EP0077969B1 - Apparatus for drying dye bobbins - Google Patents

Apparatus for drying dye bobbins Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0077969B1
EP0077969B1 EP82109395A EP82109395A EP0077969B1 EP 0077969 B1 EP0077969 B1 EP 0077969B1 EP 82109395 A EP82109395 A EP 82109395A EP 82109395 A EP82109395 A EP 82109395A EP 0077969 B1 EP0077969 B1 EP 0077969B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drying
bobbins
dyeing
pipe
station
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82109395A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0077969A1 (en
Inventor
Hans-Christian Dipl.-Ing. Grassmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0077969A1 publication Critical patent/EP0077969A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0077969B1 publication Critical patent/EP0077969B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements for supplying or controlling air or other gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/006—Arrangements for supplying or controlling air or other gases for drying solid materials or objects with the air or gases passing through hollow spaces or cores within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. tubes, pipes or bottles
    • F26B21/007—Arrangements for supplying or controlling air or other gases for drying solid materials or objects with the air or gases passing through hollow spaces or cores within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. tubes, pipes or bottles the objects being bobbin- or spool-like bodies
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
    • D06C7/00—Heating or cooling textile fabrics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B13/00—Machines and apparatus for drying fabrics, fibres, yarns, or other materials in long lengths, with progressive movement
    • F26B13/001—Drying and oxidising yarns, ribbons or the like
    • F26B13/003—Drying and oxidising yarns, ribbons or the like in the shape of spools, coils, bobbins or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/28—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun
    • F26B3/30—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun from infrared-emitting elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/32—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action
    • F26B3/34—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action by using electrical effects
    • F26B3/347—Electromagnetic heating, e.g. induction heating or heating using microwave energy
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
    • D06C2700/00—Finishing or decoration of textile materials, except for bleaching, dyeing, printing, mercerising, washing or fulling
    • D06C2700/09—Various apparatus for drying textiles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a drying system for dyeing bobbins in the textile industry, which are simultaneously attached to a perforated tube for dyeing, via which the liquid colorant is pressed through the bobbins.
  • Drying devices of this type have proven themselves well over purely mechanical drying devices, but the required separation of the coils hinders extensive automation of the material flow during the drying process.
  • the object of the present invention is to largely automate and accelerate the drying process in a drying system of the type mentioned at the outset.
  • the conveyor system is preferably operated in cycles in the area of mechanical predrying, i. H. while the compressed air is being blown into the pipes, the conveying section in question stands still, whereas a continuous conveying process can run in the other treatment stations. So that the air can escape freely and the coils are dried evenly, the transport device, for. B. in the form of a drag chain conveyor, provided with spacers in which the tubes are inserted with coils.
  • the drying system for the individual dyeing bobbins 51 which are attached to a perforated tube 52 consists of a mechanical pre-drying station 1, an intermediate drying station 2 for surface drying and a downstream finished drying station 3.
  • the unit 5 consisting of tube 52 and dyeing bobbins 51 is transported through the individual stations by means of a transport device 4 transported in the direction of arrow 45.
  • the drag chains 41 of the transport device 4 are provided with spacers 45, into which the tubes together with the coils 51 are inserted.
  • the predrying station 1 is provided with connecting devices 12 for compressed air 11, several pipes being connected at the same time.
  • the conveying device 4 is stopped in the part 43, which is located in the predrying station 1, during this process.
  • the units 5 reach an intermediate drying station 2, which is provided with infrared rays 21.
  • the surface of the dyeing bobbins 51 is freed from moisture. From here the dyeing bobbins 51 on the tube 52 arrive as a complete unit 5 for finished drying in the station 3, which consists of a known high-frequency oven with electrodes 31.
  • Hot air 32 is additionally blown into this furnace and extracted again.
  • means are provided in this area and possibly also in the area of the intermediate drying station, with which the tube 52 is rotated about its longitudinal axis in the direction of arrow 42. Such a rotation is necessary if the tube with the coils lies perpendicular to the field line in the high-frequency furnace, since otherwise uneven drying zones would result.
  • Such a spatial arrangement has the advantage that metallic sleeves can be used to wind the dye spools without the field being short-circuited. If you want to arrange the pipe in the direction of the electrical field lines, you must provide coil cores and pipes made of insulating material.
  • the electrodes 31 - and thus also the trans port device - can also be arranged vertically ⁇ instead of horizontally as shown.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Trockenanlage für Färbespulen in der Textilindustrie, die zum Färben gleichzeitig auf ein perforiertes Rohr aufgesteckt sind, über welches das flüssige Färbemittel durch die Spulen gepresst wird.The invention relates to a drying system for dyeing bobbins in the textile industry, which are simultaneously attached to a perforated tube for dyeing, via which the liquid colorant is pressed through the bobbins.

