Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
  • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
  • B63B35/003—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for for transporting very large loads, e.g. offshore structure modules
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
  • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
  • B63B1/02—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement
  • B63B1/10—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls
  • B63B1/107—Semi-submersibles; Small waterline area multiple hull vessels and the like, e.g. SWATH
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
  • B63B77/00—Transporting or installing offshore structures on site using buoyancy forces, e.g. using semi-submersible barges, ballasting the structure or transporting of oil-and-gas platforms
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
  • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
  • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
  • E02B2017/0039—Methods for placing the offshore structure
  • E02B2017/0047—Methods for placing the offshore structure using a barge

Definitions

• the invention relates to a device for lifting and transporting a load, with adjustable buoyancy, for work at sea, said device consisting of two parallel groups of floats connected at one of their ends, each group comprising a horizontal float on which are fixed, by one of their ends, vertical floats, one end of a group being connected to one end of the other group by a horizontal float and spacers.
• the invention also relates to a method for implementing said device. Work at sea and in particular the construction or maintenance of oil platforms require powerful means of transport and lifting using barges and barge cranes whose limited capacities pose problems requiring complex and expensive solutions.
• French Patent No. 2,474,992 describes a device with adjustable buoyancy allowing lifting to significant load heights exceeding the possibilities of the barge cranes available.
• the device is in the form of a U made up of two groups: parallel. floats connected at one of their ends: by a float with a horizontal axis and by partially removable spacers.
• the horizontal and vertical floats are ballastable.
• the vertical floats of a group are connected; at their emerging end by spacers; forming a longitudinal beam.
• the load is placed between the two longitudinal beams while the pumps and the control station are arranged on the spacers forming a transverse beam at the end of the groups of floats.
• Such a device is used inter alia for the establishment of bridges on the columns, during the construction or dismantling of the platforms.
• the bridge is brought to work on barges from where it is taken up by the adjustable buoyancy device which is brought above the columns and on either side of these. After ballasting, the bridge comes to rest on the columns.
• any lifting means applying to the edges of the bridge or of the building element, subjects the latter to stresses which require strengthening of the structure to avoid deformations.
• the structure of a bridge is designed to rest at four or more points located inside the perimeter of the bridge and which transmits all the forces to the columns.
• the distribution of bending moments in the structure of the bridge corresponds approximately to that of a beam resting at two non-extreme points.
• the distribution of the bending moments corresponds to that of a beam resting at its ends.
• the creation of a structure capable of meeting both conditions leads to a non-negligible increase in manufacturing costs, as a result of the increase in the weight of the bridge itself.
• the object of the invention is a lifting device.
• adjustable buoyancy comprising means for supporting the fully equipped bridge, which does not require a strengthening of its structure, and a method for implementing said device.
• FIG. 1 represents a longitudinal view of the device according to the invention.
• Figure 2 is a plan view of the same device.
• FIG. 3 is a view according to section III III of FIG. 1.
• FIG. 4 is a view along section IV IY of FIG. 1.
• Figure 5 is a plan view and partial section of a support beam.
• FIG. 6 is a sectional view along VI VI of FIG. 5.
• Figure 7 is a view along VII of the figure
• Figure 8 is an enlarged view of detail VIII of Figure 6.
• FIG. 9 is a view along IX of FIG. 8.
• FIG. 10 is a sectional view along X X of FIG. 8.
• FIG. 11 represents a side view and partially cut away of the first step of the method of implementing the device of the invention.
• FIGS. 12 to 22 show the different stages of the method according to the invention, seen according to section XII XII of FIG. 11.
