EP0096908B2 - Aire en matière en vrac pour terrains de football et procédé pour sa préparation - Google Patents

Aire en matière en vrac pour terrains de football et procédé pour sa préparation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0096908B2
EP0096908B2 EP83200668A EP83200668A EP0096908B2 EP 0096908 B2 EP0096908 B2 EP 0096908B2 EP 83200668 A EP83200668 A EP 83200668A EP 83200668 A EP83200668 A EP 83200668A EP 0096908 B2 EP0096908 B2 EP 0096908B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
particles
bark
bulk material
bulk
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83200668A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0096908B1 (fr
EP0096908A1 (fr
Inventor
Bernd Wengmann
Ernst Habegger
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Individual
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Individual
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Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT83200668T priority Critical patent/ATE14327T1/de
Publication of EP0096908A1 publication Critical patent/EP0096908A1/fr
Publication of EP0096908B1 publication Critical patent/EP0096908B1/fr
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E01C13/06—Pavings made in situ, e.g. for sand grounds, clay courts E01C13/003
    • E01C13/065—Pavings made in situ, e.g. for sand grounds, clay courts E01C13/003 at least one in situ layer consisting of or including bitumen, rubber or plastics
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E01C13/06—Pavings made in situ, e.g. for sand grounds, clay courts E01C13/003

