EP0118471A1 - Machine electrique - Google Patents

Machine electrique

Info

Publication number
EP0118471A1
EP0118471A1 EP19830902640 EP83902640A EP0118471A1 EP 0118471 A1 EP0118471 A1 EP 0118471A1 EP 19830902640 EP19830902640 EP 19830902640 EP 83902640 A EP83902640 A EP 83902640A EP 0118471 A1 EP0118471 A1 EP 0118471A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
machine according
conductor tracks
machine
carrier plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19830902640
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Erich Rabe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0118471A1 publication Critical patent/EP0118471A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02K29/06—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with position sensing devices
    • H02K29/08—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with position sensing devices using magnetic effect devices, e.g. Hall-plates, magneto-resistors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical machine which has at least one permanent, magnetic pole pair and at least one conductor path through which an electrical current can flow to generate an excitation field, the magnetic pole pair being formed in torrents of a permanent magnet and this permanent magnet rotating about an axis in the housing the machine is arranged, and this permanent magnet is disc-shaped and connected to the shaft of the machine, as is the electrical conductor track as a flat coil and is attached at least in one layer to a supporting body, and in which machine the geometry of the conductor track is adapted analogously to the geometry of the permanent magnet is, and this geometry of the Permenentmagneten is that its magnetic poles ent in segment arrangement According to the number of poles running radially, are placed, and the inner diameter of this permanent magnet has a smaller pole spacing than its outer diameter, just as the individual magnetic poles of magnetic fields belonging together are separated from one another by a neutral zone.
  • electronic commutation circuits can be used in such electrical machines which use these semiconductors to reverse the direction of the current depending on the pole.
  • the angular positions of the rotor are generally light by means of sensors, such as Hall elements barriers, high-frequency circuits or static sensors, displayed, according to their sign, these values obtained from the angular positions, are further processed in amplifier circuits, such as power circuits. Since these machines have an even number of poles, it is possible to use circuits which carry out a 180-degree reversal of the current direction and thus in accordance with a predetermined sinusoidal shape of the EMF.
  • the switching point of the reversal is the zero crossing of the sinusoidal shape of this EMF, which also corresponds to the neutral zone of the permanent magnet.
  • the frequency is zero, so that the EMF of this machine is also zero.
  • the current flowing through the machine results from the series connection of the applied voltage, the internal resistance of the winding and the voltage drop at the switching elements, such as the transistors, etc. This current is otherwise constant, unless a voltage is induced by the EMF, which the applied voltage opposes and thereby limits this current. However, since the voltage is sinusoidal and the current is rectangular, the current flow is not constant when viewed over a phase angle of 180 degrees.
  • the current at the zero crossings is therefore high compared to the maximum EMF and the EMF located in the middle of the sinusoidal shape.
  • transistors are usually used, which represent a series resistor for the driving winding as a switch.
  • the predetermined and thus uncontrollable power loss of the transistors and the associated limitation of the efficiency of the overall circuit make it impossible to wind the machine with variable current, in accordance with its sinusoidal shape, head for.
  • Another loss of a machine equipped with such a circuit is that the magnetic force, ie the torque of the motor, is very poor in these angular positions, which has a double negative effect on the efficiency of the machine.
  • the invention has for its object not only to eliminate the above, not always cheap own business, but to further develop the electrical machine in such a way that it can be operated with a very high efficiency and yet be easily manufactured, and also this machine magnetizations of peripheral components avoids, as is also made possible by such a conductor routing, which, even when the current-carrying conductor tracks are arranged on both sides on a support body, remain at an angle in the effective range of the permanent magnetic field.
  • each current path which is attached to the support body and has current-carrying flow is arranged at least with the area of its effective section within the geometry of the rotating permanent magnet, that each conductor path is within this section angular and congruent to the neutral zone of the magnetic poles of the permanent magnet arranged around the shaft, in such a way that the inner width of the conductor tracks in relation to the outer width derjon ⁇ is provided at the correct angle to the neutral zone of the permanent magnet, and each conductor track covered this neutral zone for a certain period of time in parallel with its rotation around the axis.
  • Carrier plate can be done very easily, which significantly favors the price of the machine.
  • the cross section of the conductor tracks and / or their number can also be very easily aligned with the existing volume of the angular space on the carrier plate, so. that the conductor tracks can be optimized very well to the requirements of the performance of the machine.
  • the conductor tracks and thus also their carrier plates can be manufactured with a very good flatness, as a result of which the magnetic air gaps, ie the gap between the permanent magnetic field and the conductor track, can be reduced.
  • sensors for detecting the magnetic angles can be attached to the respective carrier plate without these sensors having to have a great height, which could then inevitably protrude into the air gap.
  • the sensors can be mounted on the carrier plate so that their cantilever height corresponds to the cantilevered height of the conductor tracks.
  • Fig. 1 shows a cross section through an electrical
  • FIG. 2 shows a plan view of a permanent magnetic plate with a plurality of magnetic poles aligned therein
  • FIG. 3 shows a plan view of a carrier plate with a magnetic plate projected beneath it and some conductor tracks applied to the carrier plate, as well as sensors arranged on this plate,
  • FIG. 4 shows a diagram of a sinusoidal voltage curve, in which, in addition to a first output voltage, offset an angle of rotation of 90 degrees, second voltage is faded in, the waveforms of the sine curves being straightforward due to the simpler drawing,
