EP0096837B1 - Procédé de préparation d'une électrode activée en carbure de tungstène - Google Patents
Procédé de préparation d'une électrode activée en carbure de tungstène Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0096837B1 EP0096837B1 EP83105608A EP83105608A EP0096837B1 EP 0096837 B1 EP0096837 B1 EP 0096837B1 EP 83105608 A EP83105608 A EP 83105608A EP 83105608 A EP83105608 A EP 83105608A EP 0096837 B1 EP0096837 B1 EP 0096837B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- support
- tungsten
- process according
- tungsten carbide
- tungsten oxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/075—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/042—Electrodes formed of a single material
- C25B11/043—Carbon, e.g. diamond or graphene
Definitions
- tungsten carbide-activated electrode Another known method for producing a tungsten carbide-activated electrode consists in that active tungsten carbide with graphite powder is cold-pressed to the electrode (H. Böhm, Chem.-Ing.-Techn. 49 (1977, 328).
- the cathodes produced in this way only result in relatively low cathodic current densities, which suggests an unfavorable structure of the electrodes.
- an electrode in particular a cathode for the electrolytic decomposition of hydrochloric acid is also known, which has a coating containing tungsten carbide.
- this coating which is applied to the carrier by flame spraying, contains metallic cobalt or nickel in addition to tungsten carbide.
- the carrier is a green body formed from a binder-containing graphite powder, the carrier having a binder content of 10 to 40% by weight. Because a binder is added to the filler grains of the green body, there is also a layer of binder on its surface after the carrier has been produced, so that in this case there is no need to apply an additional binder layer.
- the support may be a porous diaphragm made of graphite.
- the tungsten compound is expediently applied to the carrier using a binder.
- a tungsten oxide powder which has been produced from para-ammonium tungstate via a precipitation reaction to tungstic acid and subsequent decomposition in air at approximately 550 ° C. or direct thermal decomposition of para-ammonium tungstate and whose specific surface area is greater than 10 is advantageously used for application to the carrier m 2 / g.
- the procedure is expediently carried out in such a way that the support with the tungsten oxide thereon is brought to reduce the tungsten oxide under a hydrogen atmosphere or a hydrogen inert gas atmosphere and is heated to a temperature of 370 to 580 ° C.
- the flowing gas is generally 1 to 3 l hydrogen / h per cm 2 cross-sectional area of the vessel in which the carrier is located.
- the heating takes place continuously in 1 to 3 hours from 20 ° C.
- the tungsten oxide (W0 3 ) is reduced to a mixture of different oxide phases with the composition WO X (0.33 ⁇ x ⁇ 3).
- the sample is expediently carried out in an inert gas atmosphere (e.g. about 21 / h flowing argon per cm 2 cross-sectional area of the vessel) in about 0.7 to 2 hours at 1 to 2 ° K / min Heated up to 620 ° C.
- an inert gas atmosphere e.g. about 21 / h flowing argon per cm 2 cross-sectional area of the vessel
- the carrier with the tungsten oxide located thereon is then heated in the temperature range from 620 to 950 ° C. at a temperature rise of approximately 1 ° K / min under a flowing CO / CO 2 atmosphere.
- the volume ratio of the CO to CO 2 is expediently about 10: 1, the volume flow about 1.5 I / h per cm 2 cross-sectional area of the vessel.
- the carburization time should last at most until all tungsten oxide has been converted into tungsten carbide. In order to achieve the highest possible electrochemical activity of the electrode, however, it may be expedient not to convert the tungsten oxide applied completely into tungsten carbide, but to leave a portion, albeit very small, of tungsten oxide.
- the carrier with the tungsten carbide layer formed is kept at 750 ° C. under flowing hydrogen gas in order to reduce any carbon present on the carrier surface.
- Electrodes produced by the method according to the invention consist in its use as a cathode in an electrolysis cell for carrying out the sulfuric acid hybrid cycle process or as a cathode in an electrolysis cell for the anodic oxidation of SO 2 exhaust gases with simultaneous cathodic H 2 production.
- Argon (20 l / h) was then passed through the quartz tube and the compacts were further heated up to 500.degree.
- the heating rate was 2.5 ° K / min.
- the compacts were heated from 580 ° C with a temperature increase of 1.4 ° K / min to 760 ° C, whereby a gas mixture of CO and C0 2 (CO / C0 2 volume ratio 9: 1; volume flow up to 15 l / h) was passed through the pipe.
- the finished electrodes with the tungsten carbide-activated surface were examined electrochemically at 80 ° C. in 50% by weight H 2 SO 4 .
