EP0104519A1 - Abris pour l'observation et la défense, notamment pour le fantassin ou la garde - Google Patents

Abris pour l'observation et la défense, notamment pour le fantassin ou la garde Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0104519A1
EP0104519A1 EP83108903A EP83108903A EP0104519A1 EP 0104519 A1 EP0104519 A1 EP 0104519A1 EP 83108903 A EP83108903 A EP 83108903A EP 83108903 A EP83108903 A EP 83108903A EP 0104519 A1 EP0104519 A1 EP 0104519A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
protective
cover
protective cover
jacket
weapons
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP83108903A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0104519B1 (fr
Inventor
Werner Dr. Heierli
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT83108903T priority Critical patent/ATE23924T1/de
Publication of EP0104519A1 publication Critical patent/EP0104519A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0104519B1 publication Critical patent/EP0104519B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/24—Armour; Armour plates for stationary use, e.g. fortifications ; Shelters; Guard Booths

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a protective device for observing and defending, in particular for the infantry and for surveillance tasks, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • a device of this type is known from GB-PS 577 933. It has a concrete pipe inserted vertically into a hole in the ground, which is covered by a concrete cover. A downwardly projecting cylinder jacket is formed on the edge of the cover, which lies on the inner wall of the concrete pipe and has loopholes.
  • the cover can be moved by means of a hydraulic lifting device from a lower position, in which it lies on the upper edge of the concrete pipe, to an upper position, in which the lower edge of the cylinder jacket lies on the inside of the upper part of the concrete pipe, concrete pipe and cylinder jacket So how the casing tubes of a telescope are pulled out. In this upper position, the soldiers can by the provided in the cylinder jacket Shoot embrasures, where they stand on platforms arranged in the concrete tube.
  • a hole that can be covered by a plate is provided in the cover for entry and exit into and from the concrete pipe.
  • the soldier is cramped by the cylinder jacket when handling the weapon and shooting.
  • the cylinder jacket apparently protects against enemy fire; however, the invention is based on the knowledge that this protection is deceptive because the enemy aims at the embrasures from the outset, i.e. can aim at the targets given by the embrasures before the soldier moves into the firing position with his weapon in the protective device.
  • Another disadvantage is that neither larger handguns nor mine launchers or other cable cars, hand grenades, etc. can be used.
  • the lid in the area of the hole provided for entry and exit offers practically no, at least completely inadequate protection against enemy weaponry; because the plate intended for its cover must be lifted by the soldier and can therefore only be carried out lightly. In any case, because of the completely inadequate protective effect of the plate, the hole must be dimensioned small, so that getting in and out is extremely tedious.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a simple protective device of the type mentioned, which can be set up quickly by anyone and on the one hand offers the greatest possible protection against hostile weapon effects, on the other hand does not make it difficult to use one's own weapon from the protective device, and which one depends on the combat situation firstly, closing like a shelter on all sides, secondly just opening as far as is necessary for the observation and use of smaller weapons while maintaining the greatest possible protection, and thirdly, fully opening so that the use of larger infantry weapons, such as anti-tank weapons, mine launchers and other cable car weapons, as well as hand grenades, etc., and an unimpeded, rapid exit of the soldiers and an unhindered loading and unloading of material is made possible.
  • larger infantry weapons such as anti-tank weapons, mine launchers and other cable car weapons, as well as hand grenades, etc.
  • the protective device In the lower position of the protective cover, the protective device is completely closed like an actual protective space, so that it offers a high degree of protection against mechanical, thermal, radioactive and chemical weapon effects.
  • the protective cover By lifting the protective cover into the upper position, the greatest possible protective effect is maintained Sufficient gap opened for all-round observation and shooting with smaller weapons.
  • the device can be by raising and clearing away of the protective cover within a few seconds transform, etc the use of larger infantry weapons such as antitank weapons, mortars and other ball path weapons and hand grenades from S chutzraum in a weapons position., Possible. This also enables unhindered, rapid entry and exit of the soldiers as well as unhindered loading and unloading of material.
  • the protective device shown has a supporting and protective casing 2 inserted into a hole in the ground 1, which is composed of eight metal sheets 3-10, which are angled at an obtuse angle to increase the rigidity, so that the casing 2 has a 16-square plan is.
  • the longitudinal edges 11 of the metal sheets 3-10 are angled outwards and have slots for connection by means of flat bolts 12, which have a longitudinal slot for receiving a transverse wedge or flat wedge, by means of which the edges 11, which are only loosely placed against one another for the assembly, are pressed against one another.
