidified electrolyte 36 has penetrated further outwards.
  • 3 to 5 show - based on electrolysis cells with different dimensions of the individual components - the self-healing effect of the predetermined breaking point:
  • the trough containing the melt flow electrolyte and the separated liquid aluminum can tear only at one point, the layer 20 with low shear strength. There is only molten electrolyte in this area, no metal.
  • the electrolyte escaping through cracks in this layer 20 solidifies and although it continues to extend outwards, it always has a self-healing effect in that the solidified material prevents the flowing material from escaping further.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
  • Immobilizing And Processing Of Enzymes And Microorganisms (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Cuve cathodique d'une cellule d'électrolyse d'un bain en fusion pour la fabrication d'aluminium, constituée d'une cuve extérieure en acier, portée par des composants métalliques ou appuyée sur eux, d'une couche d'isolation thermique et d'un revêtement intérieur de carbone, électriquement conducteur, résistant à l'aluminium liquide et à l'électrolyte, caractérisée par une couche (20), exclusivement disposée horizontalement et tout le tour dans la zone de l'électrolyte, partageant le revêtement de carbone en une partie inférieure (16) et une partie supérieure (22), constituée d'un matériau stable à une température allant jusqu'à 1,000°C, résistant à l'égard de l'électrolyte et dont la résistance au cisaillement est sensiblement inférieure à celle du revêtement de carbone.
2. Cuve cathodique selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la résistance au cisaillement de la couche (20) qui sépare le revêtement de carbone est au moins cinq fois inférieure à celle du revêtement de carbone.
3. Cuve cathodique selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que l'épaisseur de la couche (20) à faible résistance au cissaillement est de 2-15 cm, de préférence 5-10 cm.
4. Cuve cathodique selon au moins l'une des revendications 1-3, caractérisée en ce que la couche (20) à faible résistance au cisaillement est constituée de carbone moussant, de couches de fibres de carbone ou de matériau céramique moussant.
5. Cuve cathodique selon au moins l'une des revendications 1-4, caractérisée en ce que la couche (20) à faible résistance au cisaillement est collée, avec une colle connue, sur la partie supérieure (22) du revêtement de carbone et repose, par l'intermédiaire d'un feutre de carbone (34), sur la partie inférieure (16) du revêtement de carbone.
6. Cuve cathodique selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que le feutre de carbone comprimé (34) a une épaisseur de 5-15 mm et en ce qu'il est collé, avec une colle connue, sur la partie inférieure (16) du revêtement de carbone.
7. Cuve cathodique selon au moins l'une des revendications 1-6, caractérisée en ce qu'immédiatement à l'extérieur de la couche (20) à faible résistance au cisaillement et en partie à l'extérieur de la partie inférieure (16), qui s'y raccorde vers le bas, du revêtement de carbone, est disposée une zone de reprise des forces (30), en matériau très bon conducteur de la chaleur, qui s'étend en direction de la paroi latérale de la cuve d'acier extérieure (10), étant précisé que la hauteur de cette zone de reprise des forces (30) atteint de préférence entre la double et le triple de l'épaisseur de la couche (20) à faible résistance au cisaillement.
8. Cuve cathodique selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que la zone de reprise des forces (30) est constituée de laine d'acier ou de copeaux d'aluminium.
9. Cuve cathodique selon au moins l'une des revendications 1-8, caractérisée en ce que la partie inférieure (16) du revêtement de carbone contient une plus forte proportion de graphite que sa partie supérieure (22).
10. Cuve cathodique selon au moins l'une des revendications 1-9, caractérisée en ce qu'au voisinage du fond de la partie inférieure (16) du revêtement de carbone, de préférence au-dessus de sa zone-noyau, sont disposés des «éléments à écraser» (26), de préférence précontraints, produisant une résistance presque constante et indépendante de la course, sous forme de tubes métalliques plastiquement déformables ou de matériaux poreux cassants.
EP83810282A 1982-07-12 1983-06-24 Cuve cathodique pour cellule d'électrolyse d'aluminium Expired EP0099331B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH4249/82A CH660030A5 (de) 1982-07-12 1982-07-12 Kathodenwanne einer aluminiumelektrolysezelle.
CH4249/82 1982-07-12

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0099331A1 EP0099331A1 (fr) 1984-01-25
EP0099331B1 true EP0099331B1 (fr) 1986-12-10

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83810282A Expired EP0099331B1 (fr) 1982-07-12 1983-06-24 Cuve cathodique pour cellule d'électrolyse d'aluminium

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US4537671A (fr)
EP (1) EP0099331B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5923891A (fr)
AU (1) AU1660983A (fr)
CA (1) CA1215941A (fr)
CH (1) CH660030A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE3368292D1 (fr)
NO (1) NO832497L (fr)
NZ (1) NZ204762A (fr)
SU (1) SU1308201A3 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA834667B (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4687566A (en) * 1985-03-06 1987-08-18 Swiss Aluminium Ltd. Protective collar for anode spade pin
NO157462C (no) * 1985-10-24 1988-03-23 Hydro Aluminium As Laminert karbonkatode for celler til smelte-elektrolytisk fremstilling av aluminium.
US4900249A (en) * 1987-01-12 1990-02-13 Dresser Industries, Inc. Aluminum reverberatory furnace lining
EP2225492B1 (fr) * 2007-12-22 2016-01-13 Jünger + Gräter GmbH Feuerfestbau Garnissage de paroi de fours industriels
DE102010041082A1 (de) * 2010-09-20 2012-03-22 Sgl Carbon Se Kathode für Eletrolysezellen
DE102010041081B4 (de) * 2010-09-20 2015-10-29 Sgl Carbon Se Kathode für Elektrolysezellen
ITVE20110026A1 (it) * 2011-05-05 2012-11-06 Tito Monticelli Canalizzazione latente per forno elettrolitico per la produzione di al. da al2o3 + na3alf3. l'invenzione riguarda la realizzazione nella parte catodica di una vasca/forno standard a difesa dal danneggiamento provocato da corrosione prima, e da infilt

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3514520A (en) * 1967-02-01 1970-05-26 Montedison Spa Linings of electrolysis,remelting,and similar furnaces,containing molten metals,alone or together with molten salts
OA02733A (fr) * 1967-02-01 1970-12-15 Montecatini Edison S P A Soc Perfectionnements apportés aux garnissages des fours d'électrolyse des fours de refusion et autres fours similaires, contenant des métaux en fusion, seuls ou avec des sels en fusion.
CH606496A5 (fr) * 1976-06-16 1978-10-31 Alusuisse
CH643602A5 (de) * 1979-10-17 1984-06-15 Alusuisse Elektrolysewanne.
US4339316A (en) * 1980-09-22 1982-07-13 Aluminum Company Of America Intermediate layer for seating RHM tubes in cathode blocks

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5923891A (ja) 1984-02-07
US4537671A (en) 1985-08-27
EP0099331A1 (fr) 1984-01-25
NZ204762A (en) 1986-05-09
CH660030A5 (de) 1987-03-13
CA1215941A (fr) 1986-12-30
AU1660983A (en) 1984-01-19
ZA834667B (en) 1984-03-28
NO832497L (no) 1984-01-13
DE3368292D1 (en) 1987-01-22
SU1308201A3 (ru) 1987-04-30

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