EP0126975A2 - Instrument de musique électronique à touches - Google Patents

Instrument de musique électronique à touches Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0126975A2
EP0126975A2 EP84104615A EP84104615A EP0126975A2 EP 0126975 A2 EP0126975 A2 EP 0126975A2 EP 84104615 A EP84104615 A EP 84104615A EP 84104615 A EP84104615 A EP 84104615A EP 0126975 A2 EP0126975 A2 EP 0126975A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
subsystem
voice
digital
bus
musical instrument
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP84104615A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0126975A3 (fr
Inventor
Reinhard Franz
Wilfried Dipl.-Ing. Dittmar
Christian Dipl.-Phys. Scheidegger
Roland Dipl. Mathematiker Fröhlich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FRANZ, REINHARD
Original Assignee
Wersi Electronic GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wersi Electronic GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Wersi Electronic GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0126975A2 publication Critical patent/EP0126975A2/fr
Publication of EP0126975A3 publication Critical patent/EP0126975A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H7/00—Instruments in which the tones are synthesised from a data store, e.g. computer organs
    • G10H7/002—Instruments in which the tones are synthesised from a data store, e.g. computer organs using a common processing for different operations or calculations, and a set of microinstructions, e.g. programs, to control the sequence thereof
    • G10H7/004—Instruments in which the tones are synthesised from a data store, e.g. computer organs using a common processing for different operations or calculations, and a set of microinstructions, e.g. programs, to control the sequence thereof with one or more auxiliary processor in addition to the main processing unit
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H1/02—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos
    • G10H1/06—Circuits for establishing the harmonic content of tones, or other arrangements for changing the tone colour

