EP0145540A2 - Verfahren zum Schneiden eines soliden kompakten Materials - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Schneiden eines soliden kompakten Materials Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0145540A2
EP0145540A2 EP84402210A EP84402210A EP0145540A2 EP 0145540 A2 EP0145540 A2 EP 0145540A2 EP 84402210 A EP84402210 A EP 84402210A EP 84402210 A EP84402210 A EP 84402210A EP 0145540 A2 EP0145540 A2 EP 0145540A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
zone
holes
crack
hole
plane
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84402210A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0145540A3 (en
EP0145540B1 (de
Inventor
Etienne Vincent
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT84402210T priority Critical patent/ATE32367T1/de
Publication of EP0145540A2 publication Critical patent/EP0145540A2/de
Publication of EP0145540A3 publication Critical patent/EP0145540A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0145540B1 publication Critical patent/EP0145540B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
    • E21C37/06—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole
    • E21C37/12—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole by injecting into the borehole a liquid, either initially at high pressure or subsequently subjected to high pressure, e.g. by pulses, by explosive cartridges acting on the liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
    • B28D1/32—Methods and apparatus specially adapted for working materials which can easily be split, e.g. mica, slate, schist

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for cutting a compact solid material.
  • the invention is the result of research concerning the extraction and rendering of blocks of ornamental rock, such as cut stone, granite, slate, marble, but it can find applications in very different fields and scales, for example the destruction of large masses of concrete or other, the cutting of precious or semi-precious stones, or certain works of surgery and biology, or the preparation of parts intended for electronics, such as quartz or silicon crystals, - it can also be used in the work of certain woods, synthetic materials, etc., whenever it is necessary to create in a mass a cut according to a plan defined in advance.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method making it possible to create a cut-off in any compact solid material, a method which is more economical in energy, investment and time than the techniques employed hitherto while ensuring excellent control of the direction in which the crack will develop whatever the position and orientation of the desired cutting plane.
  • the invention therefore provides a method for creating a substantially planar cut in a mass of compact solid material such as a block or a rock, this method comprising drilling, in the plane of the cut that it is desired to create, at least two holes, closing these holes and pressurizing a fluid contained in their closed part, characterized in that these holes are arranged so that.
  • each hole in a first zone of the plane is at a distance from another hole less than five times its diameter, or intersects this other hole, and is more spaced from this other hole in a second zone of the plane, in that each of the two holes is closed at least between the first zone of the plane and the free end or ends of the said holes, in that a first pressure value P1 capable of cause the appearance, in the first zone, but not in the second zone of a crack in which said fluid is blown, and a second pressure value P2 capable of causing, even in the second zone, the guiding of a crack appeared in the first zone and in that the pressure in the two holes is raised simultaneously, at least in the first zone, up to the value PI and in that the pressure in the holes is maintained, at least in part of the second zone, at the value P2 until the cut has the desired extension.
  • the holes can be cut, they can also not be cut, either because one of the holes ends before having met the other , or because the two holes are not in the same plane due to a slight defect in orientation. In the latter case, the cut has a distortion in the region where the holes are brought together and will approach the substantially planar shape by moving away from this region.
  • an “appearance of a crack in which said fluid is blown” is meant either the formation of a discontinuity in the mass, followed by the penetration of the fluid from a hole in this discontinuity, or the penetration of the fluid into a pre-existing discontinuity, with in general widening of this discontinuity.
  • the propagation of the crack to the desired extension requires the penetration, in this crack, of an additional quantity of fluid, which requires the maintenance, at least in a part of certain holes, of a pressure of insufflation In general the required insufflation pressure decreases sharply when the extension of the crack increases, and can drop well below the pressure P2.
  • the pressure P1 capable of causing the appearance of a crack into which fluid is blown, is always at least equal to the pressure P2 necessary for guiding the further development of this crack.
  • the determination of the values P1 and P2 can result from a calculation made from the mechanical characteristics of the mass, determined beforehand. It can also be done by means of preliminary tests, in particularly in the case of quarry materials or the like.
  • primers for ruptures are created in said first zone, these primers starting from the wall of at least one of the holes, in the plane of the cut to create this has the effect of lowering the value of Pl.
  • As the formation of such a primer is costly, it is advantageous to limit its extension to the first zone.
  • Such a primer differs from that described in FR-A-405,498.
  • the initiation of rupture was intended for guiding the crack, and therefore had to have the greatest economic extension possible, both in the direction of the length of the hole as in a radial direction.
  • the initiation of rupture is created by the directed explosion of a very low charge of shattering explosive, which inexpensively creates a initiation of rupture of small extension.
  • An important element of the invention resides in the control of the crack in progress. If the crack progresses more quickly in the plane at a distance from the holes than in the vicinity of these, its limit takes a convex shape in the direction of propagation. This can happen if the fluid used is a too viscous gas or liquid, the meeting of two streams halfway between the two holes leads to a faster progression of the crack in this region. It follows that the progression of the crack is no longer guided and can deviate from the chosen plane.
  • the limit of the crack takes an exaggeratedly concave shape and tends to progress from each hole as if the other did not exist and can therefore deviate, there too, from the chosen plane.
