EP0094757A2 - Atemschutzgerät - Google Patents

Atemschutzgerät Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0094757A2
EP0094757A2 EP83302484A EP83302484A EP0094757A2 EP 0094757 A2 EP0094757 A2 EP 0094757A2 EP 83302484 A EP83302484 A EP 83302484A EP 83302484 A EP83302484 A EP 83302484A EP 0094757 A2 EP0094757 A2 EP 0094757A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
facepiece
air
wearer
inlet
respirator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP83302484A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0094757A3 (en
EP0094757B1 (de
Inventor
Raymond Odell
Richard Kevin O'connor
David Brian Edward
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Racal Safety Ltd
Original Assignee
Racal Safety Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=10530349&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0094757(A2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Racal Safety Ltd filed Critical Racal Safety Ltd
Priority to AT83302484T priority Critical patent/ATE28572T1/de
Publication of EP0094757A2 publication Critical patent/EP0094757A2/de
Publication of EP0094757A3 publication Critical patent/EP0094757A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0094757B1 publication Critical patent/EP0094757B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B18/00—Breathing masks or helmets, e.g. affording protection against chemical agents or for use at high altitudes or incorporating a pump or compressor for reducing the inhalation effort
    • A62B18/006—Breathing masks or helmets, e.g. affording protection against chemical agents or for use at high altitudes or incorporating a pump or compressor for reducing the inhalation effort with pumps for forced ventilation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to improvements in respirators for use in contaminated atmospheres.
  • respirators for use in dusty atmospheres are known.
  • respirators normally include a pump which supplies filtered air from the atmosphere to a facepiece covering at least the nose and mouth of the wearer.
  • the facepiece generally includes a one-way outlet valve which is operative to maintain under normal conditions a slight positive pressure within the facepiece, for example according to British standard 4558 a pressure of 125 pascals at 85 litres/minute.
  • the pump is arranged to supply air to the facepiece at a constant rate, for example about 120 litres per minute, which is greatly in excess of the average inspiratory requirements of the wearer.
  • U.K. and European standards require a minimum flow of 120 litres per minute for four hours in order to sustain a degree of positive pressure within the mask even at typical peak inhalation rates.
  • the rel-- evant standard requires a minimum flow of 113 litres per minute for tight fitting full face masks and 170 litres per minute for helmets and hoods.
  • the filters are used up much faster than they need to be and indeed only about one third of the capacity of a filter is effectively used for filtering air which is breathed.
  • Dust and other particulate material filters have a relatively long life and such inefficient use can be tolerated.
  • gas and vapour filters usually in the form of canisters containing granulated activated charcoal, silica gel, molecular sieve material or similar materials, have a much shorter life such that their use in power assisted respirators has not to date been considered practical.
  • most gas and vapour filtering respirators are unpowered, the wearer drawing air into the facepiece through the filter using the power of his lungs.
  • a power assisted respirator comprising a facepiece for covering at least the mouth of the wearer and having an inlet and an outlet, one-way valve means in the outlet which is openable during exhalation by the wearer to permit air to flow out of the facepiece when a predetermined differential pressure is established thereacross, pump means connected to th inlet for supplying air to the facepiece, and filter means for filtering air supplied by the pump means to the facepiece, characterised in that a one-way valve is provided in the path of air flowing from the pump means to the facepiece, which valve means is arranged to be closed during exhalation by the wearer when the pressure downstream thereof exceeds that upstream thereof and so that the pump means will thereby be placed in a condition such that, although the pump means continues to operate, little or substantially no air is driven thereby.
  • a method of operating a power assisted respirator comprising a facepiece for covering at least the mouth of the wearer and having an inlet and an outlet, one-way valve means in the outlet which is openable to permit air to flow out of the facepiece, pump means connected to the inlet for supplying air to the facepiece , and filter means for filtering air supplied by the pump means to the facepiece, the method comprising providing a one-way valve means in the path of air flowing from the pump means to the facepiece and causing the one-way valve means to be closed during exhalation by the wearer so as to place the pump means in a condition such that, although it continues to operate, little or substantially no air is driven thereby.
  • the outlet valve is arranged to open when the pressure within the facepiece exceeds about 600 pascals, e.g. as set out in British standard 4667 Part 2 relating to respirators using bottled gas (rather than the much lower operating pressures normally required for power assisted positive pressure respirators).
  • the pump is arranged to cease or substantially cease pumping effectively when the pressure downstream of the pump and upstream of the inlet valve is about 600 pascals.
  • the pump may optionally be arranged to provide a maximum of about 200 litres per minute and a minimum of 0 litres per minute, depending on demand and the resistance to flow presented by the filter means.