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a bulk material area for soccer fields.
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing such a bulk material surface.
  • Sports fields are subject to very high loads when used as intended, especially if the sport is associated with high positive or negative accelerations in the movement of the athletes and / or sports shoes with studs are used. This is especially true for soccer fields.
  • the cover or covering layer consists of a mechanically compacted mineral material fill made of comparatively inexpensive particulate material, such as lava slag;
  • Known bulk material surfaces for sports or football fields with a mineral surface layer, the so-called turf flooring, and the usual structure of a sub-base or substructure and a multi-layer superstructure are referred to as «turf surfaces» (DIN 18035) or hard courts, the surface layer of which is not necessarily water-permeable .
  • the grip is sufficient for low to medium loads, but usually fails at higher loads due to the curl of the particles the fill.
  • the risk of falling injuries from abrasion / bruising is high. Maintenance, for example by smoothing and rolling, is much easier than that of a lawn.
  • Such a bulk material is considered to be too soft for soccer fields and previous tests with wood bark material have shown that simple fillings, even after rolling, do not have sufficient tread strength for regular soccer games, because an essentially loose particle bed is obtained, the surface of which is loaded by parallel or Forces acting at an acute angle to the surface show practically no cohesion.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a bulk material area for football pitches, the cover layer of which consists at least predominantly of tree bark particles of the type mentioned and nevertheless has the stiffness required for regular game operation.
  • top layer suitable for use as a football field without artificial binder can be obtained from particulate wood bark material; it was rather believed that an unbound bed of wood bark particles would not be able to cope with the surface loads that would occur when used as a regular football field, and the applicant's first attempts with single-layer beds of tree bark particles seemed to confirm this.
  • bulk material area is used in the same way as the term “turf area” and basically means a multi-layer bulk material bed and not a two-dimensional "area” in the geometric sense.
  • Preferred embodiments of the bulk material surface according to the invention have the features specified in claims 2 to 9, the DIN or SNV standard reference referring to the respective German or Swiss standard regulations.
  • the method according to the invention for producing the new bulk material surface has the features specified in claim 10.
  • On the superstructure produced in the usual way see, for example, DIN 18035, at least two superimposed partial layers of different texture are formed as the top layer, preferably fresh or at least slightly rotten wood bark material particles being used as the wood bark material for all partial layers.
  • a pre-orientation of the platelet-shaped particles when building up the partial layers can be achieved by ent speaking storage methods, e.g. B. scattering machines, with predominantly parallel particle delivery or by treating the deposited layer, for. B. with rakes can be achieved.
  • the necessary structuring of the top layer takes place by compacting the individual sub-layers, e.g. by isostatic rolling, typically compacting by in each case at least about 10% and for example about 30% of the thickness of the respective loose bed. In general, there is sufficient minimum resistance to treading when the top layer allows for at least one game without interruptions due to the surface under the usual load for professional football.
  • wood bark materials of various origins deciduous or coniferous trees
  • various types of extraction manual or mechanical debarking
  • Bark and bast material from hard-to-decompose woods in particular hardwoods such as oak, and wood bark with a wood content of 10-30% by weight represent a preferred starting material.
  • a platelet-shaped wood bark material suitable for the invention - hereinafter referred to as a mixture for short - the raw material obtained during debarking, if necessary after comminution, can be obtained by known classification methods such as sieving, sifting and the like.
  • classification methods such as sieving, sifting and the like.
  • the devices suitable for this are known to the person skilled in the art for the production of building material mixtures. Bark products of different origins can also be mixed before or after classification.
  • Suitable platelet-shaped parts or particles of the bark material are capable of forming a bed which, if necessary after prior orientation, can be compressed into a partial layer which, in vertical section, shows an orientation of the particles which is approximately parallel to the surface of the covering.
  • the wood bark material contains little or no fines, e.g. B. less than 10 wt .-% particles with maximum dimensions of less than 6 mm. Particles that are too long or narrow are less suitable, which is why the width-to-length ratio of a considerable (e.g.
  • 50% by weight or more) fraction is at least 1: 4 and accordingly normally at most 1: otherwise the «widths »Dimension becomes the « length »dimension; finally, the smaller area dimension ("width") of an essential and usually at least 50% by weight part of the wood bark material should be at least three times larger than the thickness of the particles.
  • a certain proportion, preferably at least 20% and in particular at least 50% (in each case based on weight) of the wood bark material is preferably formed by particles which have a maximum thickness of approximately 3 mm and each have a total surface area of more than 300 mm 2 .
  • the classification of particles suitable or preferred for the invention can generally be carried out according to known criteria for the assessment of particle sizes or particle shapes, as described in the relevant standard regulations and can be checked by visual inspection, sieving and the like methods.
  • Wood bark material particles are particularly advantageous which, according to SNV standard 670 / 120a, have a non-uniformity index C " of 10-50 or / and a curvature index C e of 1-3.
  • the bulk material surface or bulk material bed 10 lies on a substructure 11, which is either the substrate, i.e. the naturally occurring soil, possibly improved, e.g. B. is by mechanical strengthening or with binder, or a substructure, d. H. a heap on the ground, which can also be improved.
  • a substructure 11 which is either the substrate, i.e. the naturally occurring soil, possibly improved, e.g. B. is by mechanical strengthening or with binder, or a substructure, d. H. a heap on the ground, which can also be improved.
  • the base or substructure 11 is leveled in the usual way with the flatness and inclination values customary for sports fields.
  • the filter layer 12 lying above is the first bed layer that normally belongs to the superstructure, but can also be replaced by a geotextile layer. Any drainage devices (not shown) are usually located in or immediately below the filter layer, which is generally intended to prevent sub-surface or sub-construction material softened after frost periods or persistent rain from penetrating into the overlying base layer 13.
  • This base layer should have a sufficiently stable grain structure in order to increase the load-bearing capacity of the covering and furthermore have a pore space which is sufficiently large for rain drainage of the layers above.
  • the installation of a dynamic layer 14 is optional; such layers normally serve mainly to increase the elastic compliance under vertical loads. Since the covering layer 15 according to the invention has a much higher elasticity than conventional turf coverings, the installation of a dynamic layer 14 is usually dispensed with; such a dynamic layer 14 can, however, form a granulometric transition between the covering layer 15 and the base layer 13 and have an additional water storage function.
  • the substructure or substructure 11 and the surface layers 12, 13 and optionally 14 can be produced and constructed in practically the same way as that of conventional turf surfaces, apart from the covering of the latter. Find specific information about suitable thickness and compositions of layers 11-14 for example in relevant standards, e.g. DIN 18035 or the installation recommendations of the suppliers of geotextiles.
  • the cover layer 15 typically has a thickness of 5-25 cm, but could also be thicker and is applied in at least two work steps, each work step being poured on with simultaneous or subsequent pre-orientation and compacting, e.g. B. with conventional rollers.
  • a comparatively “coarser” wood bark material eg grain size according to SNV 670 812a to 60 mm, preferably up to 40 mm
  • Wood bark material for example grain size according to SNV 670812a up to 30 mm, preferably up to 15 mm
  • To form surface shear strength or in the lower sub-layer 152 for example a 10-20 cm and typically 15 cm thick wood bark platelet layer with a coarser texture and higher water permeability.
  • the platelet-shaped wood bark material to be used for the lower sub-layer 152 of the top layer 15 can first be loosely sprinkled evenly onto the layer 13 or 14; when using relatively smooth, i.e. this loose layer can already have a certain surface-parallel particle orientation when the pouring devices are not swirling strongly. If this is not the case, mechanical coarse screens can be used.
  • the loose bed of wood bark material for the lower sub-layer 152 is processed by compression, typically by about 10-40% and for example 30% of its loose bed height, e.g. with a smooth wheel roller of around 1 t / m drum width.
  • a theoretical boundary layer 159 indicated by dash-dotted lines is formed, at which the two differently textured partial layers 151, 152 adjoin one another or merge into one another.
  • the entire top layer 15 is preferably saturated several times with water, which, depending on the weather, may require 1-4 liters / m 2 of covering per day. Between the saturation phases, it is expedient to carry out repeated densification, expediently until a total pore volume of about 45-70% is reached and a water permeability value of 2, 10-3 cm / sec is not undercut.
  • the optimum water content of the top layer 15 is approximately 45-50% by weight under normal conditions.
  • the bulk material surface 10 according to the invention is now ready for use as a soccer field.
  • Test pieces taken from the edge of the top layer 15 made of wood bark material show a pronounced grain, i.e. Particle orientation, parallel to surface 150 of cover layer 15.
  • Known red-inhibiting substances can be added to the water used to saturate the top layer 15 or the wood bark material for forming the top layer 15.
  • Elemental sulfur in powder form is a preferred additive for this, e.g. in amounts of 0.1-5%, in particular 0.5-3% and typically about 1% by weight of the bark material, but other substances are also suitable which are practically insoluble in water and which have a physiologically acidic action in layer 15 Produce pH of preferably 6 or less and in any case delay the microbiological degradation.
  • artificial binders eg an aqueous tar or PVC emulsion
  • the proportion of artificial binder in the cover layer should be less than 5% by weight, preferably less than 1% by weight.
  • the resin, which is usually present in relatively high proportions in wood bark material, is often sufficient for sufficient top layer strength and is not included in the artificial binder.
  • the addition of special red-inhibiting substances to the top layer 15 is not particularly critical if it contains considerable amounts of bark material which contains a large amount of tannins or has a similar preservative effect (“Gerberlohe”), as is typical for hardwoods such as oak.
  • the invention offers advantages in terms of space construction and maintenance costs, since the bark material is comparatively cheap, but the covering produced with it is comparatively stable and generally does not require any particularly high maintenance expenditure. Detached covering parts can usually easily, e.g. B. with trawls or by rolling back in the layer and usually leave no holes, but comparatively harmless because of flat depressions.
  • a cover layer 15 according to the invention does not lose its porosity due to swelling.
  • the finished top layer 15 z. Have as a according to DIN 18 035 Part 5, certain water-absorption value of at least 2.10- 3 cm / sec and a pore volume of 45-50 Vol .-%, which can be usually achieved with the above-mentioned beef materials or installation conditions.
  • a typical cover layer 15 of 5-20 cm thickness produced according to the above information has a comparatively high resilience and is still practically completely sturdy, so that all movement sequences typical of football and comparable sports remain unimpeded.
  • the risk of bumping and crushing injuries when falling can be significantly reduced compared to hard or hard lawns and the risk of abrasions can be almost eliminated.
  • Another considerable advantage of the invention, particularly in the case of soccer fields, is that raining immediately before or during the game does not normally lead to a deterioration in playability, that is to say no “heavy ground” arises; it may even be expedient to spray water on a football field according to the invention immediately before a game.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Golf Clubs (AREA)