  • the observation of the cut can inform a posteriori about the nature of the defects, which can result from an unsuitability of the fluid to the material to be cut.
  • the insufflation of the fluid the latter is constituted with a liquid of suitably chosen viscosity, it is pressurized with a gas or a liquid of lower viscosity, contained in deformable membrane placed inside the hole.
  • the second case one can have along the walls of the hole a deformable membrane which extends essentially only in the second zone.
  • Figs. 1 to 3 relate to the case where it is desired to develop a crack inside the contour A B C D of any kind, situated in any plane of a mass of solid material such as a solid mass or any block of rock.
  • two holes are drilled 101, 102 (Fig. 1), in the plane P of the desired cut, or substantially in this plane. They are connected by an initial crack 2 and we proceed as indicated below to put them under pressure.
  • the pressurization is done from the two holes, unless there has been sufficient communication between them, in which case it can be done from a single hole.
  • the crack then develops by being strongly guided along the holes 101 and 102, because of the pressure existing in these holes, it develops more quickly along the latter than in the zone lying between them and therefore always tends to remain in the plane P even when the holes 101 and 102 are relatively distant from each other.
  • the limit of the crack progression at a given time has been represented by a dashed line 20.
  • these traces 20a and 20b correspond to a defective progression of the crack: the trace 20a convex in the direction of progression, that is to say towards the top of the figure may result from the interaction of two flow of fluid coming from holes 101 and 102 and coming to meet at approximately equal distance from these holes.
  • the crack is likely to take the form of a fraction of cone limited by two generatrices corresponding to the two holes.
  • the excessively concave line 20b is due to insufficient blowing of fluid at a certain distance from the holes.
  • the crack can then take an aberrant orientation, in a helix for example, in the vicinity of each hole.
  • the diagram in FIG. 2 comprises two sets of each two holes 102, 104 and 105, 106, with two initial crack initiators giving a guidance which extends to a larger area than in the case of FIG. 1.
  • Fig. 3 we assumed that we created a single initial crack 2 at the place where two holes 107 and 110 overlap or are very close to each other, the hole 110 extending beyond this place . This crack will then develop along hole 107 and on both sides, along the hole 110. From the point where two other holes 108 and 109, also kept under pressure P2, intersect or are very close to hole 110, the crack is guided by these holes 108 and 109 and finally the guide is strongly guided. crack along all the holes and in the space between these holes, the progression being indicated by the dashed lines 21 to 24. The crack is therefore guided over a very large area with a very small number of holes.
  • Each of the holes has one of the means described below for exerting pressure on its walls, only one of the holes may include insufflation means in the initial crack 2 but all or part of the holes may include insufflation zones which only become active after the crack has passed through these areas.
  • diagrams identical to those of FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 can be created in planes P intersecting inside the massif or block, thus determining smaller blocks, all limited by substantially planar walls.
  • Figs. 4 to 6 illustrate the various devices that can be fitted to each of the holes 1 with a pair of holes such as 101.102 to pressurize them.
  • Each of the holes includes at least one plug obstructing its free end (s). It can be very short such as 3.
  • This plug can also be constituted by a transversely elastic pipe element 5, described below.
  • the pressure P2 acting on the walls of the hole for guiding the crack can be exerted either uniformly over the entire perimeter of the hole, or mainly only on two opposite sectors of this perimeter, sectors arranged on either side of the plane P of the cut.
  • this pressure can be equal to the insufflation pressure over the entire length of the hole but the insufflation fluid can be isolated from the crack developing along the hole by a cladding 4 so that the insufflation takes place only in the initial cracking zone and possibly in certain zones that one wishes to privilege.
  • a pressure P2 is exerted on the walls according to the invention for guiding the crack.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show the devices shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 showing the sections of the hole in the areas where such devices are installed.
  • Fig. 5 shows two rigid support pieces 7 of the desired length, exerting on opposite sectors 8, the force transmitted to them by an inflatable piping element 9.
  • the sectors 8 are, of course, on either side of the plan P.
  • Fig. 6 there is a single rigid part 10 and two inflatable pipe elements 11 are supported on one side on this rigid part 10, and on the other hand on the opposite sectors 8.
  • the pressurization of the blowing and guiding fluids can be carried out by numerous means known and not described here.
  • the insufflation fluid under pressure, can either be brought in from the outside through the plug (s) 3, 6 as well as the constant pressure zone 5 from which it will remain isolated, or be supplied by the fluid initially- disposed in the hole and by gases from the deflagration of a slow explosive or powder, or any other means generating pressurized gas. It may be necessary for this deflagration to occur in more than one time so as to produce at the beginning only a small quantity of gas, then in one or more subsequent sequences, at the moment when part of the insufflation fluids escapes to the outside, a higher amount of gas.
  • the fluid in the inflatable pipe element (s) 5, 9, 11 can be pressurized either by a pressurized fluid supplied from the outside, or by another method such as deflagration, the main thing being that pressure is exerted on the walls of the hole before the crack develops along these walls.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
  • Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Safety Valves (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Magnetic Record Carriers (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Control Of Vending Devices And Auxiliary Devices For Vending Devices (AREA)
EP84402210A 1983-11-07 1984-11-05 Verfahren zum Schneiden eines soliden kompakten Materials Expired EP0145540B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84402210T ATE32367T1 (de) 1983-11-07 1984-11-05 Verfahren zum schneiden eines soliden kompakten materials.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8318060A FR2554384B1 (fr) 1983-11-07 1983-11-07 Procede de decoupage d'une masse de matiere solide compacte
FR8318060 1983-11-07