  • the proportion of the filter means which is effectively used for filtering air which is then breathed can be increased from one third to at least 80%.
  • the facepiece may be a partial or full face mask, or may be in the form of a helmet or hood if adequately sealed to the head, which may be connected by a flexible hose to a unit including the pump and filter means.
  • the filter means comprise one or more cartridges or canisters of filter material which are removably mounted on the inlet to the pump.
  • the pump preferably comprises a fan driven by a motor which is battery operated so that the assembly is portable.
  • the respirator shown in Figures 1 and 2 comprises a facepiece 1 which, as shown, is a full face mask covering the eyes, nose and mouth of the wearer, and which is peripherally sealed to the head of the wearer.
  • the facepiece 1 is provided with an outlet provided with a one-way outlet or exhalation valve 2 through which air leaves the mask, and an inlet 3 which is connected by a flexible hose 4 to a unit 5.
  • the unit 5 is, as shown, supported by a harness on the back of the wearer but may alternatively be mounted by a similar harness on the front of the wearer.
  • the unit 5 comprises a housing in which a pump unit comp-' rising a fan, for example a centrifugal fan, and a battery operated motor are housed.
  • the housing has an outlet 8 defining the outlet of the fan and to which the hose 4 is connected, and one or a plurality of, e.g. as shown three, inlets 10 connected to the fan inlet.
  • Each of the housing inlets 10 is threaded to receive a filter cartridge or canister 11, which may comprise a particulate filter material and/or a gas or vapour filter material.
  • a filter cartridge or canister 11 may be mounted on the or each or some of the inlets 10 and any unused inlets may be closed by a plug 12.
  • the motor is connected, as shown, by a cable 27 to a separate unit comprising a battery 6 and optionally an off/on switch 7 controlling power supplied to the motor.
  • a separate unit comprising a battery 6 and optionally an off/on switch 7 controlling power supplied to the motor.
  • the battery and, where provided, the switch may be mounted within the unit 5.
  • the outlet valve 2 is biased to its closed position, for example by a helical spring 14, and so that the valve will only open to permit air to flow out of the facepiece when the air within the facepiece is at a preset pressure above atmospheric pressure, for example so that the valve will open when the pressure within the facepiece is about 600 pascals.
  • a one-way inlet valve 13 is mounted in the inlet 3 of the facepiece and is openable to permit air to flow from the pump to the facepiece.
  • the valve 13 may, for example, be a flap valve and is unbiased so that the valve will close as soon as the pressure downstream thereof within the facepiece exceeds that upstream thereof within the hose 4.
  • valve 2 Towards the end of exhalation, the pressure within the facepiece will fall causing valve 2 to close and causing valve 13 to open, when the pressure falls below that in hose 4. At this point the pump will start to operate effectively again to supply to the facepiece the air required for inhalation.
  • the effective operation of the pump can be made to vary with the breathing cycle of the wearer. This then reduces the amount of air which is drawn into the facepiece through the filters and which is not then breathed so that a point can be reached where at least 80% of the life of the filters is used for filtering air which is then inhaled.
  • FIG. 5 shows schematically the presently preferred operation of the pump unit 5 and inlet and outlet valves 12 and 2 in relation to the respiratory cycle of the wearer. As shown valves 13 and 2 open and close at about the same points in the respiratory cycle, although these points may be relatively displaced.
  • the facepiece includes an inner mask 15 which closely surrounds the nose and mouth of the wearer and is provided with one or more one-way inlet valves 16.
  • These valves may for example be flap valves which are unbiased and serve to prevent flow of exhaled air into the total volume of the facepiece so as to limit the amount of exhaled air which may be re-breathed.
  • valve 13 may be omitted, the or each valve 16 performing its function.
  • the pump unit 5 shown in Figure 4 comprises a motor 26 connected by cable 27 to the battery and to the shaft 28 of a centrifugal fan 29 whose outlet is connected to outlet 8 provided by the unit housing.
  • the fan inlet is connected, as shown, to three inlets 10 provided by the housing, each of which is threaded to receive a filter canister or cartridge 11.
  • One, two or three cartridges or canisters may be used and any unused inlets may be closed by a plug 12.
  • the outlet valve 2 is arranged, as previously mentioned, to open when the pressure in the facepiece is about 600 pascals.
  • the inlet valve 13 closes as soon as the pressure within the facepiece exceeds that within the hose 4, which is generally when the pressure within the facepiece is about 600 pascals, and the fan 29 is arranged to provide up to about 200 litres per minute depending on demand.
  • the pressure in the hose 4 will be about 600 pascals but just below the pressure in the facepiece, and at these pressures, the fan will then be placed in a condition in which, although it continues to rotate, no or substantially no air flows therethrough and specifically no air is drawn thereby into the unit housing and through the filter cartirdges or canisters.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
  • Dc Digital Transmission (AREA)
  • Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
EP83302484A 1982-05-13 1983-05-03 Atemschutzgerät Expired EP0094757B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83302484T ATE28572T1 (de) 1982-05-13 1983-05-03 Atemschutzgeraet.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8214007 1982-05-13
GB8214007 1982-05-13

