EP0154176B1 - Four de fusion - Google Patents

Four de fusion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0154176B1
EP0154176B1 EP85101160A EP85101160A EP0154176B1 EP 0154176 B1 EP0154176 B1 EP 0154176B1 EP 85101160 A EP85101160 A EP 85101160A EP 85101160 A EP85101160 A EP 85101160A EP 0154176 B1 EP0154176 B1 EP 0154176B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vessel
opening
burner
furnace
smelt furnace
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85101160A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0154176A2 (fr
EP0154176A3 (en
Inventor
Rudolf Sen. Helbling
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Christian Helbling & Co KG GmbH
Original Assignee
Christian Helbling & Co KG GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Christian Helbling & Co KG GmbH filed Critical Christian Helbling & Co KG GmbH
Priority to AT85101160T priority Critical patent/ATE38717T1/de
Publication of EP0154176A2 publication Critical patent/EP0154176A2/fr
Publication of EP0154176A3 publication Critical patent/EP0154176A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0154176B1 publication Critical patent/EP0154176B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/02—Crucible or pot furnaces with tilting or rocking arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D2003/0085—Movement of the container or support of the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities
    • F27D2003/0087—Rotation about a vertical axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
    • F27D99/0033—Heating elements or systems using burners
    • F27D2099/004—Heating elements or systems using burners directed upon the charge, e.g. vertically