- the cathodic current density of the hydrogen evolution was recorded as a measure of the activity of the electrode.
- a current density of 210 mA / cm 2 was achieved under the test conditions mentioned.
- the electrode was operated under the aforementioned conditions for 1000 hours and remained practically without weight loss.
- a carrier made of electrographite was coated with a 20% (w / w) solution of phenolic resin Spread binder in methanol. The resulting very thin binder layer was then coated uniformly with tungsten oxide powder (170 mg / cm 2 ).
- the WC1 6 was first heated to about 240 ° C in a stationary argon / hydrogen atmosphere and then the graphite disc was quickly inductively heated to about 650 ° C.
- the gas flow was then started from bottom to top and an argon / hydrogen gas mixture (4% hydrogen content) was passed through the quartz tube at a rate of 10 l / min.
- the exhaust gases were neutralized with NaOH in a wash bottle downstream of the quartz tube.
- the WC1 6 vapor with the H 2 of the carrier gas on the surface of the graphite disc was reduced to tungsten metal and the surface was coated.
- a layer thickness of about 10 ⁇ m was generated in two minutes, regardless of the roughness of the surface of the graphite disc.
- a coating time of about 3 minutes a layer thickness of 15 1 1 m was achieved.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Claims (18)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT83105608T ATE29155T1 (de) | 1982-06-15 | 1983-06-08 | Verfahren zur herstellung einer wolframcarbidaktivierten elektrode. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3222436 | 1982-06-15 | ||
| DE3222436A DE3222436C2 (de) | 1982-06-15 | 1982-06-15 | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer wolframcarbidaktivierten Elektrode und deren Verwendung |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0096837A1 EP0096837A1 (fr) | 1983-12-28 |
| EP0096837B1 true EP0096837B1 (fr) | 1987-08-26 |
Family
ID=6166093
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP83105608A Expired EP0096837B1 (fr) | 1982-06-15 | 1983-06-08 | Procédé de préparation d'une électrode activée en carbure de tungstène |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4702784A (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0096837B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JPS596388A (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE29155T1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA1203722A (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE3222436C2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3611938C1 (de) * | 1986-04-09 | 1987-10-15 | Kernforschungsanlage Juelich | Kathoden-Membran-Einheit und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
| GB2231885A (en) * | 1989-05-24 | 1990-11-28 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Protective carbide coatings for carbon elements |
| DE4226076A1 (de) * | 1992-08-06 | 1994-02-10 | Siemens Ag | Elektrodenanordnung für Gasentladungsschalter |
| KR100777148B1 (ko) * | 2000-06-30 | 2007-11-19 | 생-고뱅 어브레이시브즈, 인코포레이티드 | 초연삭제에 금속으로 코팅하는 방법 |
| US7727927B2 (en) * | 2000-09-29 | 2010-06-01 | Global Tungsten & Powders Corp. | Method of making tungsten-containing fuel cell catalysts |
| GB2383998A (en) * | 2000-09-29 | 2003-07-16 | Osram Sylvania Inc | Tungsten carbide material |
| US6696184B1 (en) | 2000-09-29 | 2004-02-24 | Osram Sylvania Inc. | Supported tungsten carbide material |
| US6656870B2 (en) | 2000-09-29 | 2003-12-02 | Osram Sylvania Inc. | Tungsten-containing fuel cell catalyst and method of making same |
| US8057962B2 (en) * | 2003-03-26 | 2011-11-15 | Global Tungsten & Powders Corp. | Tungsten-based electrocatalyst and fuel cell containing same |
| JP2006107987A (ja) * | 2004-10-07 | 2006-04-20 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | 燃料電池用触媒、該触媒を用いた燃料電池及び膜電極接合体 |
| EP2316252B1 (fr) | 2008-08-04 | 2018-10-31 | AGC Flat Glass North America, Inc. | Source de plasma et procédé pour déposer des revêtements de film mince en utilisant un dépôt chimique en phase vapeur renforcé par plasma |
| DE112011103494T5 (de) * | 2011-03-30 | 2013-09-26 | Xiamen Golden Egret Special Alloy Co., Ltd. | Herstellungsverfahren von nanonadelförmigem purpurfarbenem Wolframoxid für die Industrie |
