Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
  • C10L1/026—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for compression ignition
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
  • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
  • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Definitions

• ether In order to reduce the formation of smoke or soot in diesel engines, it is known to add ether to the diesel fuel, in particular in a mixture with salts of organic acids from metals of main group II of the periodic table, in particular barium.
• mono- and di-alkyl ethers of glycols in particular mono- and dimethyl ethers of ethylene glycol, are proposed as ethers.
• These additives have the disadvantage that their production very expensive and their mode of action is only slight as rußminderndes and down g asrezudierendes additive.
• the pollution of the environment due to the emission of cadmium, barium, strontium is to be feared.
• the present invention avoids the difficulties and disadvantages of the known ether-containing diesel fuels and is distinguished by an improved combustion behavior compared to conventional diesel fuels and thus an increased useful output and a reduced pollutant emission of the engines operated therewith.
• methyl tert-butyl ether (2-methoxy-2-methyl propane), methyl tert-amyl ether (2-methoxy-2-methyl butane), isopropyl tert-butyl ether (2- (2'-propoxy) -2-methylpropane), sec-butyl tert-butyl ether (2- (2'-butoxy) -2-methyl propane), methyl tert-2,3-dimethylbutyl ether (2-methoxy-2,3-dimethylbutane ) and methyl tert-2-methylpentyl ether (2-methoxy-2-methylpentane).
• Ether mixtures which contain up to 90% by volume of one of the stated ethers are preferred.
• the content of the addition of methyl tert-butyl ether is 5-50% by volume, of methyl tert-amyl ether 5-50% by volume, of isopropyl tert-butyl ether 5-50% by volume, of sec .-Butyl-tert.-butyl ether 5 - 50 vol.%, In methyl-tert.-2,3-dimethyl-butyl ether 5 - 50 vol.% And in methyl-tert.-2-methylpentyl ether 5 - 50 vol .%.
• the ethers to be added to the diesel fuel according to the invention can be obtained by simple processes from the oil oil production and processing gaseous or volatile hydrocarbons are produced under normal conditions and are made available in large quantities. It is therefore entirely possible to produce diesel fuel with the additives according to the invention, which consists of up to 40, preferably up to 25% by volume of the ether mixture.
• Common diesel fuel contains cycloparaffins and multinuclear aromatics, which tend to form soot particles during combustion.
• Complying with a prescribed smoke number smoke number (soot number, smoke unit) requires an excess of air compared to the stoichiometric ratio of fuel / air and thus reduces the maximum amount of energy that can be released per mass of diesel fuel consumed.
• the soot formation number is greatly reduced by the ether additive according to the invention, which makes it possible to reduce the excess air. This leads to an increase in the efficiency and thus the useful output of the engine through higher medium pressure.
• the absolute amount of exhaust gas is reduced and pollutant emissions, in particular NO emissions, are reduced.
• the soot emitted in a reduced concentration is distinguished by the fact that the extractable carcinogenic fractions of polycyclic aromatics are very significantly reduced.
• the ether mixtures added to the diesel fuel according to the invention can also serve as solubilizers for alcohols, in particular methanol and ethanol. They make it possible to use alcohols with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, e.g. B. methanol, Add ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, sec-butanol and tert-butanol individually or in a mixture, even with low water contents, to the diesel fuel, the alcohol content of the fuel being 2 to 40, preferably 5 to 25,% by volume. This allows z. B. Use alcohols obtained from biomass in larger quantities as diesel oil additives.
• solubilizers It is known to add alcohols to diesel fuels using solubilizers.
• solubilizers previously proposed for this purpose are produced by a complex process and are therefore not readily available in the larger quantities required.
• the substances previously considered as solubilizers also lack the property of favorably influencing the combustion behavior of diesel fuels, as is the case with the ethers according to the invention.
• a commercially available diesel fuel with the properties listed in Table 1 was used as the mixture component for the production of the fuels according to the invention and as the basis for the comparative tests.
• the comparative tests of the diesel fuels according to the invention with commercially available fuel were carried out with commercially available diesel engines (Daimler Benz Type 240 D and VW Type Golf D).
• the power was set at fixed speeds (4400 or 4800 min -1 ) using the different mixtures so that the power achieved with the basic diesel fuel was achieved.
• Table 3 shows the Bosch number and the specific energy consumption of the basic diesel fuel (0) and the mixtures according to Examples 1 to 8. From Table 3 it can be seen that improvements in the Bosch number as a measure of the soot formation can be achieved up to 62% compared to conventional diesel fuel. Already mixtures whose content of the components according to the invention is only 10 vol.% Have Bosch numbers which are reduced by up to 38%.
• the NO x levels in the exhaust gas were determined using a commercially available type of engine VW Golf D at a power of 31.4 kW at 4800 min -1. The results are shown in Table 4.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
• Glass Compositions (AREA)
• Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
• Steroid Compounds (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
• Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (3)

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ID=6143882

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (15)

Cited By (4)

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• 1981
  • 1981-10-10 DE DE19813140382 patent/DE3140382A1/de active Granted
• 1982
  • 1982-09-03 TR TR6933A patent/TR22309A/xx unknown
  • 1982-10-05 CA CA000412887A patent/CA1180895A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1982-10-05 GR GR69444A patent/GR76994B/el unknown
  • 1982-10-07 AT AT82109266T patent/ATE18919T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1982-10-07 EP EP82109266A patent/EP0077027B1/fr not_active Expired
  • 1982-10-07 DE DE8282109266T patent/DE3270279D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1982-10-08 DK DK446182A patent/DK153225C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1982-10-08 MX MX194722A patent/MX162435A/es unknown
  • 1982-10-08 ES ES516382A patent/ES8307886A1/es not_active Expired
  • 1982-10-08 NO NO823376A patent/NO160145C/no unknown
  • 1982-10-08 JP JP57176457A patent/JPS5874789A/ja active Granted
  • 1982-10-08 PT PT75662A patent/PT75662B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1982-10-08 BR BR8205904A patent/BR8205904A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1982-10-08 FI FI823426A patent/FI75592C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1982-10-08 IE IE2442/82A patent/IE53445B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation

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