EP0148286B1 - Raccord à brides - Google Patents

Raccord à brides Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0148286B1
EP0148286B1 EP83113251A EP83113251A EP0148286B1 EP 0148286 B1 EP0148286 B1 EP 0148286B1 EP 83113251 A EP83113251 A EP 83113251A EP 83113251 A EP83113251 A EP 83113251A EP 0148286 B1 EP0148286 B1 EP 0148286B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fact
flange
angle
marked
joint according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83113251A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0148286A1 (fr
Inventor
Siegfried Geldner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Geldner Siegfried
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT83113251T priority Critical patent/ATE30949T1/de
Priority to DE8383113251T priority patent/DE3374588D1/de
Priority to EP83113251A priority patent/EP0148286B1/fr
Priority to US06/686,685 priority patent/US4572553A/en
Publication of EP0148286A1 publication Critical patent/EP0148286A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0148286B1 publication Critical patent/EP0148286B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/02—Ducting arrangements
    • F24F13/0209—Ducting arrangements characterised by their connecting means, e.g. flanges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L23/00—Flanged joints
    • F16L23/12—Flanged joints specially adapted for particular pipes
    • F16L23/14—Flanged joints specially adapted for particular pipes for rectangular pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L51/00—Expansion-compensation arrangements for pipe-lines
    • F16L51/02—Expansion-compensation arrangements for pipe-lines making use of a bellows or an expansible folded or corrugated tube
    • F16L51/021—Expansion-compensation arrangements for pipe-lines making use of a bellows or an expansible folded or corrugated tube having a rectangular cross-section