  • the angled edges 11 not only serve for the mutual connection of the sheet metal panels 3-10 but also form reinforcing ribs of the jacket.
  • the jacket 2 is arranged on a circular base plate 13, the edge of which protrudes beyond the jacket and onto which a cylinder ring 43 is welded.
  • the outer radius of the cylinder ring 43 corresponds to the radius of the incircle of the 16-sided jacket cross section and the cylinder ring 43, which therefore touches all 16 sides of the jacket, is connected at the points of contact in the manner described above by bolts 14 secured with cross wedges to the jacket sheets 3-10.
  • an upper ring 15 with an L-shaped cross section is fastened in a corresponding manner by means of bolts 16.
  • the upper and lower rings 15 and 43 can have somewhat different radii, so that the upper ring 15 can be inserted into or onto the ring 43 during transport, in which case the metal sheets 3-10 can be correspondingly tapered in a trapezoidal manner.
  • a protective cover 17, which - as described in more detail below - adjustable in height and horizontally is pivotable, covers the jacket 2 at the top in the closed position shown.
  • the cover 17 has a protective collar or protective ring 18, which is formed from a circular hollow profile with a rectangular cross section and whose outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the upper ring 15.
  • An armored steel plate 19 is arranged on the rim 18, on the rim 18 of which a sealing ring 21 is fastened, which lies tightly on the horizontally outwardly projecting leg of the upper ring 15 and against the ingress of water, napalm, Protects FAE (Fuel Air Explosives), C-gases etc.
  • a T-profile 23 welded to the metal sheet 3 carries a guide sleeve 24 in which an axis 25 is mounted so as to be vertically displaceable, the ends of which protrude from the guide sleeve.
  • the upper end of the axle is firmly seated in a bushing 26 which is fastened to the collar 18.
  • the axis 25 is rotatably mounted on the lifting device 27 and a locking device 29 for locking the axis 25 and thus the protective cover 17 is arranged in the respectively desired height and pivot position on the guide sleeve 24. If the cover 17 is jammed as a result of strong hostile weapon action or is burdened by large earth masses and the hydraulic lifting device 27 is therefore no longer sufficient to lift the cover 17, this can be lifted by means of the spindles 30 guided through the supports 22, which also for fixing the lifted lid while watching and can serve in the use of weapons.
  • the protective effect of the cover in particular against splinters, bomblets and radioactive radiation, can also be increased by additionally attachable steel plates 3i, by a layer of earth 32 or by a net attached to the cover and filled with larger stones.
  • a ring 33 with an L-shaped cross section is provided, which is screwed to the protective ring 18 with screws 34 through holes drilled in the steel plate 19 and optionally in the additionally placed steel plates 31.
  • the earth layer 32 poured onto the plates 31 is held on the cover by the vertical leg of the ring 33. If no additional armor plates 31 are placed, the screws 34 serve to secure the steel plate 19 on the ring 18.
  • the ring 33 can be omitted if the steel plate 19 or plates 31 are not covered with earth.
  • a pipe socket 35 is fastened in the lower part, into which a connecting pipe (not shown) can be guided, which connects the protective device with another, similar protective device; connects a shelter or a ditch, which can also be used to store weapons and ammunition.
  • the bottom of the pipe socket 35 and the adjoining connecting tube can be flush with the bottom plate 13.
  • the bottom of the pipe socket 35 and connecting pipe is expediently arranged lower than the base plate 13. Doing so
  • the diameter of the pipe socket 35 and connecting pipe is chosen so large that the soldiers can walk through the connecting path in a stooped position.
  • the height of the step by which the bottom of the pipe socket 35 is offset downward from the base plate 13 is expediently chosen so that the soldiers can still descend from the protective device into the pipe socket in a crouched position.
  • the opening in the sheet metal panels provided for the connection path can be closed off from the connection path by a removable cover to protect against splinters or gases.
  • the protective device can be inserted into the hole with the aid of the excavator to be used as a crane, with eyelets being expediently attached to the outside of the jacket so that the jacket is attached to the excavator shovel by means of wire cables can be.
  • the protective cover 17 is expediently put on only afterwards, the axis 25 being inserted into the guide sleeve 24.
  • the protective device can, however, also be easily constructed in an earth hole, the base plate 13 provided with the ring 43 being laid first. Then the metal sheets 3-10 are inserted, attached to the ring 43 and mutually and then connected to the upper ring 15. The edge of the bottom plate 13 and the cladding sheets 3-10 are then embedded in earth.
  • the middle mantle area can be covered with a white Chen, compliant material 37, such as foam plastic, hay, straw or branches are surrounded.
  • the upper casing area is expediently surrounded with coarse stones 36 up to the horizontal leg of the upper ring 15. This can increase the resistance of the protective device and reduce the impact of vibrations on the occupants.
  • the inner wall of the jacket could also be lined with foam.
