EP0132969B1 - Appareils détecteurs de fumée - Google Patents

Appareils détecteurs de fumée Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0132969B1
EP0132969B1 EP19840304549 EP84304549A EP0132969B1 EP 0132969 B1 EP0132969 B1 EP 0132969B1 EP 19840304549 EP19840304549 EP 19840304549 EP 84304549 A EP84304549 A EP 84304549A EP 0132969 B1 EP0132969 B1 EP 0132969B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sampling
pipe
smoke
base
smoke detection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19840304549
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0132969A1 (fr
Inventor
Martin Terence Cole
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
COLE, MARTIN TERENCE
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT84304549T priority Critical patent/ATE38444T1/de
Priority claimed from AU30236/84A external-priority patent/AU573594B2/en
Publication of EP0132969A1 publication Critical patent/EP0132969A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0132969B1 publication Critical patent/EP0132969B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/06—Electric actuation of the alarm, e.g. using a thermally-operated switch

Definitions

  • This invention relates to smoke detection apparatus.
  • Said smoke transport system may take the form of a pipe or network thereof, configured to draw a continuous small sample of air from the areas within which fire detection is required. The aggregate of all said areas constitutes one fire zone. Said continuous sample of air from said zone is drawn by means of a fan, downstream from said sampling chamber. Each location where an opening is made to allow the passage of air into said smoke transport system, constitutes a sampling point.
  • the atmosphere may be relatively clear of smoke depending upon the use of the premises.
  • Dormitories in a school, or partitioned offce blocks for example would have a relatively clear atmosphere.
  • the kitchen in each House Master's quarters of that school could have a smokey atmosphere at cooking times, while bathrooms would regularly become steamed.
  • certain areas of a factory such as a main workshop may have a polluted atmosphere whereas other areas in the factor are relatively clear.
  • the use of sensitive smoke detection apparatus in said areas would certainly lead to false alarms.
  • EP-A-0040342 discloses the concept of controlling sampling apertures in a smoke detection system by providing manually adjustable devices.
  • US-A-4,241,282 discloses a radiation sensitive smoke detector wherein a bimetallic element is provided in the radiation region to compensate for decrease in the sensitivity of the detector to smoke with temperature increase.
  • US-A-4,170,189 discloses a heat sensitive assembly incorporating eutectic metal.
  • US-A-3,765,842 discloses a switchable air sampling system for withdrawing air samples sequentially from a supervised space and testing them for carbon monoxide.
  • the most effective, economical and versatile solution is embodied in the present invention by providing an improved smoke detection system which is independent of normal or ambient foggy and smokey conditions not associated with a dangerous rise in temperature.
  • a smoke detector system including a sampling pipe which is connected to an associated smoke detection device characterised by an apertured housing adapted for connection to said pipe at a point on said pipe remote from the connection of said pipe to said associated smoke detection device; plug means in said housing for controlling flow of ambient gaseous atmosphere to said sampling pipe such that under normal ambient conditions ambient gaseous atmosphere is blocked from said sampling pipe; said plug means consisting of or being retained by a low melting point substance such that when the ambient temperature exceeds the melting temperature of said substance, said plug means becomes ineffective to block the flow of ambient gaseous atmosphere, and ambient gaseous atmosphere is admitted to said sampling pipe for exposure to said associated smoke detection device.
  • the present invention utilises a housing, a suitable wax or low melting point metal such as "Woods metal” and a heat-collector plug, the wax or metal acting as an adhesive to retain said plug in such a manner that the sampling pipe is normally blocked.
  • Said plug is configured, and is of suitable composition, to act as an efficient collector of heat from the surrounding atmosphere.
  • said plug collects and conducting sufficient heat to melt said wax or metal adhesive, said plug falls away from said housing, to expose the sampling pipe.
  • wax or metal of melting point 67 degrees Celsius results in exposure of the sampling pipe in fifteen seconds to four minutes, depending upon the design of the heat activated sampling point (H.A.S.P.) components.
  • the variation in delay times result from variations in design parameters such as surface area of the plug, its mass conductivity and various other factors. However, factors such as ruggedness and appearance in use may be adversely affected in achieving extremely short reaction times.