• Figures 1 and 2 show in longitudinal and plan view the adjustable buoyancy device according to the invention, consisting of two parallel groups 1 and 2 of floats. Each group includes a horizontal float 3, 4 on which are fixed by one of their ends, vertical floats 5 to 14.
• the two groups are connected at one of their ends by transverse horizontal floats 15, 16 (Fig, 4).
• the floats 15 and 16 are fixed in line with the vertical floats 9 and 14 at the end and the penultimate floats 8, 13 arranged approximately a quarter of the length of the groups with respect to one end.
• the vertical floats are held at their upper part by longitudinal beams 17 and 18 and by a transverse box beam 19 covering all the space between the vertical floats 13, 14, 18, 19.
• the box beam is fixed on the face upper of the longitudinal beams 17, 18.
• At least part of the horizontal and vertical floats are divided into compartments by watertight partitions (not shown) and are equipped with ballasting and dewatering circuits (not shown) controlling the buoyancy and attitude of the device.
• the vertical floats 7 and 12 arranged approximately at the middle part of each group, can optionally be placed in communication, on the one hand, with the sea by means consisting of valves of large diameter and , on the other hand, with the atmosphere by air purges.
• the movements of the lifting device due to swell are greatly reduced.
• the space between the vertical floats 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12 is completely free in the vertical and longitudinal direction, and the space between the floats 8, 9, 13, 14 is free longitudinally and limited in the direction vertical by the box beam 19 and the horizontal floats 15 and 16.
• the vertical free passage between the horizontal floats 15, 16 and the beam 19 is of the order of 15 meters and the transverse free passage , of the order of 30 meters.
• transverse mobile support beams 20, 21, 22, 23 capable of moving along their longitudinal axis.
• the beams can also be moved along the longitudinal beams 17, 18 and immobilized, by known means, in positions determined according to the dimensional characteristics of the load. The production of the mobile support beams will be described later.
• the adjustable buoyancy device is equipped with eight anchors 27, 28 mounted at the end of cables wound on winches 24 and 25, on which it can be tanned or immobilized.
• the distribution of the anchors is as follows: four anchors 28 at the bow, two to port and two to starboard, and four anchors 27, aft, two to port and two to starboard. These anchors allow inter alia the transverse and longitudinal displacements of the device.
• the winches 24 and 25 are arranged in the box girder 19 and the port anchors 28 are controlled by the starboard winches 25 and vice versa for the starboard anchors. This arrangement allows good winding of the cables on the winches.
• the box girder is completely sealed, the accesses and exits are provided. only on the top or roof of the beam.
• Known means such as ladders and / or stairs, connect the roof to the longitudinal beams 17, 18.
• the movable support beams 20, 21, 22, 23 shown in FIGS. 5, 6, 7 consist of an arm 26 formed of a rectangular box structure 29 having a prismatic end 30 provided with a fork 31.
• This arm slides longitudinally between the branches of a stirrup 32 on a sole 33 made, for example, of an antifriction bronze.
• a rack 36 cooperating with a pinion 37 mounted at the end of the shaft of a motor 38 fixed to the cross-member 35.
• the control of this motor allows the movement of the arm 26 and its positioning under means supports 39 fixed to the load.
• the fingers 311, 312 of the fork 31 carry supports 40, 41, elastic, formed in known manner of alternating layers of elastomer and metal sheets vulcanized together. The role of these supports will be specified later.
• the supports 40, 41 come into contact with the supports 39 (Fig. 6) fixed to the load.
• FIGs 8, 9, 10 show larger different scale views of detail VIII of Figure 6.
• the platform bridge part of the elements of which is shown in broken lines, consists of main beams bearing on load-bearing legs 42.
• the main beams carry legs intended to serve as support for the bridge structure when it rests on the columns of the marine structure or "jacket".
• a cylindrical-conical centering piece 43 is fixed to the end of the legs and is capable of engaging in the tubes which form the columns.
• a support 39 forming a U whose transverse branch 44 carries a central bore 45 capable of receiving the tube 42.
• the lateral branches 46, 47 of the U are, seen in plan , triangular and form vis-à-vis the transverse branch 44 of the reinforcement gussets which take up the forces exerted at the ends of said branch.