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electronic keyboard musical instrument with input elements, such as sound release buttons and digital and / or analog control elements, with a main system which has a main system bus having data, address and control lines and a main system computer having memory and microprocessor, and with at least one voice module, which is connected to the main system computer via the main system bus and forms sound signals from parameters supplied by it as a function of the actuated input elements.
  • input elements such as sound release buttons and digital and / or analog control elements
  • main system which has a main system bus having data, address and control lines and a main system computer having memory and microprocessor, and with at least one voice module, which is connected to the main system computer via the main system bus and forms sound signals from parameters supplied by it as a function of the actuated input elements.
  • each voice module generates the sound signal of a voice by point-wise combining this signal from stored digital values and then converting it into an analog signal.
  • These digital values are stored in the common data memory as a table or based on a calculation by the computer. If a larger number of sound signals, for example more than 10 sound signals, are to be generated simultaneously, the data memory becomes very large and the working speed of the microprocessor is no longer sufficient to make all voices sound perfectly acoustically.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an electronic keyboard musical instrument of the type mentioned in the possibility of generating a large number of sound signals acoustically perfectly simultaneously with little additional effort.
  • the voice module has a subsystem with a subsystem bus, which also has data, address and control lines, and a subsystem computer with a memory and microprocessor, that voice outputs are available for the sound signals of more than one voice that to the subsystem bus, a multiple timer that outputs time signals for each voice with a multiple of its frequency and a digital-to-analog converter with an output register for each voice output is connected, and that a sequence control circuit is provided which is dependent on gives the time signals commands for transferring digital data from the subsystem memory to the digital-to-analog converter and commands for delivering the analog signal into one of the output registers. ;
  • the main system computer is effectively relieved.
  • the main system computer only needs to calculate new parameters for the voice concerned when the input data changes and to transfer them to the subsystem memory.
  • the capacity of the main system computer is then available for other tasks. For example, it can poll I / O modules cyclically.
  • the additional work for the subsystem computer is low, since there are no high demands placed on either the microprocessor or the memory.
  • four voices with a total of eight tone signals were generated with a subsystem computer.
  • the overall instrument had four such voice modules.
  • the sequence control circuit can, for example, directly influence the subsystem microprocessor with its transfer command. However, it is much cheaper to provide a separate memory access control circuit that can be activated by the transfer commands of the sequence control circuit. Such a circuit works faster, so that the work of the subsystem microprocessor need only be interrupted for a short time.
  • the digital-analog converter expediently has only one channel and a multiplexer controlled by the storage commands connects its analog output to the individual output registers.
  • the digital-to-analog converter has a number of channels which corresponds to the number of voice outputs and which are addressed by the store commands.
  • the sequence control circuit comprises a priority circuit which prevents the simultaneous occurrence of a second transfer command by delaying its delivery time, and that each output register is assigned at least one buffer memory which is assigned by a forwarding signal can be fed to the sequence control circuit at the same time as the time signal as a storage command.
  • a priority circuit which prevents the simultaneous occurrence of a second transfer command by delaying its delivery time
  • each output register is assigned at least one buffer memory which is assigned by a forwarding signal can be fed to the sequence control circuit at the same time as the time signal as a storage command.
  • the digital-to-analog converter is a multiplying converter, to which envelope curve voltages can be supplied in addition to the digital values for tone curves as multiplication factors of envelope registers, and if a second digital-to-analog converter connected to the subsystem bus for shaping the envelope voltage is provided. This saves computational work in the subsystem microprocessor because tone curves and envelopes are generated separately and then multiplied together.
  • the second digital-to-analog converter has only one channel, it should be followed by a multiplexer that distributes the analog signals to the envelope registers. Instead, a digital-to-analog converter with several addressable channels can also be provided.
  • the number of voice outputs is at least twice as large as the number of timer channels and at least two output registers are assigned to the time signals of each voice. In this way, very complicated voices can be generated, which would otherwise require a great deal of effort.
  • a bus switch is provided for bidirectional data exchange between the main and subsystem. that alternately connects the subsystem memory to the main system bus and the subsystem bus. Because the subsystem memory is alternately connected to the main system bus and the subsystem bus, data stored from the main system can be read by the subsystem, while conversely, feedback data stored by the subsystem can be read by the main system. Since memories and switches can have quite high clock frequencies, it is even possible to connect the main system bus and the subsystem bus to the subsystem memory one after the other in each cycle of the microprocessors.
  • all output registers can be connected to an audio line via a voice output switch.
  • the output register in question can be completely separated from the audio lines, so that no interfering noises occur.
  • the voice output switch can also be used to connect the output register to one of several audio lines, for example if post-processing of the audio signals in an effects module is desired.
  • Bus PB is connected to a main system 3 which has an MC which contains a microprocessor CPU, a program memory ROM and a data memory RAM.
  • MC which contains a microprocessor CPU, a program memory ROM and a data memory RAM.
  • the main system computer MC also controls the display elements.
  • connection device C is connected to the audio bus AB, which enables the connection of sound carriers, e.g. cassettes.
  • Fig. 2 shows the structure of a voice module V1, which can generate four voices simultaneously, each voice being formed from two tone curves and two envelopes. Accordingly, the voice module V1 has eight output registers AR.
  • a subsystem 6 with a subsystem computer UMC which has a subsystem memory URAM and a subsystem microprocessor UCPU, is used for voice generation.
  • a bus switch BS can alternately connect the memory bus SB leading to the subsystem memory URAM with the main system bus HB and a subsystem bus UB.
  • the clock speed of the bus switch BS is twice as high as that of the main system computer MC and subsystem computer UMP. In this way, both the subsystem 6 can take over data from the main system 3 and the main system can take over data from the subsystem.
  • the main system loads the program for the subsystem as well as parameters for the four voices into the subsystem memory URAM.
  • the subsystem bus UB connects the subsystem microprocessor UCPU, a multiple timer T, a memory access control circuit DMAC, a 12-bit digital-to-analog converter DAC1, an 8-channel multiplexer MUX1 with eight envelope register registers SH in the form of sample and hold elements, a double-buffered 8-channel 8-bit digital-to-analog converter DAC2 and an arrangement of voice output switches designed as a crosspoint matrix CPM.