  • the protective device By closing the protective cover 17, the protective device can be completely closed and thus optimally protected.
  • the cover 17 is only lifted by the lifting device 27 to such an extent that the slot created between the protective ring 18 and the upper ring 15 is sufficient for looking through and for shooting through with small handguns.
  • the upper part of the observer's head or helmet protrudes into the space enclosed by the protective ring 18 and is protected laterally by the protective ring and at the top by the armor plate 19 (and 31). With the exception of the narrow eye area, the entire head of the observer or shooter remains protected in this lid position.
  • larger flat weapons e.g.
  • PAL anti-tank weapons
  • ropeway weapons such as mine launchers
  • a handle can be attached, which serves to turn the cover 17. Furthermore, a security device can be provided which secures the cover 17 in the closed position against unauthorized lifting and against the suction in the event of detonations.
  • the cladding sheets 3-10 could also be welded to one another and to the upper ring 15 and the bottom plate 13.
  • the angled edges 11 can be omitted and the jacket can instead be provided with horizontal stiffening ribs.
  • the jacket could also consist of a concrete pipe which expediently has an outwardly projecting annular bead at the ends, which corresponds to the horizontal leg of the ring 15 and the edge of the base plate 13.
  • the protective device designed with such a concrete pipe can also be constructed analogously to the protective device shown in the drawing, that is to say with a guide sleeve 24 on the inner wall of the concrete pipe for the axis 25 of the cover 17 and a support 28 for the lifting device 17.
  • the cover is expedient to carry out and support in addition to the requirements regarding protection against weapon effects for the usual traffic loads and to seal against dirty water and dirt.
  • the casing together with integrally formed inner projections for the pivotable mounting of the cover and for its lifting device and for support means for the spindles, can be made in one piece with the base from reinforced concrete.
  • the lid can consist of a steel tub filled with concrete.
  • the protective device can be prepared in peacetime, the protective cover 17 being covered with earth and grass, asphalt etc. depending on the soil surrounding the device and e.g. can be inserted flush into the street floor, so that the protective device cannot be recognized or its cover cannot be distinguished from conventional manhole covers.
  • a plate which is curved in the manner of a hood could also be provided.
  • angled sheet metal elements 3-10 flat or curved sheet metal elements or corrugated sheet metal elements could also be used.
  • the cover 17 could also be rotatably mounted on an axis that is non-rotatable in a guide.
  • the protective cover 17 can be provided with a hole for inserting a trench mirror or periscope, or the axis 25 can be hollow for receiving a trench mirror or periscope and can be guided through the cover 17.
  • a pipe socket on the outside of the cover 17 can connect to the hole or the hollow axis can protrude beyond the cover 17 so that the trench mirror or the periscope can be passed through the earth layer 32.
  • For venting the interior of the protective device may be a B algbelspectbelspecter provided.
  • a weapon filter can be used to protect against C weapons. (For example, filters intended for the personal protective mask can be connected to the bellows aerator.)
  • the resilient material 37 is provided in the embodiment shown in the drawing.
  • the jacket 2 can also be double-walled at least in the region of the guide sleeve 24 and axis 25.
  • an additional, outer metal sheet 3 can be attached to the two flanges 11 of the metal sheet 3, the space between this additional metal sheet and the metal sheet 3 being kept free or being filled with a compressible material. This creates a crumple zone; ie the outer metal sheet is deformed in the event of a strong detonation in the vicinity of the protective device and thus protects the metal sheet 3. and thus also the guide sleeve 24 and axis 25 against deformation.
  • the jacket can also be double-walled over its entire circumference, in the manner of a crumple zone.
  • the protective device can have a double-walled tin pot which forms the jacket and bottom of the device.
  • the space between the outer and inner wall of the pot is empty or filled with compressible material. So that the upper part of the pot casing, which is only protected by a thin layer of earth in the case of splinters hitting at an angle from above, offers effective splinter protection, the upper annular space of the double-walled pot casing can be filled with concrete.
  • the pot can be placed with the bottom up.
  • the concrete ring is of course only to be dimensioned as high as is necessary for the splinter protection, in that Soil, sufficiently protected, middle and lower part of the casing annulus does not require splinter protection but rather the protection against detonation waves explained above in the manner of a crumple zone.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Compression Or Coding Systems Of Tv Signals (AREA)
EP83108903A 1982-09-27 1983-09-09 Abris pour l'observation et la défense, notamment pour le fantassin ou la garde Expired EP0104519B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83108903T ATE23924T1 (de) 1982-09-27 1983-09-09 Schutzvorrichtung zum beobachten und verteidigen, insbesondere fuer die infanterie und fuer bewachungsaufgaben.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH5676/82 1982-09-27
CH567682 1982-09-27