  • the present invention is seen as an effective compromise taking into account these parameters. Considerations of cost and aesthetics may dominate the design choice.
  • said fire zone may utilize the heat activated sampling point (H.A.S.P.) technique in every area, whilst a building may contain several said zones.
  • H.A.S.P. heat activated sampling point
  • the H.A.S.P. technique would be appropriate in highly dusty areas, such as a joinery factory. Waxes of various melting points could be chosen in accordance with the maximum ambient temperatures prevailing. Thus, application in relatively hot and smokey environments such as boiler rooms or standby generator rooms would be possible.
  • Figure 1 is a sectional view of a sampling point mounting base
  • a convenient circular mounting base (1) is provided.
  • Said base is adapted to be mounted to the ceiling in various possible ways to suit circumstances. Accordingly said base is sized to match a standard circular electrical junction box of a type which may be surface-mounted or may have been pre-cast into a concrete floor slab. Said base is also configured for direct surface- mounting.
  • Push-fit airtight coupling to the pipe network is facilitated by tapered holes (2) into said base, permitting top entry, side entry, or tee-junction- ing.
  • An annular rim (3) is provided for aesthetic appeal and where appropriate, to provide a ledge to hide the end of a run of surface-mounted rectangular conduit.
  • the underneath of said base has a deep, tapered cylindrical recess (4), in the centre of which is the actual orifice (5) of said sampling point.
  • a cylindrical cartridge assembly (6) consisting of said housing (7) with an integral well to contain said wax adhesive (8) and said heat-collecting plug (9), is adapted to be held by wax adhesion in said recess, to block said sampling point.
  • a ventilated protective guard means 10 to prevent damage from thrown objects, which might otherwise cause the seal of said wax to be broken and said heat collecting plug to fall away.
  • Said mounting base is provided with counter bored holes (11) positioned at right-angles to the cross- section shown, to facilitate attachment to the ceiling or junction box by means of two screws.
  • the heat collecting plug should be of high heat conducting material such as copper, aluminium or ceramic.
  • the curve indicates a thermal profile of temperature against time in a test chamber housing various test heads.
  • a conventional quartz bulb sprinkler head has a delay time of approximately 13 minutes whereas a conventional thermal detector is in excess of 100 seconds.
  • the sampling point assembly of the present invention is a little less than 80 seconds in the arrangement shown.
  • a removable cartridge assembly 6 which may be a press fit or threaded.
  • the fire brigade may conduct testing of every sampling point at any time, simply be removing said cartridge and introducing test smoke.
  • said bases may have said cartridges inserted or removed at will.
  • said cartridges are made available with and without said heat-collecting plug installed, such that a cartridge of either type is inserted into every said base.
  • FIGS. 6(a), 6(b), 6(c), 6(d), 6(e) and 6(f) show schematically various examples of heat collecting plug or blocking means 9 housed in a recess 8 to shroud and block aperture 5.
  • the blocking member 9 is secured into the well by a wax adhesive for example TECHNIWAX 9210 which is an adhesive consisting of a long chain hydrocarbon wax having a melting point in the range of 64 to 68°C.
  • a wax adhesive for example TECHNIWAX 9210 which is an adhesive consisting of a long chain hydrocarbon wax having a melting point in the range of 64 to 68°C.
  • the material may be thin and have a large surface area such as in Figures 6(a) and 6(f) resulting in relatively short delay times after 67°C is exceeded under test.
  • locking members of thin material and relatively small surface area such as Figures 6(b) and 6(d) take longer to break the seal.
  • Blocking members having greater mass and relatively high surface area such as Figures 6(c) and 6(e) also exhibited long delay times before breaking away from the wax seal.
  • the latent heat of the wax, its mass and the surface area and geometry of the plug all become factors affecting the reaction time of the unit.
  • the delay resulting from said reaction time may be of benefit in avoiding false alarms caused by transient but safe rises in temperature.
  • the delay time for each example in Figures 6(a) to 6(f) is shown on each Figure.
  • FIG. 7 there is shown schematically a reticulation smoke transport system of sampling pipes 23 and 24 leading to various sampling areas to detect the presence of smoke in those areas.
  • the transport system leads back to a sampling chamber or tube 22 of the type initially referred to.
  • the blocking means may include a temperature responsive bimetallic strip (not shown) blocking the opening to the air sampling pipe.
  • the strip may be of various dissimilar metals, such as copper and steel, rivetted or welded together and arranged to distort upon the surrounding temperature level exceeding a predetermined level which is usually indicative of fire.