| EA201791234A1 (ru) | 2014-12-05 | 2017-11-30 | Эй-Джи-Си Гласс Юроуп, С.А. | Плазменный источник с полым катодом |
| BR112017011770A2 (pt) | 2014-12-05 | 2017-12-26 | Agc Flat Glass Na Inc | fonte de plasma que utiliza um revestimento de redução de macro partícula e método de usar a fonte de plasma que utiliza um revestimento de redução de macro partícula para a deposição de revestimentos de filme fino e modificação de superfícies |
| US9721765B2 (en) | 2015-11-16 | 2017-08-01 | Agc Flat Glass North America, Inc. | Plasma device driven by multiple-phase alternating or pulsed electrical current |
| US10573499B2 (en) | 2015-12-18 | 2020-02-25 | Agc Flat Glass North America, Inc. | Method of extracting and accelerating ions |
| US10242846B2 (en) | 2015-12-18 | 2019-03-26 | Agc Flat Glass North America, Inc. | Hollow cathode ion source |
| CN115233251A (zh) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-10-25 | 北京化工大学 | 一种碳化钨纳米阵列电极电催化氧化二氧化硫的方法及应用 |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1077920A (en) * | 1913-01-27 | 1913-11-04 | Us Smelting Refining & Mining Company | Electrode. |
| SU116653A1 (ru) * | 1957-03-21 | 1957-11-30 | А.Н. Антонов | Способ изготовлени крупногабаритных угольных и графитированных блоков и изделий сложной конфигурации |
| DE1107578B (de) * | 1958-07-18 | 1961-05-25 | Elettrocarbonium S P A Mailand | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Verbindungen zwischen Kohle- oder Graphitformkoerpern untereinander oder mit Metallteilen |
| US3432336A (en) * | 1964-08-25 | 1969-03-11 | North American Rockwell | Impregnation of graphite with refractory carbides |
| US3778300A (en) * | 1966-10-07 | 1973-12-11 | Atomic Energy Commission | Method of forming impermeable carbide coats on graphite |
| DE1299287B (de) * | 1967-04-05 | 1969-07-17 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Elektrode fuer die elektrolytische Zerlegung von Salzsaeure |
| US3619286A (en) * | 1968-12-18 | 1971-11-09 | Budd Co | Cast graphite electrodes for edm applications |
| DE2027472C3 (de) * | 1970-06-04 | 1982-05-19 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Brennstoffkatalysators aus Wolframcarbid für elektrochemische Brennstoffzellen |
| US4126489A (en) * | 1973-07-17 | 1978-11-21 | Varian Associates, Inc. | Method of making cathode heaters |
| DE2445310A1 (de) * | 1974-09-23 | 1976-04-08 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Verfahren zur herstellung von katalysatorelektroden fuer elektrochemische prozesse |
| JPS541300Y2 (fr) * | 1976-02-27 | 1979-01-22 | ||
| JPS5373829A (en) * | 1976-12-14 | 1978-06-30 | Fuji Ps Concrete | Constituent member for concrete board structure |
| DE2739324C3 (de) * | 1977-09-01 | 1981-09-10 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung elektrochemischer Reaktionen sowie dazu geeignete bipolare Elektroden |
| CA1117589A (fr) * | 1978-03-04 | 1982-02-02 | David E. Brown | Methode servant a stabiliser les electrodes enduits d'electrocatalyseurs d'oxydes mixes utilisees dans des piles electrochimiques |
| JPS619445Y2 (fr) * | 1979-04-27 | 1986-03-25 | ||
| US4308114A (en) * | 1980-07-21 | 1981-12-29 | Aluminum Company Of America | Electrolytic production of aluminum using a composite cathode |
| JPS6022072B2 (ja) * | 1982-06-30 | 1985-05-30 | ペルメレツク電極株式会社 | 酸性溶液電解用陰極及びその製造方法 |
-
1982
- 1982-06-15 DE DE3222436A patent/DE3222436C2/de not_active Expired
-
1983
- 1983-06-08 EP EP83105608A patent/EP0096837B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1983-06-08 AT AT83105608T patent/ATE29155T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-06-14 CA CA000430334A patent/CA1203722A/fr not_active Expired
- 1983-06-15 JP JP58106009A patent/JPS596388A/ja active Pending
-
1985
- 1985-06-05 US US06/741,637 patent/US4702784A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3222436A1 (de) | 1983-12-15 |
| US4702784A (en) | 1987-10-27 |
| ATE29155T1 (de) | 1987-09-15 |
| EP0096837A1 (fr) | 1983-12-28 |
| CA1203722A (fr) | 1986-04-29 |
| DE3222436C2 (de) | 1987-02-19 |
| JPS596388A (ja) | 1984-01-13 |
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