Es ist bekannt, zum Trocknen die Spulen vom Rohr abzunehmen, in einer mechanischen Vorrichtung, z. B. durch eine Zentrifuge, vorzutrocknen und anschliessend in einem Hochfrequenzofen fertig zu trocknen. In diesen Ofen wird zur Vergleichmässigung der Erwärmung und zur Abführung von entstehenden Dampfschwaden noch zusätzlich Heissluft eingeblasen und wieder abgesaugt.It is known to remove the coils from the tube for drying in a mechanical device, e.g. B. pre-dry by a centrifuge and then dry in a high frequency oven. Hot air is also blown into this oven to even out the heating and to remove steam that is formed, and then extracted again.

Trockenvorrichtungen dieser Art haben sich gegenüber rein mechanischen Trockenvorrichtungen gut bewährt, die erforderliche Vereinzelung der Spulen steht jedoch einer weitgehenden Automatisierung des Materialflusses beim Trocknungsvorgang störend im Wege.Drying devices of this type have proven themselves well over purely mechanical drying devices, but the required separation of the coils hinders extensive automation of the material flow during the drying process.

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, bei einer Trocknungsanlage der eingangs gennanten Art den Trocknungsvorgang weitgehend zu automatisieren und zu beschleunigen.The object of the present invention is to largely automate and accelerate the drying process in a drying system of the type mentioned at the outset.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist durch folgende Merkmale gekennzeichnet:

  • - eine Vortrockenstation, in der Mittel zum Einblasen von Druckluft in das Rohr mit aufgesteckten Spulen vorgesehen sind,
  • - eine folgende Zwischentrockenstation zum Abtrocknen der Oberflächen der auf dem Rohr aufgesteckten Färbespulen,
  • - eine nachgeschaltete Fertigtrockenstation mit einem Hochfrequenzofen zur kapazitiven Endtrocknung der Färbespulen auf dem Rohr, und
  • - eine Transportvorrichtung zum selbsttätigen Fördern der auf dem Rohr aufgesteckten Färbespulen durch die einzelnen Stationen, die zumindest im Bereich des Hochfrequenzofens mit Mitteln zur Drehung des Rohres mit den Färbespulen um seine Längsachse versehen ist.
The solution to this problem is characterized by the following features:
  • a predrying station, in which means for blowing compressed air into the tube with attached coils are provided,
  • a subsequent intermediate drying station for drying the surfaces of the dyeing bobbins attached to the tube,
  • - A downstream finished drying station with a high-frequency oven for the capacitive final drying of the dyeing bobbins on the tube, and
  • - A transport device for automatically conveying the dye bobbins attached to the tube through the individual stations, which is provided with means for rotating the tube with the dye bobbins about its longitudinal axis at least in the region of the high-frequency furnace.

Durch eine derartige Behandlungsstrasse lässt sich der Durchlauf und die Wärmebehandlungsdauer verkürzen und manuelle Arbeitszeit zum Vereinzeln der Werkstücke für den Trocknungsvorgang einsparen.With such a treatment line, the throughput and the heat treatment time can be shortened and manual working time for separating the workpieces for the drying process can be saved.