  • FIG. 5 shows a diagram of a rectangular current curve analogous to the dashed curve of the voltage curve in FIG. 4, through the conductor tracks as a function of the control angle of the sensors according to FIG. 3,
  • FIG. 6 shows a diagram of a likewise rectangular current profile analogous to the solid curve of the voltage profile in FIG. 4, through the conductor tracks depending on the control angle of the sensors according to FIG. 3, but by
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram of a torque generated by the current profiles ge FIGS. 5 and 6 over the respective revolution of the machine
  • Fig. 9 is a plan view of a carrier plate with in
  • FIG. 10 is a plan view of a carrier plate with conductor tracks arranged in a wedge shape thereon and ferromagnetic material indicated by dash-dotted lines, and Fig. 11 shows a cross section through an electrical
  • Machine each with a permanent magnet and two conductor tracks arranged symmetrically to this, each of which is comprised of a ferromagnetic material, and this
  • Material forms the magnetic yoke, the section running through the conductor tracks in the plane XI-XI in FIG. 10.
  • the electrical machine 1 is essentially composed of a permanent magnetic field, ie a permanent magnet 2, and a magnetic field 3 generated by current flow, of which the permanent magnetic field, ie the permanent magnet 2, consists of at least one magnetic body 4 and the electromagnetic field 3 consists of at least one interconnect system 5.
  • the permanent magnet 2 may consist of a magnetic plate with a plurality of magnetic poles (NS) arranged and aligned therein, as shown in FIG. 2, or of a series of individual magnets which are to be arranged concentrically about an axis X of the machine 1.
  • Such designs of permanent magnetic fields, ie of permanent magnets 2, are shown or indicated in their basic structure, which, regardless of their design, are preferably designed as the rotating part, ie the rotor, of the machine.
  • the conductor track system 5, through which a current flows through against the permanent magnet 2 is essentially formed by a carrier plate 6 and at least one conductor track 7 mounted thereon, the conductor track, depending on the application of the machine 1, precisely in its geometry and material thickness represents defined coating on the carrier plate 6.
  • the geometry of the conductor track 7 can be in one piece, for example meandering acc. Fig. 9 or in several pieces, for example wedge-shaped. 10, and the carrier plate 6, in particular for reasons of a more compact construction of the machine 1, can be equipped on both sides with at least one such conductor track 7.
  • the carrier plate 6 with the at least one Lei terbahn 7 mounted thereon via stud bolts 8 is placed on a base plate 9 of the machine housing and thus arranged stationary in this housing.
  • the carrier plate 6 which is preferably circular, is on both sides, ie provided on its top and bottom with a Lei terbahn 7, these conductor tracks, in particular angular or offset by a predetermined electrical angle to each other and only separated from the carrier plate 6, are attached to this.
  • Conductor tracks 7 are made such that all the conductor tracks 7 are each offset by an equal angle ⁇ , extend from the outer edge 12 of the carrier plate 6 to the center 13 thereof, and their imaginary, extended axes at a common point in this center 13 meet.
  • This common point, ie the center 13 is the center point, for example in the case of a circular carrier plate 6 the center of the circle through which the shaft 14 of the machine 1 is also guided.
  • the individual conductor tracks 7 form segment-shaped sections, similar to pieces of cake which have the same to approximately the same material application, for example copper, over the effective length.
  • the material order which is firmly applied and can hardly be separated again from the carrier plate 6 without destroying the conductor track 7, is dimensioned according to the desired output of the machine 1, according to width and thickness, and can be connected to the carrier plate 6 by gluing or otherwise.
  • the conductor tracks 7 themselves can be cut, ie milled or punched, during the mechanical production thereof, or they can be etched out of a solid material during the galvanic production thereof. Through these types of manufacture, free gaps 15 are formed between the individual conductor tracks 7, so that the conductor tracks 7 with the desired geometry, for example the meander or the wedge (FIGS. 9, 10), are formed from an original, plate-shaped coating of the carrier plate 6.
  • the permanent, magnetic fields on the permanent magnet 2 are also preferably sector-shaped, wherein when the permanent-magnetic field is designed as a single magnetic disk, it has several magnetic zones or poles (NS). These magnetic zones or poles (NS) are aligned so that their respective neutral zone 16, intended as a line, runs at the same angle of rotation as the conductor tracks 7.
  • the permanent magnet 2 In the illustration of the permanent magnet 2 this is designed according to FIG. 2 as a disk, and there are eight magnetic fields or poles (NS) provided on the sem, each of which has a different polarity to the north (N) and south (S) .
  • the neutral zones 16 lie between these different polarities and exert no influence on the individual conductor tracks 7.
  • their pole lengths 17, 18 are different, this difference resulting solely from the difference between the outer diameter 19 and the inner diameter 20 of the permanent magnet. 2, ie its disc.
  • the respective current-carrying conductor track 7 is also adapted to the difference in pole lengths 17, 18 and thus also the pole width with respect to its effective section 11 or its width.
  • This measure according to the invention is particularly important, since the reversal of the respective current direction in the conductor tracks 7 is only optimal due to the commutation that has taken place if it takes place in the neutral zone 16. For this reason, all the strands 21, 22 connecting the individual conductor tracks 7 to one another, in particular approximately "parallel" to the inner and outer sheath 23, 24 of the carrier plate 6 and also outside the inner and outer diameter 20, 19 of the permanent magnet 2 and thus whose magnet width is provided, which has the consequence that a reduction in the torque M of the Machine 1 does not occur.
  • the conductor tracks 7, which are combined into bundles per field have different widths 25, 26.
  • the total width of a permanent-magnetic pole, ie the pole length 17, is the maximum possible width of a sector-shaped magnetic field on the permanent magnet 2, to which the width 25, 26 of a bundle of conductor tracks 7 on the carrier plate 6 is approximately half the width of this permanent -magnetic field corresponds.
  • the pole length 17, 18 thus relates to the width of the bundle of conductor tracks 7 according to the exemplary embodiment of the machine 1 shown here, such as 2: 1.
  • the width 25 of such a bundle on a pitch circle 27 on the large diameter of the carrier plate 6 is accordingly the width of the Conductor tracks 7, which are effectively flowed through by the current.
  • This width at the pitch circle 27 is in turn identical to the diameter 19 of the outer circumference or jacket of the permanent magnetic field on the permanent magnet 2, as is the width 26 of such a bundle at the smaller opening diameter 20 of the carrier plate 6 at the pitch circle 28 of the width of the still effective Current flowing through conductor tracks 7 on this inner circumference, ie the inner jacket, corresponds.
  • the pitch circle 27 on the larger diameter of the carrier plate 6 coincides with the larger diameter 19 of the permanent magnet 2 on its outer jacket, and the pitch circle 28 on the smaller diameter of the carrier plate 6 coincides with the smaller diameter of the permanent magnet 2 on its inner jacket.
  • FIG. 4 shows the voltage curve U 1 as it occurs by cutting field lines in a machine 1 with the configuration according to FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • a voltage was obtained which, plotted over an angle of rotation, ie a rotation of 360 electrical degrees, is composed of a 45 degree voltage increase 30, a 90 degree constant voltage profile 31 and a further 45 degree voltage decrease 32, whereby Seen over the entire angle of rotation, these conditions are reversed and they therefore have a positive and negative phase due to the polarity reversal.
  • This course of the voltage, ie the EMF means that in an electrical angle of 2 x 90 degrees it is advantageous to let a current flow only during this time, which then delivers optimal torques M to the shaft 14 of the machine 1.
  • the invention provides for a second conductor track 7 opposite the permanent magnet to feed the field on the permanent magnet 2 with current and this conductor track electrically shifted by 90 degrees to the. Arrange carrier plate 6.
  • the voltage curve U 2 of this second conductor 7 is shown in dashed lines.
  • the current profiles I 1 and I 2 are analogous to these voltage profiles U 1 and U 2 according to FIG. 4, which is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • the current curves I 1 , I 2 belonging to the voltage curves U 1 , U 2 are plotted as solid (FIG. 6) or dashed (FIG. 5) lines as maximum values of the on-times of these currents.
  • the conductor tracks 7 can be produced in a simple manner, so that, for example, in the manner of the “printed circuits”, conductive material, for example copper, being applied to a carrier, ie the carrier plate 6, advantageously on both sides. This material is then worked out in the configuration of the desired conductor track 7 by means of a mechanical or galvanic working process, for example by milling, punching or etching.
  • the conductor tracks 7 can be connected in parallel or in series on both sides in accordance with the electrical requirements, in particular galvanic through-contacting as connection 10 having advantages in processing.
  • the conductor tracks 7 can have the configuration of a meander (FIG. 9) or else the shape of a wedge coil, for example in the form of a single coil (FIG. 10).
  • sensors 34 required for the switching process in the air gap 35 between the stator, ie support plate 6, and the rotor, ie permanent magnets 2. to involve.
  • sensors 34 such as Hall switch generators, are also fixed as Hall switches or sensors on the carrier plate 6 and attached to the corresponding electrical angular positions.
  • This arrangement and design means that the switching frequency of the Hall generator or sensor 34 can be used immediately as a setpoint speed generator and thus additional tachometer generators become superfluous.
  • the sensors 34, ie Hall generators or Hall switches also make clear statements about the polarity of the permanent magnetic field, ie. of the permanent magnet 2, and identify these statements as "L" or "H" signals.
  • the switching insert can also be clearly defined.
  • a second Hall switch 34 ' for determining a specific target speed, but its electrical phase is shifted by 90 degrees with respect to the commutating, first Hall switch 34'.
  • the effect of this second Hall switch 34 ' influences a downstream pulse width control, which causes the electronics to change the switch-on angle when the desired target speed of the motor 1 is reached and thus to change the width of the switching pulses themselves. This ensures that when the motor is not loaded, ie machine 1, the pulse width becomes very narrow and centers in the direction of the center.
  • Type of control also takes fluctuations in the supply voltage and load changes of the machine 1.
  • the second Hall generator or Hall switch 34 ' can be used to control the second circuit become.
  • the Hall generators or sensors 34, 34 'for the control are then used crosswise, i.e. the first Hall switch 34 controls the first coil and controls the second coil and the second Hall switch 34 'controls the second coil and controls the first coil.
  • This provides a simple control circuit that detects all the parameters that occur, such as load, voltage, temperature and resistance changes in the circuit, in their control characteristics.
  • the rotating permanent magnet 2 is arranged in the center between two carrier plates 6 for conductor tracks 7, these conductor tracks 7 being additionally comprised of a ferromagnetic material 36.
  • the ferromagnetic material 36 as is also shown by a section through the carrier plate 6 in the plane XI-XI in FIG. 10, is preferably provided in the free spaces 37 between the conductor tracks 7 and also outside the same. In this way, the field concentration of the magnetic field, for example the permanent magnet 2, is increased, so that in this. If the conductor track parts 38, 39 lying outside the magnetic fields are also detected and used to drive the rotor.
  • the magnetic field, ie the permanent magnet 2 of each machine 1 is on one, preferably pot-shaped plate 42 attached, which consists of a magnetizable material, such as steel.
  • This plate 42 is clamped on the shaft 14 of the machine 1 and rotates about the axis of rotation X with this shaft.
  • a further disk 43 is arranged on the same shaft 14, which, like the plate 42, also rotates with the shaft 14.
  • the shaft 14 itself, which is rotatably mounted in the housing of the machine 1, is. taken in bearings 43, and these bearings are provided on the end plates 40, 41 of the machine 1.
  • end shields 40, 41 of the machine 1 are connected either directly via screwing means 45, as shown in FIG. 1, or indirectly via spacers 46, as shown in FIG. 11. Such connections of end shields 40, 41 are, however, generally known, so that they will not be discussed further here.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)