Landscapes

  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)

Claims (5)

1. Système de détection de fumée comprenant un tuyau de prélévement (23, 24) qui est relié à un dispositif de détection de fumée associé (22) caractérisé par un corps (6) muni d'une ouverture, apte à être raccordé audit tuyau en un point dudit tuyau situé à l'écart du raccord entre ledit tuyau et ledit dispositif de détection de fumée associé; un moyen d'obturation (9) placé dans ledit corps en vue de commander l'écoulement de l'atmosphère gazeuse ambiante dans ledit tuyau de prélèvement de façon telle que, dans des conditions d'ambiance normales, l'atmosphère gazeuse ambiante est empêchée de passer dans ledit tuyau de prélèvement; ledit moyen d'obturation consistant en une substance (8) à bas point de fusion, ou étant maintenu par une telle substance, de telle façon que lorsque la température ambiante excède la température de fusion de ladite substance (8), ledit moyen d'obturation (9) devient inefficace pour bloquer l'écoulement de l'atmosphère gazeuse ambiante, et que l'atmosphère gazeuse ambiante est admise dans ledit tuyau de prélèvement (23, 24) en vue d'être exposée audit dispositif de détection de fumée associé.
2. Système selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit corps muni d'une ouverture comprend une base (1) apte à être fixée sur un support; que des moyens d'orifices (5) sont ménagés dans ladite base pour l'admission de ladite atmosphère gazeuse ambiante; et qu'un ensemble formant une cartouche cylindrique (6) peut être monté sur ladite base et en être détaché aisément de façon à se trouver en communication avec ledit moyen d'orifice; ledit ensemble (6) formant une cartouche cylindrique comprenant ledit moyen d'obturation (9) et ladite substance (8) à bas point de fusion.
3. Système selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit corps muni d'une ouverture comprend une base (1) apte à être fixée sur un support; que des moyens d'orifice (5) sont ménagés dans ladite base pour l'admission de ladite atmosphère gazeuse ambiante; et qu'un moyen de capot de protection ventilé (10) est monté sur ladite base pour entourer ledit moyen d'obturation (9) et ledit moyen d'orifice (5), en vue de protéger ledit moyen d'obturation et ledit moyen d'orifice à l'abri des objets lancés.
4. Système selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit corps muni d'une ouverture comprend une base (1) apte à être fixée à un support; que des moyens d'orifices (5) sont ménagés dans ladite base pour l'admission de ladite atmosphère gazeuse ambiante, et que ledit moyen d'orifice se termine dans ledit corps muni d'une ouverture par des ramifications (2), lesdites ramifications (2) étant aptes à être reliées à un tuyau de prélèvement (22, 23) qui est enfilé par poussée dans une ramification d'une façon étanche à l'air.
5. Système de détection de fumée comprenant un moyen de détection de fumée comportant une chambre d'échantillons (22) destinée à détecter automatiquement la présence de fumée dans ladite chambre d'échantillons; un système de transport de fumée formant un réseau destiné à aspirer en continu des échantillons d'air ambiant en provenance de plusieurs emplacements (25) de prélèvement espacés entre eux, pour combiner lesdits prélèvements et pour délivrer lesdits échantillons combinés dans ledit moyen de détection de fumée, ledit système de transport de fumée formant un réseau comprenant un ventilateur aspirant (20) destiné à aspirer en continu lesdits échantillons combinés hors dudit moyen de détection de fumée, un tuyau de prélèvement (23) relié à ladite chambre d'échantillons en vue de délivrer dans cette dernière lesdits échantillons combinés et une pluralité de tuyaux de prélèvement (24) formant une ramification, reliés chacun à une extrémité audit tuyau d'échantillonnage (23) et se terminant à l'autre extrémité à un emplacement de prélèvement respectif parmi les emplacements de prélèvement espacés entre eux (25), ledit ventilateur aspirant (20) aspirant des échantillons d'air individuels en provenance de ladite pluralité d'emplacements de prélèvement, en passant par les tuyaux de prélèvement formant ramifications respectifs, par le tuyau de prélèvement (23), pour sortir en passant dans ledit dispositif de détection de fumée; et une tête de prélèvement reliée à chaque tuyau de prélèvement formant une ramification (24) au dit emplacement de prélèvement (25); caractérisé en ce que une partie desdites têtes de prélèvement comprennent des moyens (8, 9) destinés à bloquer sélectivement individuellement l'admission d'échantillon d'air en provenance desdits emplacements respectifs de prélèvement (25) dans ledit tuyau de prélèvement formant une ramification respective (24) lorsque la température de ladite tête de prélèvement est inférieure à une valeur qui peut être comparée individuellement et sélectivement à une température suffisamment élevée pour indiquer une situation de danger dans l'environnement situé derrière ledit emplacement de prélèvement respectif; lesdites têtes de prélèvement restantes ne comportant pas de moyen pour bloquer l'admission de prélèvements d'air dans ledit tuyau formant une ramification respective, la fumée présente dans lesdites têtes de prélèvement restantes étant de ce fait rapidement transportée dans ladite chambre d'échantillons tandis que la fumée présente dans ladite partie des têtes de prélèvement est retenue et n'est pas transportée dans ladite chambre d'échantillons jusqu'à ce que la température à la tête de prélèvement individuelle soit suffisamment élévée pour indiquer une situation de danger à l'arrière des emplacements de prélèvement respectifs.
EP19840304549 1983-07-04 1984-07-03 Appareils détecteurs de fumée Expired EP0132969B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84304549T ATE38444T1 (de) 1983-07-04 1984-07-03 Rauch-detektor-geraet.