Physikalisch gesehen wird in der Vortrockenstation durch das Einblasen von Druckluft-z. B. mit 5 at - ein grosser Teil der Feuchtigkeit von innen heraus durch die Färbespulen an die Oberfläche transportiert und von dort abgeführt. Eine auf diese Weise vorgetrocknete Spule ist aber nicht für eine anschliessende Hochfrequenzbehandlung ohne weiteres geeignet, da durch die vorgennante Trocknung besonders an der Oberfläche noch relativ viel Feuchtigkeit verbleibt, die zu Überschlägen im Hochfrequenzfeld Anlass geben würde. Als Zwischenstation ist daher in der Strasse zwischen mechanischer Vortrockenstation und Hochfrequenztrockner eine Oberflächentrocknung, z. B. mit Infrarotstrahlern, vorzusehen.Physically seen in the pre-drying station by blowing in compressed air e.g. B. with 5 at - a large part of the moisture is transported from the inside out through the dyeing coils to the surface and removed from there. However, a coil pre-dried in this way is not suitable for a subsequent high-frequency treatment, since the aforementioned drying leaves relatively much moisture on the surface, which would give rise to arcing in the high-frequency field. As an intermediate station, therefore, in the street between the mechanical pre-drying station and the high-frequency dryer, surface drying, e.g. B. with infrared radiators.

Zur Vereinfachung des mechanischen Aufbaus wird die Förderanlage im Bereich der mechanischen Vortrocknung vorzugsweise taktweise betrieben, d. h. während des Einblasens der Druckluft in die Rohre steht der betreffende Förderabschnitt still, dagegen kann in den übrigen Behandlungsstationen ein kontinuierlicher Fördervorgang laufen. Damit die Luft frei entweichen kann und die Spulen gleichmässig getrocknet werden, ist die Transportvorrichtung, z. B. in Form eines Schleppkettenförderers, mit Abstandshaltern versehen, in denen die Rohre mit Spulen eingelegt werden.To simplify the mechanical structure, the conveyor system is preferably operated in cycles in the area of mechanical predrying, i. H. while the compressed air is being blown into the pipes, the conveying section in question stands still, whereas a continuous conveying process can run in the other treatment stations. So that the air can escape freely and the coils are dried evenly, the transport device, for. B. in the form of a drag chain conveyor, provided with spacers in which the tubes are inserted with coils.

Anhand einerZeichnung sei die Erfindung näher erläutert; es zeigen:

  • Fig. einen schematischen Längsschnitt durch die Trockenanlage, und
  • Fig. 2 einen Schnitt längs der Linie 11-11 in Fig. 1.
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing; show it:
  • Fig. A schematic longitudinal section through the drying plant, and
  • FIG. 2 shows a section along the line 11-11 in FIG. 1.

Die Trockenanlage für die auf einem perforierten Rohr 52 aufgesteckten einzelnen Färbespulen 51 besteht aus einer mechanischen Vortrockenstation 1, einer Zwischentrockenstation 2 zur Oberflächentrocknung und einer nachgeschalteten Fertigtrockenstation 3. Die aus Rohr 52 und Färbespulen 51 bestehende Einheit 5 wird mittels einer Transportvorrichtung 4 durch die einzelnen Stationen in Richtung des Pfeiles 45 transportiert. Hierzu sind die Schleppketten 41 der Transportvorrichtung 4 mit Abstandshaltern 45 versehen, in die die Rohre samt den Spulen 51 eingelegt sind.The drying system for the individual dyeing bobbins 51 which are attached to a perforated tube 52 consists of a mechanical pre-drying station 1, an intermediate drying station 2 for surface drying and a downstream finished drying station 3. The unit 5 consisting of tube 52 and dyeing bobbins 51 is transported through the individual stations by means of a transport device 4 transported in the direction of arrow 45. For this purpose, the drag chains 41 of the transport device 4 are provided with spacers 45, into which the tubes together with the coils 51 are inserted.