Claims (11)

1. Aire en matière en vrac (10) pour terrains de football, comportant une structure supérieure mutlicouche perméable à l'eau (12, 13, 15) disposée sur un soubassement ou une structure inférieure (11), dans laquelle la couche de couverture (15) de la structure supérieure, servant de revêtement, est aussi perméable à l'eau et la couche de couverture (15), au moins pour la majeure partie de son poids, est constituée d'un matériau formé d'écorces de bois essentiellement sous forme de plaquettes et dont les éléments ont des longueurs maximales de 100 mm et des épaisseurs inférieures à 10 mm, caractérisée en ce que la surface (150) de l'aire en matière en vrac (10) est réalisée de manière à résister au piétinement, la couche de couverture (15) étant constituée d'au moins deux couches individuelles (151, 152) de texture différente, se superposant l'une l'autre, l'une des couches (151), qui constitue la surface supérieure (150), consistant en un matériau formé d'écorces de bois compacté et plus fin et l'autre couche consistant en un matériau formé d'écorces de bois plus grossier, qui est compacté avant compactage de la couche (151) formant la surface supérieure (150) pour former une couche inférieure (152) qui possède une texture plus grossière et une plus grande perméabilité à l'eau que la couche (151) qui la recouvre.
2. Aire en matière en vrac selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les éléments du matériau formé d'écores de bois qui compose les deux couches individuelles (151, 152) sont, pour leur majeure partie, orientés pratiquement parallèlement à la surface (150) de la couche de couverture (15) et ont, pour la majeure partie de leur poids, des épaisseurs d'un maximum de 5 mm.
3. Aire en matière en vrac selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que les deux couches individuelles (151, 152) sont constituées de matériau formé d'écorces de bois qui contient (a) pour au maximum 10% de son poids, des éléments dont les dimensions maximales sont inférieures à 6 mm, (b) pour au moins 50% de son poids, des éléments ayant un rapport largeur/ longueur d'au moins 1/4 et (c) pour au moins 50% de son poids, des éléments dont la largeur est au moins trois fois supérieure à leur épaisseur.
4. Aire en matière en vrac selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que les deux couches individuelles (151, 152) sont pratiquement entièrement constituées de matériau formé d'écorces de bois.
5. Aire en matière en vrac selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que la couche de couverture (15) contient moins de 5% et de préférence moins de 1% de son poids en liant synthétique.
6. Aire en matière en vrac selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que, au moins 20% et de préférence au moins 50% du piods du matériau formé d'écorces de bois est constitué de petits éléments ayant une épaisseur maximale de 3 mm et une surface de plus de 300 mm2.
7. Aire en matière en vrac selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que les petits éléments du matériau formé d'écorces de bois remplissent au moins l'un des critères suivants: (d) les petits éléments possèdent un indice de non-uniformité Cu selon la norme SNV 670/120a de 10 à 50, (e) les petits éléments possèdent un indice de courbure Ce selon la norme SNV 670/120a de 1 à 3.
8. Aire en matière en vrac selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que la couche de couverture possède une perméabilité à l'eau définie selon la norme DIN 18035, 5ème partie, d'au moins 2.10-3 cm/sec et un volume de pores de 45 à 50% en volume.
9. Aire en matière en vrac, selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que le mélange du matériau formé d'écorces de bois est constitué pour partie d'écorces mortes et d'éléments fibreux de bois difficilement putrescibles, en particulier d'arbres à feuilles caduques, et d'écorces ayant une teneur en bois au maximum égale à 50% en poids et de préférence 10 à 30% et/ou contient un additif de protection contre la putréfaction, de préférence du soufre élémentaire.
10. Procédé de fabrication d'une aire en matière en vrac selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l'on forme la couche de couverture (15) de la structure supérieure (12, 13) par remblaiement à l'aide d'un mélange de matériaux formés d'écorces de bois en compactant tout d'abord la couche individuelle inférieure (152) d'un premier remblai de matériau formé d'écorces de bois relativement grossières, en une couche perméable à l'eau et présentant une texture relativement grossière, puis sur cette couche inférieure on compacte un deuxième remblai de matériau formé d'écorces de bois relativement fines pour former la couche individuelle (151) constituant la surface supérieure (150) résistante au piétinement, jusqu'à ce que la perméabilité à l'eau de la couche individuelle (152) en préorientant les petits éléments, au cours du remblaiement ou consécutivement à ce dernier, parallèlement au plan horizontal et en compactant ensuite mécaniquement le remblai préorien- té, non tassé.
11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que, dans la couche de couverture (15), pour chaque couche individuelle (151), située chaque fois au niveau supérieur, on emploie un matériau formé d'écorces de bois ayant un numéro de tamisage plus petit que pour la couche (152) située à chaque fois à un niveau inférieur.
EP83200668A 1982-05-14 1983-05-11 Aire en matière en vrac pour terrains de football et procédé pour sa préparation Expired EP0096908B2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83200668T ATE14327T1 (de) 1982-05-14 1983-05-11 Schuettgutflaeche fuer sportplaetze und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH3001/82A CH664292A5 (de) 1982-05-14 1982-05-14 Schuettgutdecke fuer sportplaetze.
CH3001/82 1982-05-14