• the support 39 is welded perpendicularly to the tube 42 along its central bore and, by its lateral branches, along a generatrix of the tube,
• the branch 44 forms two cross members of sufficient length to rest on the supports 40, 41 of the fork 31.
• the elastic supports 40, 41 play the role of shock absorbers and avoid the violent shocks which could occur during the lifting and / or the positioning of the bridge giving it a certain degree of freedom in the transverse direction (shown by the arrow Fig. 9).
• the lifting and transport device has an overall length of 61 meters, an overall width of 41 meters and a height of 19 meters with longitudinal beams and 24 meters with box girder . It is capable of transporting and lifting a load of around 2,000 tonnes. The living quarters are planned for 80 men.
• FIG. 11 to 22 show the different stages of lifting and placing a bridge on the columns of the marine structure.
• Figures 11 and 12 show, in elevation and in section, the arrival of the barge 50 supporting the bridge 51.
• the barge enters from the rear of the lifting and transport device between the groups of floats 1, 2, the support beams 20, 21, 22, 23 being retracted outward in the direction of the arrow.
• the ballast of the barge is such that it allows it to pass freely under the box girder 19.
• the bridge is maintained on the barge, in known manner, the ends of the legs of the bridge cooperating with supporting columns forming part of a lattice structure fixed to the deck of the barge.
• the ends of the support columns of the barge have a shape and a relative position identical to those of the columns of the marine structure or "jacket".
• the height of the columns is provided so that, under the buoyancy conditions defined above, the structure of the bridge is at a level higher than that of the support beams 20, 21, 22, 23.
• the two previous operations are carried out without modifying the ballasting of the barge and the lifting device.
• the device is deballasted to increase its buoyancy and bring the forks 31 and the supports 39 into contact (Pig.14).
• Deballasting is continued so that the load rests entirely on the support beams via the forks 31 and the supports 39 (Fig.15).
• Deballasting is continued to completely disengage the barge 50 (Fig.
• the device carrying the load is towed to the site (Fig. 17) and, after possible deballasting, is placed above the structure to support the load, that is to say above the columns of the structure marine 52 (fig. 18).
• the load is positioned exactly below the columns by the operations of the device on its anchors.
• the device is ballasted until the legs of the bridge come into contact with the columns of the structure (Fig. 19) and continued (Fig. 20) until the weight of the load is transferred to the columns.
• the support beams are retracted outwards in the direction of the arrows (Fig. 21) and the device is released from the platform.
• the vertical floats (7, 12) of the middle of the device are preferably placed in communication with the sea to reduce the effects of the swell, the residual movements being absorbed by the elastic supports placed on the forks of the support beams.
• the device according to the invention therefore allows, in a simple manner and without immobilization of significant means, the fitting or removal of the bridge, equipped or not, on marine structures with columns of the "jacket" type or others and, consequently, changing the destination of a platform, provided that these supports have the same relative positions and shapes.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Transportation (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
• Ship Loading And Unloading (AREA)
• Jib Cranes (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=9262960

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (9)

Families Citing this family (38)

Family Cites Families (8)

• 1981
  • 1981-10-12 FR FR8119164A patent/FR2514317A1/fr active Granted
• 1982
  • 1982-10-12 BR BR8207921A patent/BR8207921A/pt unknown
  • 1982-10-12 DE DE8282903047T patent/DE3278264D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1982-10-12 EP EP82903047A patent/EP0090006B1/de not_active Expired
  • 1982-10-12 JP JP57503122A patent/JPS58501587A/ja active Granted
  • 1982-10-12 WO PCT/FR1982/000166 patent/WO1983001235A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 1982-10-12 US US06/503,158 patent/US4556004A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1982-10-12 AU AU89948/82A patent/AU549720B2/en not_active Ceased
• 1983
  • 1983-06-10 SU SU833609891A patent/SU1308189A3/ru active

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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