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a flange connection for mutually fastening duct sections which are essentially rectangular in cross section, in particular for high-pressure ventilation systems according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Flange connections of this type are used in particular for assembling and anchoring duct sections for air shafts.
  • the duct sections usually consist of rectangular sheet metal.
  • at least one attenuator which consists of an elastic connection in the manner of a rectangular bellows, is further installed between the flange-mounted duct sections.
  • a generic flange connection has become known, for example, from DE-PS 2 313 425 and comprises, at the ends of the channel sections, frame-like angle profiles to be fastened, each of which has a perpendicular and a parallel flange to the channel side wall.
  • the flanges are also used to anchor a right-angled mounting bracket, which connects two right-angled angle profiles.
  • the angle profiles and the mounting bracket are then placed together on the duct sections, it being possible for an interposed seal to be installed on the flanges which are in parallel and in assembly during assembly, which serves to seal the increased pressure existing in the air duct.
  • the mounting brackets required for connecting the angle profiles have plug legs on two mutually perpendicular sides for pluggable fastening to the flanges of the angle profiles which are perpendicular to one another and to the side walls of the duct sections.
  • a further disadvantage is that the flange connection for an elastic connection in the form of a bellows as a damper element must be designed differently than the flange connection for fastening duct sections made of sheet metal parts, the sealing problems also occurring here when using an elastic bellows.
  • larger systems with duct sections of larger cross-section use profiles with a transverse flange of greater width than smaller systems with a smaller cross-section, where the angle profiles generally have a transverse flange of smaller width. This disadvantageously requires the production of several differently dimensioned angle profiles, which also increases the production costs.
  • the flange connection according to the invention with the completely new designed angular profile enables maximum rigidity and bending stress with minimum material expenditure for the first time in a simple manner. This results essentially from the flanged edges provided on the two outer edges of the angle profiles and the bead introduced from the outside on the longitudinal edge between the transverse and parallel flanges. As a result, maximum bending edges are provided in a confined space, which essentially contribute to the increased load-bearing capacity. If one considers that the angle profiles according to the invention enable material savings of more than 30% compared to the previously known profiles, this clearly shows the significant cost reduction, in particular when using angle profiles made of steel.
  • the increased bending stiffness is further improved in an advantageous embodiment according to claim 2 in that the flanged edge is tubular or semi-tubular, in a further development according to claim 3 it is further provided that the bead is also introduced in a tubular manner symmetrically to the bisector of the angle.
  • This tubular design in cross section allows maximum forces to be absorbed by the angle profiles.
  • the rigidity of the flange connection is also further improved, in particular, by the inventive design of the completely new mounting bracket, which is no longer punched or formed essentially from quasi-two-dimensional flat iron, but has the plug leg not only for the transverse flanges, but also for the parallel flanges.
  • This new mounting bracket as well as the redesigned angle profiles can be used for connecting and supporting Use zen of channel side walls made of sheet metal as well as elastic bellows.
  • a particularly favorable embodiment of the invention according to claim 6 is obtained if an angled receiving recess is provided in the mounting bracket parallel to the plane of the end face of a duct section, into which the end edges of a duct section can be placed in the assembled state.
  • a bead for receiving a sealing lip is provided on each angle profile in the transition area from a flange to the second flange which is angled perpendicularly thereto .
  • Claims 11 and 12 relate to the design of the clamping device for holding and anchoring a stiff duct section, for example made of sheet metal, whereas claims 13 to 15 relate to the design of the clamping device in the event that an elastic bellows is tightly attached to the flange connection according to the invention should.
  • the profile pieces for the bisector of the angle are also formed symmetrically, which results in numerous advantages in the manufacture and installation as a flange connection, the width of the flanges in a further development according to claim 15 being different. If, for example, angular profiles with two different flange widths are required, only one angular profile piece therefore needs to be produced, the two flanges of which are designed with the desired different width.
  • the mounting bracket is made as a molded part, preferably made of plastic, and in a development according to claim 19 that the mounting bracket consists of glass fiber reinforced plastic.
  • Fig. 1 the two front channel side walls 1 of a channel piece 3 are shown in perspective, which is essentially folded from sheet metal.
  • the channel section 3 can also consist of elastomeric material, for example in the form of a bellows. These materials are then installed as a type of damper in a continuous air duct in order not to pass the structure-borne sound waves of an air conditioning system through the air duct formed in this way.
  • the section of the duct shown in section is already placed in FIG. 1 on two corresponding angle profiles, each of which consists of two flanges 7 which are at right angles to one another, namely a parallel flange 7a running parallel to a duct side wall 1 and a transverse flange 7b running perpendicular thereto.
  • a plurality of duct sections are then attached to one another on the end face via the transverse flanges 7b.
  • the flanges 7 are provided on their outer edge 9 each with a flanged edge 11 that points towards one another.
  • an inwardly pointing bead 13 is provided symmetrically to the bisector of the angle, the meaning of which will be discussed later.
  • FIG. 1 would only have to be used between the two angle profiles 5 oriented at right angles to one another.
  • the mounting bracket 15 has a core angle region 17, the underside 19 of which in the installed state in FIG. 1 is aligned with the upward-facing plane of the transverse flanges 7b.
  • each projecting legs 25 protrude, which can be inserted and anchored on the transverse flanges 7b, specifically there on the half space 27 formed by the flange edge 11.
  • the outer edge 29 of the two legs 25 is adapted accordingly to the shape of the flanged edge 11, so that there is a good positive fit.
  • each plug leg 25 is also adapted to the shape of the outer wall of the bead 13, which is introduced between the two flanges 7 and points inward, so that a firm, form-fitting fit of the mounting bracket 15 on the associated angle profile is ensured.
  • Each mounting bracket also has one internal vertical column 33, from which, likewise in plan view in FIG. 2, protrude 25 further plug legs 35 parallel to the two plug legs, which can be inserted into the corresponding parallel flanges 7a and anchored in a form-fitting manner.
  • an angled receiving recess or bead 37 is also introduced in the mounting bracket 15.
  • the mounting bracket 15 in FIG. 1 is placed so far on the front edges of the duct section 3 that these front edges come to rest in the receiving recess 37 shown.
  • the vertical column 33 lies together with the parallel flanges 7a in the interior of the channel section 3, the transverse flanges 7b, the core angle region 17 and the plug legs 25 adjoining the plane thereof projecting beyond the channel side walls 1.
  • an internal circular bead 13a is provided in the mounting bracket 15, which lies in the installed state of the mounting bracket in the immediate extension of the bead 13 on the angle profiles 15 is coming.
  • the mentioned bead 13 and the round bead 13a serve to anchor a circumferential sealing lip 42, as can also be seen in particular in FIGS. 7 to 9.
  • the bead 13 is aligned symmetrically to the bisector of the angle between the two flanges 7a and 7b lying perpendicular to one another, the sealing lip used essentially having two flat sealing surfaces 41 and 43 which are substantially aligned with the adjacent flange surfaces.
  • an associated angle profile 5 is placed on a channel side wall 1 in such a way that the respective channel side wall 1 in parallel alignment to the adjacent flange 7a on the flange outer edge 45 and the bead outer edge 47, which are each the same height with respect to the assigned Have parallel flange 7a, is present.
  • the clamping device comprises a clamping strip 49 made of elastomeric material, which is then clamped on the associated transverse flange 7b over the full width of the channel side wall 1 or else in several separate sections between the flanged edge 11 there and the outer wall 47 of the sikken.
  • the clamping strip 49 can be provided with an elastic pressure nipple 51 which projects obliquely in the rest position. 6, the pressure nipple 51 is shown in its rest position when the wall is not inserted.
  • FIG. 7 to 9 show the anchoring of a duct section 3 which does not consist of foldable sheet metal, but of elastomeric material, for example in the form of an elastic bellows.
  • Such elements are used as dampers.
  • the clamping device here in FIG. 7 consists of a preferably elastic holding wedge 53 which is clamped in the corresponding half space 27 formed by the flanged edge 11 and the opposite bead 13.
  • the elastic wall 55 of the bellows is held around the outer wall 47 of the sikken, into the half-space 27 and in abutment on the rear side against the parallel flange 7a.
  • FIG. 8 shows a modified clamping wedge 57 with a finger 59 encompassing the outer edge 45 of the flange. This makes it possible for the elastic wall 55 to be aligned in alignment with the parallel flange 7a.
  • Fig. 9 shows a further modification in which the flanged edge still has a counter-processing.
  • the elastic wall 55 is fastened here by means of a holding clip 61 which surrounds this flanged edge in the manner of a snap closure.
  • the angle profiles and the mounting angle shown can be used to fasten rigid channel side walls 1 as well as suitably designed elastic walls.
  • the mounting bracket in the latter case does not need to have a corresponding receiving recess for the stationary receiving of the front edges of the channel sections 3.
  • the same configuration is preferred for both variants for simplification.
  • the angle profiles 5 are essentially symmetrical to the bisector. This achieves advantages in terms of production technology and, due to the relatively simple design, also material savings.
  • the parallel transverse flanges 7a and 7b can also be designed in different widths with an otherwise mirror-image flanged edge 11, the advantage is realized that simply by exchanging the parallel flange with the transverse flange, two different flange widths are available for attachment to an adjacent duct section. This leads to an additional, with an optimal sealing effect, to an enlarged area of application of the flange connection described.
  • the angle profiles 5 already end in front of the longitudinal edge of a channel side wall, as can be seen in particular from FIG. 1.
  • the increased bending stiffness compared to the prior art due to the two bending edges through the two flanged edges and in particular also due to the three bending edges through the bead introduced from the outside on each angle profile is essentially already made possible even if the angle profiles with a the plane, quasi two-dimensional mounting brackets known from the prior art are connected to one another. It is also conceivable that the angle profiles are assembled like a frame using miter cuts. Through the mounting bracket 15 with its three-dimensional Design, however, the rigidity of the flange connection is increased still further, which also allows an optimal sealing effect to be achieved.
  • angle profiles and the mounting bracket can also be used to support individual side walls in a frame-like manner or to hold an elastic wall stretched between them.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Duct Arrangements (AREA)
  • Flanged Joints, Insulating Joints, And Other Joints (AREA)

Claims (19)

1. Joint à brides pour la fixation réciproque des pièces de conduite (3) ayant une section transversale essentiellement rectangulaire, particulièrement pour les installations d'haute pression d'air, composé de profilés en angle (5) qui peuvent être fixé aux bouts des pièces de conduite (3) dans une manière d'encadrement, avec des brides parallèles, respectivement transversales (7a; 7b) s'étirant parallèlement et verticale à la paroi latérale (1) respective, pour l'encrage des cornières de montage qui peuvent être fixé aux brides (7a; 7b) et pour ajouter les bouts des pièces de conduite (3) la cornière de montage ( 15) y présentant des ailes d'assemblage (25) à deux côtés perpendiculaires pour la fixation d'assemblage à la bride (7a; 7b) etant d'aplomb, caractérisé par le fait que les brides parallèles (7a) et les brides transversales (7b) présentent un collet rabattu (11) respectivement montrant l'un vers l'autre à leurs bords extérieures (9) et qu'en outre en chaque profilé en angle (5) une moulure (13) est prévue, introduit par la face externe de la cornière, dans la zone transitoire entre la bride parallèle (7a) et la bride transversale (7b), la fixation des pièces de conduite (3) étant effectué par un dispositif de serrage (49; 53; 61 ) s'étayant respectivement au collet rabattu (11).
2. Joint à brides selon revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le collet rabattu (11) est modelé en forme tubulaire ou semi-tubulaire.
3. Joint à brides selon revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que la moulure (13) est modelé en forme tubulaire et en symmétrie avec la bissectrice entre la bride parallèle (7a) et la bride transversale (7b).
4. Joint à brides selon revendications 1, 2 ou 3, les ailes d'assemblage (25) de la cornière de montage (15) étant enfonçé à deux transversales (7b) avoisinantes et perpendiculaires l'un sur l'autre, caractérisé par le fait que la cornière de montage (15) en outre montre une colonne verticale (33) perpendiculaire aux ailes d'assemblage (25) entre les fronts des profilés en angle (5) attribués, de laquelle respectivement partent deux autres ailes d'assemblage (35) etant perpendiculaire l'un sur l'autre qui peuvent être enfonçé dans la bride parallèle respective (7a) des profilés en angle (5) attribués.
5. Joint à brides selon une des revendications 1 à 4, les profilés en angle (5) étant ajoutés au front des pièces de conduite (3) dans une manière que les brides parallèles (7a) des profilés en angle (5) sont placés à l'intérieur des pièces de conduite (3), caractérisé par le fait que la colonne verticale (33) de la cornière de montage (15) integré est aussi placé à l'intérieur dans la pièce de conduite (3).
6. Joint à brides selon une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé par le fait que la cornière de montage (15) montre un renfoncement de réception (37) contournant le pied de la colonne verticale (33) pour l'appui du bord d'angle de face d'une pièce de conduite (3).
7. Joint à brides selon une des revendications 1 à 6 avec un joint étanche pour rendre étanche les deux brides transversales (7b) avoisinant dans le cas d'étanchéité, caractérisé par le fait qu'un joint à lèvre (49) est enfonçé à chaque profilé en angle (5) à la moulure (13) y introduite.
8. Joint à brides selon une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé par le fait qu'une moulure circulaire (13a) est aussi introduite à la cornière de montage (15) raccordant immédiatement une moulure (13) d'un profilé en angle (5) respectivement à une moulure (13) avoisinante du profilé en angle (5) prochain, et qu'un joint à lèvre (49) contournant est ajouté dans la moulure (13) et la moulure circulaire (13a).
9. Joint à brides selon une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé par le fait que le joint à lèvre (49) essentiellement montre deux surfaces étanches étant en alignement avec les surfaces extérieures des brides parallèles (7a) et les brides transversales (7b).
10. Joint à brides selon une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé par le fait que les mesures extérieures de la moulure (13) et du collet rabattu (11) sont les mêmes en rapport avec une bride (7a, 7b) commune.
11. Joint à brides selon une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé par le fait que le dispositif de serrage contient un listel de serrage (49) ou des sections de listel de serrage pour l'encrage d'une pièce de conduite (3) rigide, qui s'appuie sur le collet rabattu (11) de la bride transversale (7b) attribuée et qui met sous précontrainte la paroi latérale de pièce de conduite (1) respective à la paroi extérieure de la moulure (47) et le collet rabattu extérieure (45) de la bride parallèle (7a).
12. Joint à brides selon une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé par le fait que le listel de serrage (49) ou les sections de listel de serrage contiennent un raccord fileté (51) élastique à pression sous précontrainte en direction à la paroi latérale de conduite (1) attribuée.
13. Joint à brides selon une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé par le fait que le dispositif de serrage pour la fixation d'une section de pièce de conduite (3) de matériel élastomère consiste d'une clavette d'arret (53) s'appuyant sur la moulure (13) et le collet rabattu (11) attribué et pressant la tissue élastique de la section de pièce de conduite (3) dans l'espace semi-infini du collet rabattu (11).
14. Joint à brides selon une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé par le fait que le dispositif de serrage est developpé en forme d'une agrafe de retenue (61) qui peut être ajouté sur le collet rabattu (11) en forme d'un couvercle de houssette contournant le collet rabattu (11) et qui au-dessous retient la paroi latérale de conduite (1) de tissue élastique agrafé.
15. Joint à brides selon revendication 13 ou 14, caractérisé par le fait que le dispositif de serrage (53) montre un doigt (59) contournant le collet rabattu (11) qui retient la paroi latérale de conduite (1) élastique en alignement avec la bride parallèle (7a).
16. Joint à brides selon une des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisé par le fait que les profilés en angle (5) y compris la moulure (13) y introduite sont developpés en symmétrie avec la bissectrice.
17. Joint à brides selon revendication 17, caractérisé par le fait que la largueur de bride des profilés en angle (5) sont developpés différemment avec une symmétrie angulaire existant.
18. Joint à brides selon une des revendications 1 à 17, caractérisé par le fait que la cornière de montage (15) est fabriqué comme pièce de moulage de préférence de matière plastique.
19. Joint à brides selon une des revendications 1 à 18, caractérisé par le fait que la cornière de montage (15) consiste de matière plastique renforcé de fibres de verre.
EP83113251A 1983-12-30 1983-12-30 Raccord à brides Expired EP0148286B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83113251T ATE30949T1 (de) 1983-12-30 1983-12-30 Flanschverbindung.
DE8383113251T DE3374588D1 (en) 1983-12-30 1983-12-30 Flanged joint
EP83113251A EP0148286B1 (fr) 1983-12-30 1983-12-30 Raccord à brides
US06/686,685 US4572553A (en) 1983-12-30 1984-12-27 Flange connector

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP83113251A EP0148286B1 (fr) 1983-12-30 1983-12-30 Raccord à brides

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0148286A1 EP0148286A1 (fr) 1985-07-17
EP0148286B1 true EP0148286B1 (fr) 1987-11-19

Family

ID=8190916

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83113251A Expired EP0148286B1 (fr) 1983-12-30 1983-12-30 Raccord à brides

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4572553A (fr)
EP (1) EP0148286B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE30949T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3374588D1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4140870A1 (de) * 1991-12-11 1993-06-24 Siegfried Geldner Kanalverbindungsstueck

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EP0282608A1 (fr) * 1987-03-16 1988-09-21 Siegfried Geldner Raccordement à brides
AT389931B (de) * 1988-05-18 1990-02-26 Spiro Maschinen Ag Flanschverbindung
US5281456A (en) * 1991-10-15 1994-01-25 Carol M. Botsolas Corner edge roll
US5564758A (en) * 1995-01-17 1996-10-15 Century Manufacturing Co., Inc. Angled plates for connecting ducts
US6047466A (en) 1997-02-14 2000-04-11 Engel Industries, Inc. Apparatus and method for inserting angle plates in channel shaped flanges of a duct
US6081985A (en) * 1998-08-25 2000-07-04 Engel Industries, Inc. Method of inserting corner members in channel-shaped flanges of a duct
CN1126893C (zh) 1999-03-23 2003-11-05 西格弗里德·格尔德纳 用于一补偿器的气囊及所属的补偿器和制造一气囊的方法
US6460573B1 (en) 2000-01-31 2002-10-08 Engel Industries Companion duct system
US6471256B1 (en) 2000-01-31 2002-10-29 Engel Industries, Inc. Companion duct flanges
US7195290B2 (en) * 2003-11-13 2007-03-27 William Christopher Duffy Apparatus for a fire-rated duct
KR101035848B1 (ko) * 2004-11-24 2011-05-19 삼성전자주식회사 백라이트 어셈블리 및 이를 갖는 액정표시장치
DE102005020004A1 (de) * 2005-04-27 2006-11-16 Smitka, Günter Verfahren zum Herstellen von Eckwinkeln für Klimatisierungskanäle
US8172280B2 (en) * 2008-05-16 2012-05-08 Fischer Herbert J Sheet metal corner for duct flanges
US9074788B2 (en) 2012-01-06 2015-07-07 William Christopher Duffy Fire-rated modular duct assembly suitable for exhausting flammable or hazardous gases, vapours and other materials
US10024569B2 (en) 2013-10-10 2018-07-17 William Christopher Duffy Fire-rated modular duct assembly and improvements therein
CA169755S (en) * 2016-08-04 2017-02-28 London Eco Metal Mfg Inc Snow guard
US11768009B2 (en) 2019-12-05 2023-09-26 AR Developing, LLC HVAC duct connection system and flange
JP2023151266A (ja) * 2022-03-31 2023-10-16 株式会社ジャパンエンジンコーポレーション フランジ

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4140870A1 (de) * 1991-12-11 1993-06-24 Siegfried Geldner Kanalverbindungsstueck

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE30949T1 (de) 1987-12-15
EP0148286A1 (fr) 1985-07-17
DE3374588D1 (en) 1987-12-23
US4572553A (en) 1986-02-25

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