  • the subsystem microprocessor UCPU is used for initialization, the calculation of the envelopes and the programming of the multiple timer T, the memory access control circuit DMAC and the crosspoint matrix CPM.
  • the multiple timer T determines the frequency of the four voices and the repetition frequency of the envelope calculation. It therefore gives four independent time signals TO, namely a sequence of for each voice Time signals with the multiple frequency of the voices, from.
  • the memory access control circuit DMAC causes the tone curve digital values for the four voices to be read out repeatedly from the subsystem memory URAM.
  • the digital-to-analog converter DAC1 carries out the digital-to-analog conversion of the envelopes of the four voices, the individual values of which are then transferred to the envelope register register SH via a line HK and the multiplexer MUX1. Eight different envelope voltages are therefore applied to the DAC2 digital-to-analog converter via the HKB envelope bus.
  • this converter receives individual values from a table stored in the URAM data memory in order to generate eight tone curves. These values are transferred in eight channels via an intermediate memory ZS to digital output registers AR, multiplied by the respective envelope voltage and then passed as analog audio signals to the corresponding line of the 8-channel audio signal bus TSB. By means of the crosspoint matrix CPM, the audio signals are switched to one or more lines of the audio bus AB or switched off from these lines.
  • the main system writes parameters (e.g. about 170 bytes) to the subsystem via the BS bus switch Memory URAM and then issues a start command to this memory.
  • the subsystem microprocessor UCPU can read this start command after the next switchover of the bus switch and then generates the corresponding voice by setting the timer T, activating the memory access control circuit DMAC, connecting the crosspoint matrix CPM to the desired audio channel and envelopes calculates and outputs.
  • the timer T outputs time signals TO with a multiple of the desired frequency to the sequence control circuit ALO for the selected voice.
  • the sequence control circuit ALO is actuated by an acknowledgment signal DACK in order to emit a write signal WR to the buffer store ZS of the associated channel of the digital-to-analog converter DAC2.
  • a priority circuit in the sequence control circuit ALO ensures that the transmission command DREQ belonging to the second tone curve of the selected voice and the corresponding write command WR are delayed by one working cycle.
  • the digital values belonging to the same time signal are therefore written into the intermediate memory ZS of the corresponding channels of the digital-to-analog converter DAC2 at different times.
  • a digital output register AR is connected downstream of the buffer store ZS, into which the buffer store values are transferred when a store command XFER occurs will wear. This filing command occurs simultaneously with the time signal TO.
  • the data which is read in with a time offset, is therefore converted analogously from the output register at the same time and output to the audio signal bus TSB.
  • the same time shift of the transmission commands DREQ also occurs if the time signals of two voices should occur at the same time.
  • the digital-to-analog converter DAC1 compiles the envelopes for the different sound signals from digital values calculated in the subsystem. Since this takes place in the time-division multiplex method, the analog values output via the one channel HK are distributed to the envelope register register SH using the multiplexer MUX1. The envelope curve voltages thus formed serve as a multiplication factor for the tone curve values supplied from digital output register AR.
  • variable sounds can also be produced, for example a guitar with a string tone + plucked plectrum or, in the case of a pan flute, sinus tone + noise or a beat due to opposing amplitude modulation of the components.
  • the subsystem microprocessor UCPU writes a voucher signal for each voice in the subsystem memory URAM, where the main system microprocessor CPU can call it up.
  • the occupancy signal corresponds to the current volume of the voice and therefore gives a measure of its importance of the voice in the overall sound. If the sound is percussive, it will fade out automatically and the subsystem will report this with the voucher signal zero.
  • the main system can, if a new voice is to be issued, 'search for an incompletely voiced module or - if all voices are currently busy - search for the one with the lowest voucher signal and issue an abort command for it.
  • the UCPU subsystem microprocessor reads this command and turns off the voice, whereupon the voucher signal goes to zero. Now the main system can start the new voice.
  • the main system computer checks whether this sound signal is still running in the subsystem, that is to say that it is not percussive and has not yet been stopped or that the percussive sound has not yet fully decayed. If necessary, he writes a release command for this voice in the subsystem memory URAM. The subsystem then goes to the release phase for the envelope calculation, which is shorter or longer depending on the envelope type and then signals itself with the zero signal when the envelope has completely decayed.
  • the main system tracks the subsystem memories URAM at certain addresses to the volume levels, slalom settings associated with the voices currently being generated, and possibly other parameters that change during the tone duration.
  • the voice output switches which are arranged as a crosspoint matrix CPM, serve to switch the voices to specific post-treatment channels, depending on the type, so that they can be retained in the effect modules El-E3, or to suppress interference signals entirely from the audio bus lines switch off if the voice is not occupied.
  • the mode of operation of the bus switch BS is illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • the top line shows the cycles N, N + 1, N + 2 ... of the main system microprocessor CPU, in the second line the cycles i, i + 1, i + 2 ... des offset by half the cycle duration UCPU subsystem microprocessor.
  • the third line shows the switching signal or the switching state of the bus switch BS.
  • the fourth line indicates how long the memory bus SB is connected to the main system bus HB and the subsystem bus UB.
  • the memory bus SB is always connected to the associated bus of the main system or the subsystem in the second half of the respective computer cycle. This enables each microprocessor CPU and UCPU to read and write the URAM subsystem memory as if it were normally connected to the associated bus. Since the URAM subsystem memory works faster than the microprocessors, it is permissible that it is only connected to the respective microprocessor over part of the cycle time.
  • the sequence control circuit ALO acts directly on the subsystem microprocessor UCPU and, when the transfer command DREQ occurs, the background program of this microprocessor is interrupted and a transfer program is started.
  • tone curves and envelopes are not simulated separately, but the digital values for the outgoing tone signal are calculated and put into the 1-channel digital-to-analog converter DAC3.
  • the outputs of the downstream multiplexer MUX2 can therefore be connected directly to the output register AR, which are connected to the crosspoint matrix CPM via the audio signal bus TSB.
  • the output register AR is a buffer ZS connected upstream, which, when the storage command XFER corresponding to a time signal TO occurs, simultaneously outputs the analog values of the sound signals belonging to the same voice into the output register, even if they should have been previously treated in succession in the digital-to-analog converter DAC3.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
EP84104615A 1983-05-21 1984-04-25 Instrument de musique électronique à touches Withdrawn EP0126975A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3318666 1983-05-21
DE3318666A DE3318666C1 (de) 1983-05-21 1983-05-21 Elektronisches Tastenmusikinstrument