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0096908A1 EP0096908A1 (fr) 1983-12-28
EP0096908B1 EP0096908B1 (fr) 1985-07-17
EP0096908B2 true EP0096908B2 (fr) 1989-10-18

Family

ID=4246405

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83200668A Expired EP0096908B2 (fr) 1982-05-14 1983-05-11 Aire en matière en vrac pour terrains de football et procédé pour sa préparation

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0096908B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE14327T1 (fr)
CH (1) CH664292A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE3360405D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4830532A (en) * 1987-02-25 1989-05-16 Anthony V. Macke Tracks for sporting events
DE3876757D1 (de) * 1987-10-29 1993-01-28 Bernd Wengmann Sport- oder spielplatzflaeche.
GB2225240B (en) * 1988-11-02 1992-12-23 Nottingham County Council Play surfaces
GB2292090A (en) * 1994-08-13 1996-02-14 Fibresand Ltd Surfaces for sports grounds
WO2010037239A1 (fr) * 2008-10-01 2010-04-08 Bernd Wengmann Revêtement de terrain de sport
DE102012200358A1 (de) * 2012-01-11 2013-07-11 Alois Dold Schichtaufbau für eine Sportrasenfläche und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
FR3164489A1 (fr) * 2024-07-11 2026-01-16 Iseo Innovation Dispositif d’amortissement pour aire de jeux comprenant un empilement d’une couche de granulats en élastomère et une couche de copeaux de bois

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE7828231U1 (de) * 1979-02-01 Sportbau Goedel & Von Cramm, 2000 Hamburg Belagbahn für Fußballplätze
FR548559A (fr) * 1922-03-08 1923-01-18 Produit pour la constitution du sol des terrains de sports et jeux de plein air ou pour toutes applications analogues
CH207054A (de) * 1939-05-06 1939-09-30 Neuhaeusler Andreas Sportplatz-Belag, insbesondere für Tennisplätze.
US3427934A (en) * 1966-08-31 1969-02-18 American Can Co Ski slope or the like with layer of tree bark

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0096908B1 (fr) 1985-07-17
ATE14327T1 (de) 1985-08-15
CH664292A5 (de) 1988-02-29
DE3360405D1 (en) 1985-08-22
EP0096908A1 (fr) 1983-12-28

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