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0145540A2 true EP0145540A2 (de) 1985-06-19
EP0145540A3 EP0145540A3 (en) 1985-07-10
EP0145540B1 EP0145540B1 (de) 1988-02-03

Family

ID=9294075

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84402210A Expired EP0145540B1 (de) 1983-11-07 1984-11-05 Verfahren zum Schneiden eines soliden kompakten Materials

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0145540B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE32367T1 (de)
DE (2) DE145540T1 (de)
ES (1) ES8603773A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2554384B1 (de)
NO (1) NO163642C (de)
PT (1) PT79468B (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2014001912A (ja) * 2012-06-20 2014-01-09 Kumagai Gumi Co Ltd コンクリート破断方法
CN113048845A (zh) * 2021-02-05 2021-06-29 中国化工程重型机械化有限公司 一种液态co2相变水压爆破筒

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004013967A1 (de) 2004-03-19 2005-10-06 Basf Ag Kühlung und Reinigung von Gasströmen

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR12434E (de) *
FR405498A (fr) * 1909-07-19 1909-12-31 Adolphe Rossi Procédé et outillage permettant le tranchage de la pierre dans la masse ou dans des blocs déjà extraits
GB399597A (en) * 1932-06-20 1933-10-12 James Tonge Improvements in hydraulic presses for breaking down coal, rock and other substances in mining or quarrying operations
FR984105A (fr) * 1949-02-10 1951-07-02 Méthode de minage sans explosif
GB743998A (en) * 1953-01-28 1956-01-25 Mini Of Fuel And Power Improvements in or relating to coal mining
GB775342A (en) * 1954-01-20 1957-05-22 Ici Ltd Improved method of blasting
US3507540A (en) * 1968-04-05 1970-04-21 Pan American Petroleum Corp Method and apparatus for cutting large diameter bore holes
US3933205A (en) * 1973-10-09 1976-01-20 Othar Meade Kiel Hydraulic fracturing process using reverse flow
CH590398A5 (de) * 1974-04-25 1977-08-15 Cerac Inst Sa
US4393933A (en) * 1980-06-02 1983-07-19 Standard Oil Company (Indiana) Determination of maximum fracture pressure

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2014001912A (ja) * 2012-06-20 2014-01-09 Kumagai Gumi Co Ltd コンクリート破断方法
CN113048845A (zh) * 2021-02-05 2021-06-29 中国化工程重型机械化有限公司 一种液态co2相变水压爆破筒

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PT79468B (fr) 1986-08-05
DE3469202D1 (en) 1988-03-10
PT79468A (fr) 1984-12-01
DE145540T1 (de) 1985-12-05
ES537474A0 (es) 1986-01-01
NO163642C (no) 1990-06-27
FR2554384B1 (fr) 1987-04-03
FR2554384A1 (fr) 1985-05-10
ES8603773A1 (es) 1986-01-01
NO163642B (no) 1990-03-19
EP0145540A3 (en) 1985-07-10
EP0145540B1 (de) 1988-02-03
ATE32367T1 (de) 1988-02-15
NO844416L (no) 1985-05-08

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