Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
  • C10L1/326—Coal-water suspensions
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S516/00—Colloid systems and wetting agents; subcombinations thereof; processes of
  • Y10S516/01—Wetting, emulsifying, dispersing, or stabilizing agents

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a liquid fuel based on solid fuel such as natural coal or a solid fuel of pulverized petroleum origin, of petroleum residues and of water, as well as its preparation process.
• the stability (sedimentation capacity) of a suspension of coal pulverized in a liquid depends, in addition to the physical properties of this liquid (density, viscosity, etc.), the percentage of coal in the liquid and the dimensions particles of coal.
• the stability of the suspension will be all the worse the lower the percentage of carbon and the larger the particles.
• the production of finely divided coal powder involves expensive installations and a relatively high cost price.
• the coal used has too high an ash content. Its use as a fuel therefore requires a ash removal operation before its implementation, and the carbon particles which result from such an operation are then too small (100% of the particles generally less than 40, 30 or 15 microns depending on the nature of the coal and the dispersion of the ashes, during good ash removal) to allow the production of a liquid fuel with a high percentage of coal.
• the significant increase in this percentage can, in a conventional manner, only be obtained by adding coal fractions having a higher particle size, the ash content of which will necessarily be greater, since the ash release is all the less good. that the grain size is high.
• the patent FR 2 393 053 which proposes a composition comprising carbon atomized with a diameter lower than 40 microns, water and a dispersing agent, indicates that, if the mixture must be transported, for example by pumping , in pipes, a carbon content of about 40% by weight at most is suitable, as regards viscosity.
• the European patent EP-0 050 412 provides several examples making it possible to obtain suspensions with 63% of carbon, stable in time and not presenting a capacity for sedimentation.
• the suspensions proposed either have a relatively high liquid content, or require the use of well-defined particle sizes of carbon.
• the fuel user encounters difficult grinding problems, the extent of which is poorly controlled and the cost of which is consequently very high.
• the user encounters problems of coal concentration. in the liquid mixture, which it can only resolve by adding expensive additives or well-defined particle size ranges of coal with high ash contents, which therefore take away interest from the mixture.
• the present invention therefore aims to remedy these drawbacks.
• the subject of the invention is a liquid fuel in the form of a suspension, in an aqueous phase, of pulverized solid fuel, such as coal of mineral origin or a product derived from heavy petroleum residues, with optionally at least one additive, characterized in that the particle size composition of the pulverized solid fuel, originating from a grinding, sieving or de-ashing operation is modified by adding particle size sections of a product obtained from heavy petroleum residues, solid at storage temperature, and in that the aqueous phase represents between 15 and 40% by weight liquid fuel.
• pulverized solid fuel such as coal of mineral origin or a product derived from heavy petroleum residues
• compositions of ultra-fine ashed coal - a petroleum product with a larger particle size- it makes it possible to take advantage of the specific advantages of these fuels: obtaining a global product with low ash content (ashed coal, little or no ash in the petroleum product), low sulfur content (the coal is more sulfurous; moreover, the ash removal process removes about half of the sulfur contained in the coal) and of good calorific value.
• the ashes remaining in the coal have dimensions such that they will be subject to "flares" with the combustion gases, thus displacing the problem of the accumulation of ash in the hearth, difficult to solve in a planned installation. to work with an ashless fuel, towards the recovery of ashes in the fumes, which is more easily achievable on these installations with known materials (filters, cyclones, precipitation, etc.).
• Examples 1, 2 and 3 below relate to suspensions obtained by mixing a pitch-water emulsion to which pulverized coal has been added.
• the suspension consists of an anionic emulsion comprising 60% by weight of pitch and 40% of a mixture of water, an additive of the Vinsol type produced by the company HERCULES, an additive of the Indulin produced by the company WEST WACO and soda, the pH of this emulsion being of the order of 12 to 14.
• pulverized coal 80% by weight of which is of dimensions less than 80 microns.
• the suspension consists of a mixture of pulverized coal, 80% by weight of which is less than 80 microns in size, and a cationic emulsion composed of 60% pitch, 40% of a mixture of water, Polyram S and hydrochloric acid.
• This example involves the same constituents as in Example 2, with the difference, however, that pulverized coal is used in the particle size section greater than 63 microns.
• a product is then obtained which remains pasty at 47.6% by weight of coal, or at 79% of combustible materials.
• the suspension is obtained by mixing at room temperature a bitumen-water emulsion prepared hot, and pulverized coal.
• the cationic emulsion comprises 60% by weight of bitumen, 40% water, an additive of the "Polyram” type and hydrochloric acid (at the rate of 6 g of "Polyram", 5 to 6 g of HCl for a total of 1 kg), the pH of the emulsion being between 2 and 4.
• the pulverized carbon used is "Rietspruit", of which 80% by weight is of dimensions less than 80 microns.
• a rupture test of the “Filler rupture” type is carried out on this suspension, which consists in adding carbon powder with an average diameter of the order of 40 microns until a compact paste is obtained ( suspension suspension).
• the suspension is obtained in a manner analogous to that of Example 4, with the difference that at instead of giving it a cationic character, it is given an anionic character (use of tall oil). Soda (NaOH) is added, so as to obtain a pH of the order of 12.3.
• the rupture test makes it possible to determine a rupture at 17% of pulverized coal added, which corresponds to a content of 66.8% by weight of combustible material.
• a pitch-water emulsion is produced as in Example 1. To this emulsion is added ground petroleum coke (75% by weight of which is less than 80 microns in size).
• This example involves a pitch-water emulsion identical to that of Example 1. To this emulsion is added ground and sieved charcoal (100% by weight of which is less than 40 microns in size).
• the same operation is repeated using an ashless carbon, 100% by weight of which is less than 40 microns in size.
• the final mixture obtained has characteristics similar to the previous one.
• a mixture of ground petroleum coke - ashed coal - water is produced, mixing with stirring:
• a fluid and stable mixture is thus obtained, the viscosity of which at 10 ° C. is 1300 centipoise.
• the sulfur content of this mixture is only about 1% and the ash content of about 1 X. Its calorific value is 4800 kcal / kg.
• the invention thus succeeds in producing solid fuel-water-oil residue suspensions which can reach in particular, in the case where pitches are used, contents of 40% of coal and 76% of combustible materials. These products are relatively fluid. Their stability can be adapted to the orientation which it is desired to give them by the use of appropriate additives.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)

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• 1982
  • 1982-12-27 FR FR8221822A patent/FR2538407A1/fr active Granted
• 1983
  • 1983-12-09 DE DE198383402381T patent/DE115718T1/de active Pending
  • 1983-12-09 AT AT83402381T patent/ATE18067T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1983-12-09 DE DE8383402381T patent/DE3362215D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1983-12-09 EP EP83402381A patent/EP0115718B1/de not_active Expired
  • 1983-12-15 ZA ZA839357A patent/ZA839357B/xx unknown
  • 1983-12-22 CA CA000444003A patent/CA1216751A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1983-12-23 AU AU22888/83A patent/AU560705B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1983-12-27 JP JP58252467A patent/JPS59133295A/ja active Pending
• 1986
  • 1986-03-03 US US06/837,327 patent/US4610695A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

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