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a melting furnace with a crucible-like, pivotable container with an upper container opening for receiving and removing the melting material and with a heater for melting the melting material.
  • a crucible serving as a container is often positioned vertically within a heating device during the melting process, which can be designed inductively, that is to say on the basis of electric current or on the basis of a burner, on the jacket of the furnace.
  • the heat should reach the melting material evenly from below through the crucible wall. This results in high local heat loads and long melting times, since there is always an obstacle between the heat source and the melting material, which partly radiates and dissipates the heat.
  • Rotating melting furnaces with inductive heating which are arranged at an angle, are also known and require a high energy requirement.
  • the electrical heating integrated in the container is complex.
  • Rotary drum furnaces are also known as melting furnaces, in which the flame of a burner is directed at one end into the interior of the furnace. This also heats the furnace wall, which rotates under the melting material. The flue gases and thus an undesirable amount of heat are discharged unused at the opposite outlet opening. In addition, a very large surface must be heated, which in turn entails increased energy consumption.
  • Such a rotary drum furnace is also not suitable for being used directly as a casting vessel, as is made possible by the melting furnaces described at the outset with a vertical crucible.
  • an inclined swiveling furnace which has an opening which is narrow with respect to the furnace cross section and through which an oxygen lance protrudes into the furnace interior in order to be able to burn out carbon present in a melt.
  • the resulting smoke gases are also drawn off at this opening.
  • This furnace would be unfavorable as a melting furnace simply because the relatively narrow opening would make it difficult to fill in the parts to be melted.
  • this open opening would result in an unfavorable heat loss during melting.
  • a further reduction in the melting time can be achieved by providing an oil and / or gas burner as the burner, which can be operated with air enriched with oxygen or with pure oxygen.
  • a burner allows higher flame temperatures and thus a larger temperature difference during melting.
  • such a burner can be kept smaller in its outer dimensions.
  • unnecessary amounts of gas namely the nitrogen not involved in combustion, are passed through the furnace and dissipate unnecessary heat.
  • the burner and the flame and flue gases generated by it are designed and arranged such that there is an overpressure in the container during operation. This prevents secondary air from entering.
  • the container can be designed as a casting vessel and be detached from its storage and have a hanger with a gear for attacking a crane and a tilting movement.
  • the invention thus allows the advantages of the already known crucible furnaces to be linked, in which, however, electrical or heating must be carried out from the outside, with the advantages of direct heating of the melting material and the inside of the furnace walls by means of a burner.
  • the lid arranged in front of the container opening can be lifted off the opening, in particular by means of a working cylinder, and can be swiveled or laterally displaced. This facilitates access to the melting furnace container, which is advantageous both when filling and when removing the melting material or the entire container for casting the melting material.
  • the burner can be arranged eccentrically in relation to the opening of the inclined container, in particular closer to the lower container edge. It can thus be directed primarily into the area of the melting stock, while the hot gases emanating from it rise in the interior of the inclined container automatically into the upper area.
  • the burner can be adjustable, in particular pivotably, in its angular position relative to the opening of the container and / or in its distance. As a result, the burner can be easily adapted to different filling quantities or filling goods inside the container.
  • a coupling and, coaxially with it, its rotary drive can be arranged in the bottom region of the container.
  • the inclined container can be mounted with its drive in a pivotable frame and can be pivoted with it, in particular up and down, about a horizontal axis.
  • the latter measure in particular allows the inclination of the container to be adapted to different quantities of filling material. If there is relatively little filling material in the container, it will assume a large inclination with respect to a vertical line, so that the melting material still reaches close to the edge and the burner during the rotation of the container. With a larger filling quantity, the container is set correspondingly steeper.
  • the horizontal pivot axis can be arranged outside and below the container approximately in the area below the rotary drive.
  • the opening portion of the container is good ENTRANCE - Lich so that the Purification can be easily accomplished with a correspondingly obliquely upright vessel.
  • the burner can be mounted in the cover by means of a ball joint, so that it can be adjusted in a simple manner.
  • the container can have a polygonal, e.g. B. have octagonal cross-section to improve the mixing of the melt when rotating the container. This is particularly expedient and advantageous if alloys are to be produced in the container.
  • a melting furnace the container of which can be used in a simple manner as a casting vessel, in which rapid and intensive heating with good heat transfer into the melting material is possible without an expensive and Container construction is required to make expensive electrical heating.
  • the heat generated by a burner can be exploited well since it can only leave the container when it has applied to the melt and the container walls.
  • the rotation of the container also improves the homogeneity of the melting material.
  • the exhaust gases can easily be collected and passed through heat exchangers to utilize their residual heat.
  • a melting furnace designated as a whole has a crucible-like swiveling container 2 with an upper container opening 3 for receiving and removing the melting material 4. Furthermore, a heater for melting the melting material to be described is provided.
  • the container 2 is arranged obliquely with its central axis. It is driven in rotation about this inclined axis with the aid of a motor 5 (FIG. 1) or a drive roller 6 (FIG. 3) acting on its outside.
  • An oil and / or gas burner is expediently provided as the burner 7, which is operated with air enriched with oxygen or with pure oxygen. This results in better combustion and heat utilization without unnecessary nitrogen being heated up and removed again in the flue gas with a corresponding amount of heat.
  • a lid 9 Before the opening of the container 2, a lid 9 can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, which is arranged at a distance from the container opening 3 and has or forms a circumferential channel 10 between it and the container opening 3 for collecting and discharging the flue gases.
  • This circumferential channel 10 merges into a pipeline 11 according to FIG. 1, with which the flue gases can be led to a heat exchanger and / or a dust cutter.
  • Fig. 1 it can be seen that the container 2 is simultaneously designed as a casting vessel and can be removed from its storage. He has a hanger 12 with gear 13 for attacking a crane and for performing a tilting movement when hanging on the crane.
  • the large handwheel 14 can be seen, with which the container 2 can be tilted or swiveled for casting when hanging on a crane.
  • the lid 9 arranged in front of the container opening 3 can be hydraulically or pneumatically lifted and swiveled from the opening 3, in particular by means of a working cylinder 15. This creates enough space to load or empty the container 2 or to remove it altogether.
  • a working cylinder 15 This creates enough space to load or empty the container 2 or to remove it altogether.
  • the cover can then also be pivoted about this guide rod or axis 16 in the displaced position.
  • Fig. 2 it is shown that the burner 7 opposite the opening 3 of the inclined container ters 2 is arranged eccentrically closer to the lower container edge. This results in the dashed-line direct exposure of the melting material 4 to the burner flame, which leads to a short melting time.
  • the flue gases rising from the surface of the melting material 4 and the heat radiation emanating therefrom simultaneously heat the area of the container walls located above the melt 4, which repeatedly reach the area of the melt due to the rotation of the container.
  • the burner 7 in its angular position relative to the opening 3 of the container 2 and possibly also in its distance from it can be adjusted, in particular pivoted.
  • the burner 7 can be mounted in the cover 9 by means of a ball joint.
  • This enables adaptation to different melt material and different amounts of melt material 4 inside the container 2, as well as different inclined positions of the container 2.
  • the inclined container 2 can namely be pivoted with its drive 5 or 6 in a pivotable frame 18 together with it about a horizontal axis 19. Swiveling up or down is possible with the aid of a working cylinder 20.
  • the inclination of the container 2 can thus be varied in a simple manner depending on the amount of the filling material.
  • the container 2 If, for example, there is little filling material 4 in the container 2, it can be set even flatter, while a steeper arrangement can be selected for a larger quantity of melting material. In any case, this can ensure that the surface of the melting material comes as close as possible to the lower edge of the container, so that a large surface is exposed to the heat of the burner. In addition, the removal of slag from the container can be simplified.
  • the horizontal pivot axis 19 is located outside and also below the container 2 approximately in the area below the drive motor 5. Thus, the latter and its connecting lines are moved relatively little during a pivoting movement. In addition, a good adaptation of the pivoting movement to the flue gas discharge line 11 can thus be carried out. However, other arrangements of the pivot axis 19 are also possible.
  • a coupling 21 and coaxially to the rotary drive motor 5 are arranged in the bottom region of the container 2.
  • Fig. 3 an arrangement is provided in which the container 2 rests with its bottom region on an axial bearing 22, while its rotational movement is generated by a driven roller 6 on its circumference.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 1 also provides a circumferential roller 23 in this case, however, only as a support.
  • a polygonal, z. B. can have octagonal cross-section at least in its interior. The inner corners formed in this way promote the mixing of the melt during the rotation provided during the melting process.
  • the overall result is a compact design of a melting furnace, which can also be used economically for smaller quantities of melting material and which allows high heat utilization with a short melting time.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)