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0104519A1 true EP0104519A1 (fr) 1984-04-04
EP0104519B1 EP0104519B1 (fr) 1986-11-26

Family

ID=4297531

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83108903A Expired EP0104519B1 (fr) 1982-09-27 1983-09-09 Abris pour l'observation et la défense, notamment pour le fantassin ou la garde

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0104519B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE23924T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3367977D1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1988010353A1 (fr) * 1987-06-16 1988-12-29 Manfred Janitzky Ecoutille de protection pour sortir verticalement d'un abri
CN116331459A (zh) * 2023-03-23 2023-06-27 盐城神力制绳有限公司 一种舰艇舰炮射击周界防护装具

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2320948C2 (ru) * 2006-01-27 2008-03-27 Пензенский Артиллерийский Инженерный Институт Огневое фортификационное сооружение

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE634529C (de) * 1933-12-14 1936-08-29 Erich Heinicke In der Erde liegender Luftschutzraum
US2317392A (en) * 1940-09-27 1943-04-27 Royal B Lord Portable emplacement for machine guns
FR905834A (fr) * 1943-07-15 1945-12-14 Tranchée-abri
GB577933A (en) * 1940-07-12 1946-06-06 Francis Norman Pickett An improved means for the protection of aerodromes, aircraft landing fields and other situations
US3214156A (en) * 1960-12-07 1965-10-26 Bochumer Eisen Heintzmann Rapidly closing vertical closure
DE2044381A1 (de) * 1970-09-08 1972-03-09 Dr.Ing.H.C. F. Porsche Kg, 7000 Stuttgart Vorrichtung zum Bewegen und Festhalten eines Deckels für Luken oder Öffnungen in Fahrzeugaufbauten, insbesondere für Gelä ndefahrzeuge
DE2406801A1 (de) * 1973-03-30 1974-10-10 France Etat Militaerische einrichtung mit einem beobachtungsstand

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE634529C (de) * 1933-12-14 1936-08-29 Erich Heinicke In der Erde liegender Luftschutzraum
GB577933A (en) * 1940-07-12 1946-06-06 Francis Norman Pickett An improved means for the protection of aerodromes, aircraft landing fields and other situations
US2317392A (en) * 1940-09-27 1943-04-27 Royal B Lord Portable emplacement for machine guns
FR905834A (fr) * 1943-07-15 1945-12-14 Tranchée-abri
US3214156A (en) * 1960-12-07 1965-10-26 Bochumer Eisen Heintzmann Rapidly closing vertical closure
DE2044381A1 (de) * 1970-09-08 1972-03-09 Dr.Ing.H.C. F. Porsche Kg, 7000 Stuttgart Vorrichtung zum Bewegen und Festhalten eines Deckels für Luken oder Öffnungen in Fahrzeugaufbauten, insbesondere für Gelä ndefahrzeuge
DE2406801A1 (de) * 1973-03-30 1974-10-10 France Etat Militaerische einrichtung mit einem beobachtungsstand

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1988010353A1 (fr) * 1987-06-16 1988-12-29 Manfred Janitzky Ecoutille de protection pour sortir verticalement d'un abri
CN116331459A (zh) * 2023-03-23 2023-06-27 盐城神力制绳有限公司 一种舰艇舰炮射击周界防护装具

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3367977D1 (en) 1987-01-15
EP0104519B1 (fr) 1986-11-26
ATE23924T1 (de) 1986-12-15

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