Die Vortrockenstation 1 ist mit Anschlussvorrichtungen 12 für Druckluft 11 versehen, wobei gleichzeitig mehrere Rohre anzuschliessen sind. Damit der Anschlussvorgang und die Trocknung mechanisch keine allzugrossen Schwierigkeiten bereiten, wird während dieses Vorganges die Fördereinrichtung 4 in dem Teil 43, der sich in der Vortrockenstation 1 befindet, gestoppt. Sind die Färbespulen durch das Einblasen von Druckluft von z. B. 5 at Druck ausreichend mechanisch vorgetrocknet und aufgeschlossen, so gelangen die Einheiten 5 in eine Zwischentrockenstation 2, die mit Infrarotstrahlen 21 versehen ist. Hier wird die Oberfläche der Färbespulen 51 von Feuchtigkeit befreit. Von hier aus gelangen dann die Färbespulen 51 auf dem Rohr 52 als komplette Einheit 5 zur Fertigtrocknung in die Station 3, die aus einem bekannten Hochfrequenzofen mit Elektroden 31 besteht. In diesen Ofen wird zusätzlich Heissluft 32 eingeblasen und wieder abgesaugt. Zur gleichmässigen Trocknung der Färbespulen sind in diesem Bereich und gegebenenfalls auch noch im Bereich der Zwischentrockenstation 2 Mittel vorgesehen, mit denen das Rohr 52 um seine Längsachse in Richtung des Pfeiles 42 gedreht wird. Eine derartige Drehung ist erforderlich, wenn das Rohr mit den Spulen senkrecht zum Feldlinienverlauf im Hochfrequenzofen liegt, da ansonsten ungleichmässige Trocknungszonen entstehen würden. Eine derartige räumliche Anordnung hat den Vorteil, dass metallische Hülsen zum Wickeln der Färbespulen verwendet werden können, ohne dass das Feld kurzgeschlossen wird. Will man das Rohr in Richtung der elektrischen Feldlinien anordnen, so muss man Spulenkerne und Rohre aus Isoliermaterial vorsehen.The predrying station 1 is provided with connecting devices 12 for compressed air 11, several pipes being connected at the same time. To ensure that the connection process and the drying do not present any major difficulties mechanically, the conveying device 4 is stopped in the part 43, which is located in the predrying station 1, during this process. Are the dye spools by blowing compressed air from z. B. 5 at pressure mechanically pre-dried and digested sufficiently, the units 5 reach an intermediate drying station 2, which is provided with infrared rays 21. Here the surface of the dyeing bobbins 51 is freed from moisture. From here the dyeing bobbins 51 on the tube 52 arrive as a complete unit 5 for finished drying in the station 3, which consists of a known high-frequency oven with electrodes 31. Hot air 32 is additionally blown into this furnace and extracted again. For uniform drying of the dyeing bobbins 2 means are provided in this area and possibly also in the area of the intermediate drying station, with which the tube 52 is rotated about its longitudinal axis in the direction of arrow 42. Such a rotation is necessary if the tube with the coils lies perpendicular to the field line in the high-frequency furnace, since otherwise uneven drying zones would result. Such a spatial arrangement has the advantage that metallic sleeves can be used to wind the dye spools without the field being short-circuited. If you want to arrange the pipe in the direction of the electrical field lines, you must provide coil cores and pipes made of insulating material.

Die Elektroden 31 - und damit auch die Transportvorrichtung-können auch vertikal―statt wie gezeigt horizontal - angeordnet sein.The electrodes 31 - and thus also the trans port device - can also be arranged vertically ― instead of horizontally as shown.

Claims (6)

1. A drying plant for dyeing in the textile industry, which for dyeing can be simultaneously mounted on a perforated pipe, through which the liquid dye is forced through the bobbins, comprising mechanical pre-drying of the dyeing bobbins and a high-frequency furnace into which hot air can additionally be blown, characterized by a pre-drying station (1) which is provided with means for blowing compressed air (11) into the pipe (52) carrying the dyeing bobbins (51), a subsequent intermediate drying station (2) for drying the surfaces of the dyeing bobbins (51) which are mounted on the pipe (52), a subsequent drying-off station (3) having a high-frequency furnace for the capacitative final drying of the dyeing bobbins (51) on the pipe (52), and a transport device (4) for independently conveying the dyeing bobbins (51 ) mounted on the pipe (52) through the individual stations (1 to 3), which, at least in the region of the high-frequency furnace, is provided with means for rotating the pipe (52), carrying the dyeing bobbins (51), about its longitudinal axis.
2. A drying plant as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate drying station (2) is provided with means (21 ) for the infrared drying of the surfaces of the dyeing bobbins (51).
3. A drying plant as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that the pre-drying station (1) is provided with means for the simultaneous connection of a plurality of pipes (52) to compressed air (11) and with a transport device (43) with timed transport.
4. A drying plant as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that the transport device (4) is provided with means (35) for supporting the pipe (52) with the bobbins (51) in a direction which is at right angles to the flux path in the high-frequency furnace.
5. A drying plant as claimed in Claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the transport device (4) is designed as a chain conveyor and provided with spaced holders (45) for receiving the pipe ends.
6. A drying plant as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that the transport device (4) and the electrodes (31) are arranged horizontally (Fig. 1), or vertically, in the high-frequency furnace.
EP82109395A 1981-10-23 1982-10-11 Apparatus for drying dye bobbins Expired EP0077969B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3142172 1981-10-23
DE19813142172 DE3142172A1 (en) 1981-10-23 1981-10-23 DRYING SYSTEM FOR COLORED REELS IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0077969A1 EP0077969A1 (en) 1983-05-04
EP0077969B1 true EP0077969B1 (en) 1985-01-16