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0094757A2 true EP0094757A2 (de) 1983-11-23
EP0094757A3 EP0094757A3 (en) 1984-05-16
EP0094757B1 EP0094757B1 (de) 1987-07-29

Family

ID=10530349

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83302484A Expired EP0094757B1 (de) 1982-05-13 1983-05-03 Atemschutzgerät

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0094757B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS58209362A (de)
AT (1) ATE28572T1 (de)
AU (1) AU554194B2 (de)
DE (1) DE3372713D1 (de)
FI (1) FI831691L (de)
NO (1) NO831677L (de)
ZA (1) ZA833204B (de)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0130707A3 (en) * 1983-06-07 1985-08-21 Racal Safety Limited Improvements in and relating to breathing apparatus
EP0164946A3 (de) * 1984-06-06 1986-06-25 Racal Safety Limited Athemschutzmasken
EP0182235A3 (en) * 1984-11-15 1987-02-04 Gfg Ges Fuer Geraetebau Breathing protection hood
EP0241188A1 (de) * 1986-04-03 1987-10-14 Racal Safety Limited Atemschutzgeräte
GB2215615A (en) * 1988-03-21 1989-09-27 Sabre Safety Ltd Breathing apparatus
US4905687A (en) * 1987-10-05 1990-03-06 Kemira Oy Method and apparatus for regulating air supplied to a gas mask
DE3908057A1 (de) * 1989-03-13 1990-09-20 Kemira Oy Verfahren zur regulierung der einer gasmaske zugefuehrten luftmenge und gasmaske, bei der dieses verfahren angewandt ist
US5372130A (en) * 1992-02-26 1994-12-13 Djs&T Limited Partnership Face mask assembly and method having a fan and replaceable filter
US5671730A (en) * 1994-02-25 1997-09-30 Kemira Safety Oy Gas mask with electronic blower control
US7380551B2 (en) 2003-03-21 2008-06-03 Tvi Corporation Breathing apparatus
US7647927B2 (en) 2003-08-22 2010-01-19 Wilcox Industries Corp. Self-contained breathing system
CN104225829A (zh) * 2014-07-17 2014-12-24 艾尔康居（北京）科技有限公司 一种主动送气式防尘口罩
CN104248800A (zh) * 2013-06-25 2014-12-31 卢献斌 口罩便携式空气清新机
CN107405508A (zh) * 2015-04-03 2017-11-28 米克罗斯菲尔有限公司 呼吸面罩、系统及方法
CN116077848A (zh) * 2023-02-27 2023-05-09 江苏海拓科技有限公司 一种双层浮动过滤式呼吸面罩
US12138491B2 (en) 2015-07-07 2024-11-12 3M Innovative Properties Company Powered exhaust apparatus for a personal protection respiratory device

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE68909707T2 (de) * 1988-07-26 1994-02-03 Racal Health & Safety Ltd Atemgerät.

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR785223A (fr) 1934-09-21 1935-08-05 Cela Holding S A Appareil portatif de protection contre les gaz
FR1037477A (fr) 1951-05-24 1953-09-17 Dispositif inhalateur d'air pur pour travaux de peinture, de sablage et autres
GB2058577A (en) 1979-09-25 1981-04-15 Racal Safety Ltd Improvements in and relating to breathing apparatus

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH202373A (fr) * 1936-06-11 1939-01-15 Bez Casimir Appareil respiratoire.
FR1320829A (fr) * 1962-01-30 1963-03-15 Houilleres Bassin Du Nord Aérateur autonome pour la respiration en atmosphère polluée
GB2032284B (en) * 1978-10-02 1982-11-10 Racal Safety Ltd Breathing apparatus
US4430995A (en) * 1981-05-29 1984-02-14 Hilton Joseph R Power assisted air-purifying respirators