Abstract

La machine électrique (1) comporte, pour l'obtention d'un champ d'excitation, au moins une paire de pôles magnétiques permanents et au moins une piste de conduction (7) pouvant être parcourue par un courant électrique. La paire de pôles magnétiques est formée par un aimant permanent (2) réalisé sous la forme d'un disque, tandis que la piste de conduction électrique (7) est mise sous la forme d'une bobine plate disposée en au moins une couche sur un support (6). Chaque piste de conduction (7) disposée sur le support (6) est placée avec au moins la zone de son tronçon actif (11) à l'intérieur de la géométrie de l'aimant permanent tournant (2) et s'étend, à l'intérieur de ce tronçon (11), angulairement et de manière coïncidente par rapport à la zone neutre (16) des pôles magnétiques de l'aimant permanent (2), disposés autour de l'arbre (14), de manière telle que la largeur interne (16) des pistes de conduction (7) forme, vis-à-vis de la largeur externe (25), le même angle que par rapport à la zone neutre (16) de l'aimant permanent (2) et que lors de sa rotation autour de l'axe (x), chaque piste (7) balaye parallèlement la zone neutre (16) pendant un certain temps donné.
EP19830902640 1982-08-27 1983-08-22 Machine electrique Withdrawn EP0118471A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3231966 1982-08-27
DE19823231966 DE3231966A1 (de) 1982-08-27 1982-08-27 Elektrische maschine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0118471A1 true EP0118471A1 (fr) 1984-09-19

Family

ID=6171885

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19830902640 Withdrawn EP0118471A1 (fr) 1982-08-27 1983-08-22 Machine electrique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0118471A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3231966A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1984001062A1 (fr)

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DE3526166C2 (de) * 1984-07-23 1996-05-02 Asahi Chemical Ind Bürstenloser Elektromotor und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Spuleneinheit für diesen
CA1266877A (fr) * 1984-09-13 1990-03-20 Erich Rabe Machine a courant continu commutee electroniquement et son usage
DE3447979A1 (de) * 1984-09-13 1986-03-20 Erich 8500 Nürnberg Rabe Elektronisch kommutierte gleichstrommaschine und deren verwendung
DE3433695C1 (de) 1984-09-13 1992-04-23 Erich 8500 Nürnberg Rabe Elektronisch kommutierte Gleichstrommaschine und deren Verwendung
DE3447980A1 (de) * 1984-09-13 1986-03-20 Erich 8500 Nürnberg Rabe Elektronisch kommutierter gleichstrommotor zum antrieb rotierender speichermedien
JPS61180560A (ja) * 1985-02-01 1986-08-13 Kangiyou Denki Kiki Kk 直流ブラシレスマイクロモ−タ
GB2275371A (en) * 1993-02-11 1994-08-24 Westcombe International Limite An electronically commutated electric motor
RU2098908C1 (ru) * 1995-03-07 1997-12-10 Товарищество с ограниченной ответственностью "ПЭТРО-ФЭСТ" Вентильный электродвигатель
DE19622699A1 (de) † 1996-06-05 1997-12-11 Krauss Maffei Ag Regeleinrichtung und -verfahren für Motoren
DE19920048A1 (de) * 1999-04-23 2000-10-26 Claus Rein Elektromechanischer Energiewandler
DE10208564A1 (de) * 2002-02-27 2003-09-11 Joerg Bobzin Luftspule für rotierende elektrische Maschinen und deren Herstellungsverfahren
DE10208566A1 (de) * 2002-02-27 2003-09-11 Joerg Bobzin Elektrische Spule und/oder Wicklung mit einseitig zum Spulenbündel liegendem Stromeingang und Stromausgang und deren Herstellungsverfahren
DE102007040750A1 (de) 2007-08-28 2009-03-05 Brusa Elektronik Ag Stromerregter Synchronmotor insbesondere für Fahrzeugantriebe
DE202010013455U1 (de) 2010-09-23 2010-12-02 Ginzel, Lothar, Dipl.-Ing. Elektrische Maschine
DE202011001558U1 (de) 2011-01-15 2011-03-17 Ginzel, Lothar, Dipl.-Ing. Elektrische Maschine
DE202011001541U1 (de) 2011-01-16 2011-03-31 Ginzel, Lothar, Dipl.-Ing. Schiebetür

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FR1259582A (fr) * 1960-03-17 1961-04-28 Electronique & Automatisme Sa Dispositif perfectionné de machine électrique tournante synchrone
US3096455A (en) * 1962-03-08 1963-07-02 Basic Motor Developments Inc Printed disc electrical machinery
FR1516085A (fr) * 1967-01-06 1968-03-08 Perfectionnements aux moteurs à courant continu sans collecteur, et à certains dispositifs qui les utilisent
FR2149610A5 (fr) * 1971-08-13 1973-03-30 Poubeau Pierre
DE2143752C3 (de) * 1971-09-01 1980-10-02 Papst-Motoren Kg, 7742 St Georgen Kollektorloser Gleichstrommotor mit einem axialen Luftspalt
GB1576956A (en) * 1976-11-01 1980-10-15 Sony Corp Brushless direct current motors
GB1572586A (en) * 1978-03-22 1980-07-30 Mfe Corp Disc drive system
DE2913602A1 (de) * 1979-04-02 1980-10-09 Computer Peripherie Tech Antriebsvorrichtung mit einem motor mit scheibenfoermigem anker

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3231966A1 (de) 1984-03-01
WO1984001062A1 (fr) 1984-03-15

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