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82109395A Expired EP0077969B1 (en) 1981-10-23 1982-10-11 Apparatus for drying dye bobbins

Country Status (3)

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US (1) US4428127A (en)
EP (1) EP0077969B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3142172A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8993030B2 (en) * 2005-09-23 2015-03-31 Conopco Low pH aerated products
CN108800867A (en) * 2018-04-18 2018-11-13 蒋超 Textile production drying unit

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4720924A (en) * 1986-11-03 1988-01-26 R & J Engineering Corporation Microwave drying of pharmaceutical gelatin capsules
SE8702328L (en) * 1987-06-04 1988-12-05 Tomas Andersson TORKANLAEGGNING
DE4115408A1 (en) * 1991-05-10 1992-11-12 Sicowa Verfahrenstech METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DRYING SLUDGE OR DAMP DUMP
US5263263A (en) * 1993-02-26 1993-11-23 Corning Incorporated Rotary dielectric drying of ceramic honeycomb ware
DE4324491C2 (en) * 1993-07-21 1997-02-06 Mahlo Gmbh & Co Kg Method and device for measuring organic and inorganic accompanying loads in textile goods
US6253787B1 (en) * 1999-05-21 2001-07-03 M-I L.L.C. Fluid flow and pressure control system and method
AU2004218726B2 (en) * 1999-05-21 2006-09-07 M-I L.L.C. Fluid flow and pressure control system and method
KR100591794B1 (en) * 2006-02-28 2006-06-26 정석윤 Far infrared ray dyeing device
CN102927801B (en) * 2012-11-21 2015-08-26 王兆进 A kind of energy-saving dryer with infrared system, fluidic system and infrared system

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NL65428C (en) * 1947-03-18
US2698488A (en) 1950-01-10 1955-01-04 Celanese Corp Drying of yarn packages
FR1210857A (en) * 1958-04-24 1960-03-11 Scholl A G Method for continuous drying of spools of thread and device for carrying out this method
US3071868A (en) 1959-03-18 1963-01-08 Metal Box Co Ltd Curing ink applied to hollow plastic articles
FR1381525A (en) * 1963-10-30 1964-12-14 Vide Soc Gen Du Improvements to drying processes
FR1398016A (en) * 1964-03-24 1965-05-07 Vide Soc Gen Du Improvements to the drying of thin materials
GB1486415A (en) * 1974-09-16 1977-09-21 Wira & Mather Method and means for drying objects of or containing textile fibres
FR2299443A1 (en) * 1974-10-11 1976-08-27 Mhm Electronic Yarn packages are heat treated dielectrically - by passage through high frequency field formed between electrodes
GB2047396B (en) 1979-03-29 1983-08-03 Casburt Ltd Drying slurries
GB2056642B (en) 1979-08-08 1983-05-11 Dawson Int Radio frequency drying of textile material

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8993030B2 (en) * 2005-09-23 2015-03-31 Conopco Low pH aerated products
CN108800867A (en) * 2018-04-18 2018-11-13 蒋超 Textile production drying unit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3142172A1 (en) 1983-05-05
DE3142172C2 (en) 1991-02-14
EP0077969A1 (en) 1983-05-04
US4428127A (en) 1984-01-31

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