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR785223A (fr) 1934-09-21 1935-08-05 Cela Holding S A Appareil portatif de protection contre les gaz
FR1037477A (fr) 1951-05-24 1953-09-17 Dispositif inhalateur d'air pur pour travaux de peinture, de sablage et autres
GB2058577A (en) 1979-09-25 1981-04-15 Racal Safety Ltd Improvements in and relating to breathing apparatus

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0130707A3 (en) * 1983-06-07 1985-08-21 Racal Safety Limited Improvements in and relating to breathing apparatus
EP0164946A3 (de) * 1984-06-06 1986-06-25 Racal Safety Limited Athemschutzmasken
EP0182235A3 (en) * 1984-11-15 1987-02-04 Gfg Ges Fuer Geraetebau Breathing protection hood
EP0448131A3 (en) * 1984-11-15 1991-11-27 Gfg Gesellschaft Fuer Geraetebau Mbh Breathing protection mask
EP0241188A1 (de) * 1986-04-03 1987-10-14 Racal Safety Limited Atemschutzgeräte
US4905687A (en) * 1987-10-05 1990-03-06 Kemira Oy Method and apparatus for regulating air supplied to a gas mask
AU610699B2 (en) * 1987-10-05 1991-05-23 Kemira Oy A method for regulating the amount of air supplied to gas mask and a gas mask, in which this method is implemented
GB2215615A (en) * 1988-03-21 1989-09-27 Sabre Safety Ltd Breathing apparatus
US4886056A (en) * 1988-03-21 1989-12-12 Sabre Safety Limited Breathing apparatus
GB2215615B (en) * 1988-03-21 1991-12-18 Sabre Safety Ltd Breathing apparatus
DE3908057A1 (de) * 1989-03-13 1990-09-20 Kemira Oy Verfahren zur regulierung der einer gasmaske zugefuehrten luftmenge und gasmaske, bei der dieses verfahren angewandt ist
US5372130A (en) * 1992-02-26 1994-12-13 Djs&T Limited Partnership Face mask assembly and method having a fan and replaceable filter
US5671730A (en) * 1994-02-25 1997-09-30 Kemira Safety Oy Gas mask with electronic blower control
US7380551B2 (en) 2003-03-21 2008-06-03 Tvi Corporation Breathing apparatus
US7543584B2 (en) 2003-03-21 2009-06-09 Interspiro, Inc. Powered air purifying respirator system and breathing apparatus
US7647927B2 (en) 2003-08-22 2010-01-19 Wilcox Industries Corp. Self-contained breathing system
US8113198B2 (en) 2003-08-22 2012-02-14 Wilcox Industries Corp. Self-contained breathing system
US10130831B2 (en) 2003-08-22 2018-11-20 Patriot Life Support, Inc. Self-contained breathing system
CN104248800A (zh) * 2013-06-25 2014-12-31 卢献斌 口罩便携式空气清新机
CN104225829A (zh) * 2014-07-17 2014-12-24 艾尔康居（北京）科技有限公司 一种主动送气式防尘口罩
CN107405508A (zh) * 2015-04-03 2017-11-28 米克罗斯菲尔有限公司 呼吸面罩、系统及方法
EP3277386A4 (de) * 2015-04-03 2018-11-07 Microsfere Pte. Ltd. Atemmasken, systeme und verfahren
US12138491B2 (en) 2015-07-07 2024-11-12 3M Innovative Properties Company Powered exhaust apparatus for a personal protection respiratory device
CN116077848A (zh) * 2023-02-27 2023-05-09 江苏海拓科技有限公司 一种双层浮动过滤式呼吸面罩
CN116077848B (zh) * 2023-02-27 2023-10-20 江苏海拓科技有限公司 一种双层浮动过滤式呼吸面罩

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3372713D1 (en) 1987-09-03
ZA833204B (en) 1984-01-25
AU554194B2 (en) 1986-08-14
FI831691A7 (fi) 1983-11-14
EP0094757A3 (en) 1984-05-16
FI831691L (fi) 1983-11-14
EP0094757B1 (de) 1987-07-29
NO831677L (no) 1983-11-14
JPS58209362A (ja) 1983-12-06
FI831691A0 (fi) 1983-05-13
ATE28572T1 (de) 1987-08-15
AU1399483A (en) 1983-11-17

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