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU116/83 1983-07-04
AUPG011683 1983-07-04
AU30236/84A AU573594B2 (en) 1983-07-04 1984-07-03 Smoke detection apparatus

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0132969A1 EP0132969A1 (fr) 1985-02-13
EP0132969B1 true EP0132969B1 (fr) 1988-11-02

Family

ID=25621357

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19840304549 Expired EP0132969B1 (fr) 1983-07-04 1984-07-03 Appareils détecteurs de fumée

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0132969B1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI681179B (zh) * 2013-10-16 2020-01-01 巴哈馬商愛克斯崔里斯科技有限公司 粒子偵測之可定址性技術及其相關方法

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH521649A (de) * 1970-07-31 1972-04-15 Cerberus Ag Feuermeldeeinrichtung
US4170189A (en) * 1976-12-27 1979-10-09 Falcon Safety Products, Inc. Sensor element and assembly for thermally responsive apparatus
CH621640A5 (fr) * 1977-11-21 1981-02-13 Cerberus Ag
CH648943A5 (de) * 1980-05-09 1985-04-15 Cerberus Ag Rauchmelder.
NL187595C (nl) * 1981-10-08 1991-11-18 Westinghouse Electrotechniek E Inrichting voor het detecteren van gas- of rookdeeltjes.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0132969A1 (fr) 1985-02-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4608556A (en) Smoke detection apparatus
CN100390827C (zh) 火灾及烟雾检测与控制方法
EP0078442B1 (fr) Système de détection d'incendie avec détecteur de rapport IR et UV
EP0877995B1 (fr) Procede d'adaptation dynamique des criteres de detection d'incendie
US5767776A (en) Fire detector
JP2542306B2 (ja) 簡単な火災検出器
US5263543A (en) External fire prevention system
AU2016204476A1 (en) Supervision and control method for preventing poor air quality and fire as well as issuing an alarm of a dangerous condition
US5611620A (en) Method and apparatus for testing heat detectors
US3938115A (en) Combination smoke and heat detector alarm
KR102523594B1 (ko) 주방용 화재 감지장치 및 방법
EP0132969A1 (fr) Appareils détecteurs de fumée
CN114333222A (zh) 一种智能消防安全装置的控制方法及系统
US4833458A (en) Smoke and fire detector for remote sensing
US3984826A (en) Condition detector, especially for detecting atmospheric conditions
DK1339476T3 (da) Fremgangsmåde ved overvågning af filteranlæg
JP3924114B2 (ja) 滞在限界状態検出方法
ES465281A1 (es) Perfeccionamientos en dispositivos de seguridad contra fugasde gas en instalaciones de alimentacion de gas combustible.
CN221327159U (zh) 一种消防检测用报警装置
JPS638995A (ja) クリ−ンル−ムにおける防災用多段階警報設備
JPH04105665A (ja) ボンベストッカー等の防災設備
SU454029A1 (ru) Тепловой пожарный извещатель
JPH0317801Y2 (fr)
Bukowski Techniques for fire detection
JPH02173896A (ja) 火災警報装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19850810

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19861030

D17Q First examination report despatched (deleted)
GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: COLE, MARTIN TERENCE

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19881102

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19881102

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 19881102

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19881102

Ref country code: AT

Effective date: 19881102

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 38444

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19881115

Kind code of ref document: T

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3475018

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19881208

ET Fr: translation filed
NLV1 Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19890731

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: 732E

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 19940608

Year of fee payment: 11

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Effective date: 19950731

Ref country code: CH

Effective date: 19950731

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19951128

Year of fee payment: 12

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19960105

Year of fee payment: 13

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19960702

Year of fee payment: 13

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19970402

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: 732E

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19970703

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19970703

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19980331

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST