EP0102722A1 - Résines imidiques thermodurcissables modifiées - Google Patents

Résines imidiques thermodurcissables modifiées Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0102722A1
EP0102722A1 EP19830304149 EP83304149A EP0102722A1 EP 0102722 A1 EP0102722 A1 EP 0102722A1 EP 19830304149 EP19830304149 EP 19830304149 EP 83304149 A EP83304149 A EP 83304149A EP 0102722 A1 EP0102722 A1 EP 0102722A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
resins
curable bisimide
curable
bisimide resins
group
Prior art date
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Granted
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EP19830304149
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0102722B1 (fr
Inventor
Horst Stenzenberger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cessione tecnochemie Verfahrenstechnik GmbH
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Boots Co PLC
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Priority to DE8585108123T priority Critical patent/DE3377581D1/de
Publication of EP0102722A1 publication Critical patent/EP0102722A1/fr
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Publication of EP0102722B1 publication Critical patent/EP0102722B1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • C08G73/12—Unsaturated polyimide precursors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/04—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with vinyl compounds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]

Definitions

  • imide resins are obtained by reacting bisimides with dihydrazides (British Patent Application 2011920A) or amino acid hydrazides (British Patent Application 2009767A) or azomethines (British Patent Specification 1443067).
  • BI-type resins are highly crosslinked when finally cured and exhibit low tensile strength, flexural strength and a low elongation at break.
  • these BI-type resins are used as matrix resins in crossplied graphite laminates the above mentioned combination of mechanical properties give rise to a phenomenon called "microcracks" which have a deleterious effect on the mechanical properties of the composites.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide BI-type curable bisimide resins which can be processed either from the melt or from the solution together with fibres like glass, graphite or aramides to form composites showing significantly reduced microcracking.
  • the present invention relates to new and improved thermosetting imide resins which are obtained from curable bisimide resins which comprise a mixture of (a) at least one bisimide of formula I in which B is a bivalent radical containing a carbon-carbon double bond and A ie a bivalent radical having at least two carbon atoms and (b) a polyisocyanate of the general formula II in which x has a value in the range 2 to and D stands for an x-valent organic residue.
  • the molar ratio a:b lies in the range 2 to 100.
  • the copolymerization of bisimides with polyisocyanates can be effected by simply heating a mixture of the two to temperatures between 100 and 350°C, long enough to finalize the reaction.
  • the radical designated A in general formula I may be (a) an alkylene group with up to 12 carbon atoms, (b) a cycloalkylene group with 5 to 6 carbon atoms, (c) a heterocyclic. group with 4 to 5 carbon atoms and at least one nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur atom in the ring, (d) a mono or dicarbocyclic group or (e) at least two mono or dicarbocyclic aromatic or cycloalkylene groups which are connected to one another by a direct carbon-carbon bond or by a bivalent group chosen from oxygen, sulphur, alkylene with one to three carbon atoms, or a group of formula IIIa to IIIj the radicals R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , being alkyl groups with . one to five carbon atoms, R 5 being an alkylene group or an arylene group.
  • the radical B in the general formula I represents a divalent organic radical containing a carbon-carbon double bond.
  • the radical B may have a structure as shown in formula IV, V, VI or VII
  • Bismaleimides of formula I in which the radical B is of formula IV may be used for producing the new imide resins.
  • suitable bismaleimides are 1,2-bismaleimidoethane, 1,6-bismaleimidohexane, 1,12- bismaleimidododecane, 1,6-bismaleimido-(2,2,4-tri- metnyl)hexane, 1,3-bismaleimidobenzene, 1,4-bismaleimidobenzene, 4,4'-bismaleimidodiphenylmethane, 4,4'- bismaleimidodiphen y lether, 4,4'-bismaleimidodiphenyl- sulphide, 4,4'-bismaleimidodiphenylsulphone, 4,4'- bismaleimidodicyclohexylmethane, 2,4-bismaleimidotoluene, 2,6-bismaleimidotoluene, N,N'-m-xylylene- bis
  • Examples of other suitable bisimides are N,N'-B-phenylene-bis- citraconomide and N,N' -4,4' -diphenylmethane-citracon- imide, in which the radical B is of formula VI and N,N'-4,4'-diphenylmethane-bis-itaconomide in which the radical B is of formula VII.
  • the bisimides of formula I may be modified with polyamines, polyhydrazides, amino acid hydrazides, azomethines or mixtures thereof. These modified bisimides are used in a similar manner to that described herein for bisimides of formula 1 to prepare curable bisimide resins of the present invention.
  • organic polyisocyanates II may be employed to react with the bisimides of the general formula I including aromatic, aliphatic and cycloaliphatic polyisocyanates, referred to here as group 1 polyisocyanates.
  • Representative compounds include toluene-2,6-diisocyanate, toluene-2,4-diisocyanate, m-phenylenediisocyanate, 4-chloro-1,3-phenylenediisocyanate, 4,4'-biphenylenediisocyanate, 1,5-naphthylenediisocyanate, 4,4-bisisocyanatodiphenyl methane, 2,4'-bisisocyanatodiphenylmethane, 4,4'bisisocyanatodiphenyl ether, 4,4'-bisisocyanatodiphenylsulphone, 3,3-diisocyanatodiphenylsulphone, 4,4'-bisisocyanatocyana
  • Very advantageous polyisocyanates to be co-reacted with bismaleimides of formula I are those obtained by the reaction of a polyisocyanate of the aforementioned group 1 polyisocyanates with polyalkylene ether glycols, providing isocyanate- terminated macropolyisocyanates of the formula IX, referred to here as group 2 polyisocyanates, in which R represents a divalent organic aliphatic or aromatic residue and F represents a group of formula X, XI or XII F representing polyalkylene ether backbone, ⁇ being a number providing glycols having molecular weights of from 200 to 10,000.
  • the group 2 polyisocyanates of formula IX are well known substances and their preparations described in detail in Kunststoffhandbuch, Band VII, p. 84-85, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munchen 1966; they may be used in quantities up to 80% of the total resin mixture.
  • the residue F in the general formula IX can also be a polyester backbone, and the preparation of polyisocyanates of formula IX with a polyester backbone is described in Kunststoffhandbuch, Band VII, p. 60-72, Carl Hanser Verlay, Munchen 1966.
  • the preparation of the new curable bisimide resins can be carried out in an inert organic solvent or diluent, for example in dimethyl formamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methyl pyrididone and tetramethyl urea, or ketone type solvents such as acetone, methyl-ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone and cyclohexanone or chlorinated solvents such as methylene chloride, ethyl chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane and ether-type solvents such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran ethyl " glycol and ester type solvents such as ethyl acetate or mixed glycol ether-esters such as ethyl glycol acetate, methyl glycol acetate, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate etc. in such a manner that prepolymer solutions are obtained.
  • the preparation of the new curable bisimide resins can be performed by using conventional techniques for mixing and grinding of powders or powders and liquids to intimately blend the bismaleimides with the polyisocyanates. Prepolymers are obtained by heating the homogeneous mixture at a temperature between 80 and 200°C, for sufficient time to produce a still formable and soluble product.
  • the production of the new curable bisimide resins according to this invention can also be carried out in inert diluents in which either only one of the starting materials is completely soluble or all the starting components are completely soluble.
  • inert diluents in which either only one of the starting materials is completely soluble or all the starting components are completely soluble. The latter procedure is preferred when the application of the resin requires a solution as is the case for the production of prepregs.
  • Effective curing catalysts are organic peroxides such as ditertiary butyl peroxide, diamyl peroxide, t-butyl perbenzoate in the concentration of 0.05 to 0.57 in relation to the total weight of the curable bisimide resin.
  • Other catalysts that may be used are tertiary amines like N,N'-dimethylaniline, N,N'-dimethyl-benzylamine, N-methylmorpholine, tri-n-butylamine, tri-methylamine and azabicyclooctane and others.
  • the catalysts can be admixed with the components of the curable bisimide resins or they may be added during the production of the prepolymers either by a powder blending process or by the solvent blending process described above.
  • the resins can be blended with so-called reactive diluents, preferably those that are liquid at room temperature.
  • the reactive diluents that may be employed carry .one or more polymerizable double bonds of the general formula XIII and may be of the vinyl-, allyl- or acryl- type.
  • These reactive diluents can be of the ether, ester, hydrocarbon or heterocyclic type.
  • Typical ethers that may be employed are vinylallylether, diallylether, methallylether and vinylphenylether.
  • esters are vinyl-, allyl-, methylallyl-, 1-chlorallyl-, crotyl-, isopropenyl esters derived from saturated or unsaturated aliphatic or aromatic mono- or polycarboxylic acids such as formic, acetic,.propionic, butyric, oxalic, malonic, adipic, sebacic, acrylic, methacrylic, phenylacrylic, crotonic, maleic, fumaric, itaconic, citraconic, tetrahyrophthalic, benzoic, phenylacetic, o-phthalic, isophthalic or terephthalic acid and naphthalic-dicarboxylic acid or mixtures thereof.
  • saturated or unsaturated aliphatic or aromatic mono- or polycarboxylic acids such as formic, acetic,.propionic, butyric, oxalic, malonic, adipic, sebacic, acrylic, methacrylic,
  • hydrocarbon type reactive diluents to be used are styrene, methylstyrene, vinylhexane, vinylcyclohexane, divinylbenzene, divinyl cyclohexane, diallybenzene, vinyltoluene and 1-vinyl-4-ethyl-benzene or mixtures thereof.
  • heterocyclic type reactive diluents are vinylpyridine and vinylpyrrolidine.
  • the polyisocyanate component is added.
  • the polyisocyanate is preferably dissolved in the reactive diluent and then blended with the bismaleimide compounds.
  • the quantity of reactive diluent that may be employed can be up to 80X by weight of the total final resin mixture.
  • Very advantageous reactive diluents are styrene and divinylbenzene which are used in quantities up to 30Z of the total bisimide-polyisocyanate mixture. Care has to be taken with these diluents because they crosslink at very low temperatures, at around 100-110°C, therefore mixtures containing these diluents have to be prepared at temperatures well below 100°C.
  • the new curable bisimide resins of the present invention can be further modified with unsaturated polyester resins.
  • Useful unsaturated polyesters are well known products which are prepared by polycondensation of polycarboxylic acid derivatives such as esters with polyglycols as described in detail in Kunststoffhandbuch, Band VII, p. 247-282, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munchen 1973.
  • the new curable bisimide resins of the present invention either modified or not can be thermally converted to crosslinked polyimide-isocyanate copolymers by heating them to temperatures of between 100 and 400°C, for a time sufficient to complete cure.
  • the new curable bisimide resins are advantageously used to produce laminated materials.
  • the prepolymers produced from the curable bisimide resins are dissolved in suitable solvents to provide a 50-60% by weight solution, which is used to impregnate glass fibres in the form of fabrics or rovings or carbon fibres or boron fibres or organic synthetic fibres in the form of fabrics, filaments or rovings are impregnated with this solution and then stripped of the solvent by drying after which they are moulded into laminate form by the application of pressure and temperature, the crosslinked polyimide-isocyanate copolymer being the binder.
  • the curable bisimide resins according to the invention can also be processed by the known methods of the powder moulding industry in relation to curable compositions, to produce mouldings, curing out taking place with simultaneous shaping under pressure.
  • the curable bisimide resins additives such as fillers, colourants, softeners and flameproofing agents.
  • Ideal fillers are for example glass fibres, carbon fibres, organic high modulus fibres such as aramides, quartz flour, kaolin, silica and metals in the form of fine powders.
  • Example 1 A resin according to British Patent Application 2009767A, Example 1 was produced by blending 107.5 g (0.3 mols) of 4,4-bismaleimidodiphenylmethane and 18.12 g (0.12 mols) m-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide in a ball mill after which the mixture was prereacted for 35 minutes in a drying cabinet at a temperature of 150°C. The homogeneous melt thus obtained was dissolved in 11-methylpyrollidone to form a 50% by weight solution. This solution was blended with 4,4'-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane (0.1 mols) and used to produce glass fabric prepregs. Prepregs thus obtained were moulded at a pressure of 500 n/mm 2 at 200°C for 4 hours to produce a laminate in which the new crosslinked polyimide-isocyanate copolymer was the binder.
  • a resin according to British Patent Application 2009767A was produced by blending 56 g of bismaleimidodiphenylmethane, 24 g of bismaleimidotoluene (2,4-and 2,6- isomeric mixture) and 10 g m-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide.
  • a solution of 5 g of the macroisocyanate (mi) in 10 g diallylphthalate was added and heated to 110°C while stirring, to form a highly viscous melt which was cast into a parallel epipedic mould and cured under a pressure of 2 bars for 12 hours at 180°C. After demoulding, the casting was postcured for 15 hours at 250°C, providing a resin sample containing no filler with the following properties:
  • a resin consisting of 60 parts of 4,4'-bismaleimidodiphenylmethane, 20 parts of toluene bismaleimide, 15 parts of 2,2,4-trimethvlhexamethylene bismaleimide and 10 parts of 4,4-diisocyanatodiphenyl-methane was prepared by melt blending at a temperature of 125°C. To this melt 15 parts of the polyester sold under the trade name Dobekan FT1018 by Bech & Co., Hamburg, dissolved in 15 parts of divinylbenzene were added and intimately mixed at 70-80°C for 15 minutes providing a resin melt which was cast into a parallel epipedic form and cured under pressure for 15 hours at 200°C. After postcure at 250°C, for 15 hours the casting showed the following properties.
  • a resin consisting of 60 parts of 4,4'-bismaleimidodiphenylmethane, 20 parts of toluenebismaleimide, 20 parts of 4,4'-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane was prepared by melt blending at a temperature of 120°C. This melt was cooled down to a temperature of 70°C, blended with 15 parts of a solution of the macroisocyanate (mi) of Example 4 in divinylbenzene (1:2), providing a low viscosity melt at 80°C.
  • This resin could be processed from the melt as described in Example 1, or can be dissolved in methylenechloride to form an impregnation varnish which was used to impregnate glass fabric squares (15 x 15 cm) which after drying in a circulating air oven at 40-50°C for 20 minutes provide glass fabric prepregs which contain 401 by weight of resin. These prepregs were stacked in a heated platen press between aluminium foils and cured at 170°C for 2 hours at a pressure of 60 h/cm 2 . The laminate thus obtained was postcured in a circulating air oven at a temperature of 250°C for 16 hours. The laminate obtained showed the following properties:
  • a resin consisting of 56 parts of 4,4'-bismaleimidodiphenylmethane, 24 parts of 2,4-bismaleimidotoluene and 40 parts of a styrene solution of the unsaturated polyester sold under the trade name Dobekan FT 1018 (1:1) was prepared by melting the components at 70-80°C. After cooling the resin was dissolved in 120 parts of methylene chloride to which a solution of 5 parts of the macroisocyanate (mi) of Example 4 dissolved in 10 parts of methylene chloride was added under stirring to provide a homogeneous resin solution. Methylene chloride was stripped off in vacuum by use of a rotary evaporator and the final melt thus obtained was degassed in vacuum of 70-75°C. The resin melt could be further processed as described in Example 1.
  • a resin consisting of 56 parts 4,4'-bismaleimidodiphenylmethane, 24 parts of 2,4-bismaleimidotoluene, 20 parts of 4,4'-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane, and 30 parts of the unsaturated polyester sold under the trade name Dobekan FT 1018 were melt blended at 110°C for 15 minutes, said melt being mixed with a solution of 0.7 parts of azobicyclooctane dissolved in 30 parts of diallylphthalate at a temperature of 70-100°C.
  • the resin thus obtained was processed as follows:

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
  • Polymers With Sulfur, Phosphorus Or Metals In The Main Chain (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
EP19830304149 1982-07-21 1983-07-18 Résines imidiques thermodurcissables modifiées Expired EP0102722B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8585108123T DE3377581D1 (en) 1982-07-21 1983-07-18 Modified thermosetting imide resins

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8221116 1982-07-21
GB8221116 1982-07-21

Related Child Applications (1)

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EP85108123.2 Division-Into 1985-07-01

Publications (2)

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EP0102722A1 true EP0102722A1 (fr) 1984-03-14
EP0102722B1 EP0102722B1 (fr) 1986-10-01

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EP19850108123 Expired EP0165620B1 (fr) 1982-07-21 1983-07-18 Résines imides thermodurcissables modifiées
EP19830304149 Expired EP0102722B1 (fr) 1982-07-21 1983-07-18 Résines imidiques thermodurcissables modifiées

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EP19850108123 Expired EP0165620B1 (fr) 1982-07-21 1983-07-18 Résines imides thermodurcissables modifiées

Country Status (7)

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US (2) US4520145A (fr)
EP (2) EP0165620B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5920323A (fr)
DE (1) DE3366595D1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2125806B (fr)
IL (1) IL69221A (fr)
WO (1) WO1984000552A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0165620B1 (fr) * 1982-07-21 1988-08-03 The Boots Company PLC Résines imides thermodurcissables modifiées
WO1990000696A1 (fr) * 1988-07-13 1990-01-25 Wavin B.V. Tube resistant a la pression, compose plastique a base de chlorure de vinyle

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0141612B1 (fr) * 1983-11-04 1990-04-11 Technochemie GmbH - Verfahrenstechnik Mélanges de résines bisimides durcissables
US4942093A (en) * 1988-09-09 1990-07-17 Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc. Adhesive system for bonding uncured rubber to cured polyurethane
JP4272537B2 (ja) * 2002-03-13 2009-06-03 北京鍵▲凱▼科技有限公司 Ｙ型分鎖親水性ポリマー誘導体、それらの調製方法、前記誘導体および薬剤分子の結合生成物、ならびに前記結合生成物を含む医薬組成物
JP7461292B2 (ja) 2017-11-28 2024-04-03 クエステック イノベーションズ リミテッド ライアビリティ カンパニー 付加製造等の用途のための多成分アルミニウム合金

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3779996A (en) * 1972-09-11 1973-12-18 Gen Electric Polyamideimides from unsaturated anhydrides
FR2279793A2 (fr) * 1974-07-22 1976-02-20 Rhone Poulenc Ind Resines thermostables
GB1564491A (en) * 1976-12-31 1980-04-10 Rhone Poulenc Ind Polymers with imide groups

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE316011B (fr) * 1964-11-13 1969-10-13 Rhodiaceta
CH569758A5 (fr) * 1972-07-24 1975-11-28 Ciba Geigy Ag
FR2288767A1 (fr) * 1974-10-21 1976-05-21 Rhone Poulenc Ind Compositions thermodurcissables a base de bis-imide polyurethanne
DE2754631C2 (de) * 1977-12-08 1986-05-07 Technochemie Gmbh, Verfahrenstechnik, 6901 Dossenheim Heißhärtbare Imidharze
DE2754632C2 (de) * 1977-12-08 1984-04-19 Technochemie Gmbh, Verfahrenstechnik, 6901 Dossenheim Heißhärtbare Imidharze
FR2473528A1 (fr) * 1980-01-09 1981-07-17 Rhone Poulenc Ind Procede pour eviter la cristallisation des n,n' diphenylene bis imides dans les compositions thermodurcissables en contenant
JPS5728128A (en) * 1980-07-24 1982-02-15 Mitsubishi Gas Chem Co Inc Heat-resistant composition
US4520145A (en) * 1982-07-21 1985-05-28 The Boots Company Plc Modified thermosetting imide resins with improved fracture toughness

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3779996A (en) * 1972-09-11 1973-12-18 Gen Electric Polyamideimides from unsaturated anhydrides
FR2279793A2 (fr) * 1974-07-22 1976-02-20 Rhone Poulenc Ind Resines thermostables
GB1564491A (en) * 1976-12-31 1980-04-10 Rhone Poulenc Ind Polymers with imide groups

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0165620B1 (fr) * 1982-07-21 1988-08-03 The Boots Company PLC Résines imides thermodurcissables modifiées
WO1990000696A1 (fr) * 1988-07-13 1990-01-25 Wavin B.V. Tube resistant a la pression, compose plastique a base de chlorure de vinyle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4587281A (en) 1986-05-06
GB8319388D0 (en) 1983-08-17
GB2125806A (en) 1984-03-14
JPS5920323A (ja) 1984-02-02
GB2125806B (en) 1986-04-16
EP0165620A1 (fr) 1985-12-27
DE3366595D1 (en) 1986-11-06
US4520145A (en) 1985-05-28
EP0165620B1 (fr) 1988-08-03
IL69221A (en) 1987-03-31
EP0102722B1 (fr) 1986-10-01
WO1984000552A1 (fr) 1984-02-16

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