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0126975A2 true EP0126975A2 (fr) 1984-12-05
EP0126975A3 EP0126975A3 (fr) 1988-02-10

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Family Applications (1)

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EP84104615A Withdrawn EP0126975A3 (fr) 1983-05-21 1984-04-25 Instrument de musique électronique à touches

Country Status (3)

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US (1) US4572048A (fr)
EP (1) EP0126975A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE3318666C1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0448034A3 (fr) * 1990-03-20 1994-04-27 Yamaha Corp
WO1997013240A1 (fr) * 1995-10-03 1997-04-10 International Business Machines Corporation Synthetiseur audio
US5744741A (en) * 1995-01-13 1998-04-28 Yamaha Corporation Digital signal processing device for sound signal processing

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4829473A (en) * 1986-07-18 1989-05-09 Commodore-Amiga, Inc. Peripheral control circuitry for personal computer
JPH0631957B2 (ja) * 1987-02-06 1994-04-27 ヤマハ株式会社 電子楽器
JP2778645B2 (ja) * 1987-10-07 1998-07-23 カシオ計算機株式会社 電子弦楽器
JP2580814B2 (ja) * 1990-01-05 1997-02-12 ヤマハ株式会社 楽音信号発生装置
JP3120483B2 (ja) * 1991-08-28 2000-12-25 カシオ計算機株式会社 効果付加装置
US5410603A (en) * 1991-07-19 1995-04-25 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Effect adding apparatus
JP2626387B2 (ja) * 1991-12-24 1997-07-02 ヤマハ株式会社 電子楽器
JP3806263B2 (ja) * 1998-07-16 2006-08-09 ヤマハ株式会社 楽音合成装置および記憶媒体
TWI775505B (zh) * 2021-06-25 2022-08-21 新唐科技股份有限公司 可避免突發事件干擾的微控制器、保護電路及保護方法

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4373416A (en) * 1976-12-29 1983-02-15 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Wave generator for electronic musical instrument
JPS5583095A (en) * 1978-12-18 1980-06-23 Kawai Musical Instr Mfg Co Allocating device for keyboarddswitch information
US4357489A (en) * 1980-02-04 1982-11-02 Texas Instruments Incorporated Low voltage speech synthesis system with pulse width digital-to-analog converter
GB2097167B (en) * 1981-03-31 1984-12-19 Casio Computer Co Ltd Electronic musical instrument
US4412470A (en) * 1981-06-08 1983-11-01 Baldwin Piano & Organ Company System for communicating data among microcomputers in an electronic musical instrument
US4522099A (en) * 1983-12-14 1985-06-11 Adolph Coors Company Tone generator

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0448034A3 (fr) * 1990-03-20 1994-04-27 Yamaha Corp
US5340940A (en) * 1990-03-20 1994-08-23 Yamaha Corporation Musical tone generation apparatus capable of writing/reading parameters at high speed
US5744741A (en) * 1995-01-13 1998-04-28 Yamaha Corporation Digital signal processing device for sound signal processing
WO1997013240A1 (fr) * 1995-10-03 1997-04-10 International Business Machines Corporation Synthetiseur audio

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4572048A (en) 1986-02-25
EP0126975A3 (fr) 1988-02-10
DE3318666C1 (de) 1984-10-11

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