Claims (13)

1. Four de fusion (1) comprenant un récipient pivotant (2) du type creuset, percé d'une ouverture supérieure (3) pour la réception et le prélèvement de la charge de fusion (4), ainsi qu'un dispositif de chauffage pour fondre cette charge (4), ledit récipient (2) étant disposé à l'oblique selon son axe médian et pouvant tourner autour de cet axe incliné, four dans lequel il est prévu, devant l'ouverture (3) du récipient (2), un couvercle fixe (9) ou une plaque qui comporte, entre elle-même et l'ouverture (3) du récipient, un canal périphérique (10) destiné à recueillir et à évacuer les gaz de fumée, et un brûleur (7), faisant fonction de dispositif de chauffage, est dirigé dans l'ouverture (3) du récipient à travers le couvercle (9) ou la plaque.
2. Four de fusion selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait qu'il est prévu, en tant que brûleur (7), un brûleur à huile et/ou à gaz qui est exploité avec de l'air enrichi en oxygène, ou avec de l'oxygène pur.
3. Four de fusion selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que le brûleur (7), ainsi que les gaz de flamme et de fumée qu'il engendre, sont conçus et agencés de façon qu'une surpression puisse être engendrée, en service, dans le récipient (2).
4. Four de fusion selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait que le récipient (2) est réalisé sous la forme d'une poche de coulée, peut être soulevé à l'écart de son système de montage, et présente un dispositif de suspension (12) équipé d'une transmission (13), pour la venue en prise d'une grue et l'accomplissement d'un mouvement basculant.
5. Four de fusion selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait que le couvercle (9) implanté devant l'ouverture (3) du récipient peut être dégagé de cette ouverture, par soulèvement et par pivotement ou par coulissement latéral, en particulier au moyen d'un vérin (15).
6. Four de fusion selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé par le fait que le brûleur (7) est excentré par rapport à l'ouverture (3) du récipient incliné (2), et est notamment plus rapproché du bord surbaissé de ce récipient.
7. Four de fusion selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé par le fait que le brûleur (7) est suspendu avec faculté de réglage, en particulier par pivotement, de sa position angulaire par rapport à l'ouverture (3) du récipient (2) et/ou de sa distance.
8. Four de fusion selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait qu'un accouplement et, coaxialement à ce dernier, son entraînement en rotation, sont installés dans la région du fond du récipient.
9. Four de fusion selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé par le fait que le récipient incliné (2) et son entraînement (5, 6) sont montés dans un châssis pivotant avec lequel, autour d'un axe horizontal, ils peuvent effectuer des pivotements, en particulier des pivotements vers le haut et vers le bas.
10. Four de fusion selon la revendication 9, caractérisé par le fait que l'axe horizontal de pivotement (19) est disposé, à l'extérieur et au-dessous du récipient (2), sensiblement dans la région sous-jacente à l'entraînement (5) en rotation.
11. Four de fusion selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé par le fait que le brûleur (7) est monté dans le couvercle (9) au moyen d'une articulation à rotule.
12. Four de fusion selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé par le fait que le récipient possède une section polygonale, de préférence octogonale.
13. Four de fusion selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé par le fait que le couvercle (9) présente un élément de retenue (17), monté à coulissement et à rotation sur une tige de guidage (16).
EP85101160A 1984-02-09 1985-02-05 Four de fusion Expired EP0154176B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85101160T ATE38717T1 (de) 1984-02-09 1985-02-05 Schmelzofen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3404548 1984-02-09
DE3404548A DE3404548C1 (de) 1984-02-09 1984-02-09 Schmelzofen

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0154176A2 EP0154176A2 (fr) 1985-09-11
EP0154176A3 EP0154176A3 (en) 1986-05-14
EP0154176B1 true EP0154176B1 (fr) 1988-11-17

Family

ID=6227206

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85101160A Expired EP0154176B1 (fr) 1984-02-09 1985-02-05 Four de fusion

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0154176B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE38717T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3404548C1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109945651A (zh) * 2019-05-06 2019-06-28 佛山市南海区辉泰科技机械有限公司 一种智能型熔炼炉

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1304611A (fr) * 1961-10-27 1962-09-21 Stora Kopparbergs Bergslags Ab Perfectionnements apportés aux fours de fusion notamment aux fours rotatifs
FR2377595A1 (fr) * 1977-01-13 1978-08-11 Sertec Sa Dispositif de chauffage d'enceintes garnies de refractaires et installation pour sa mise en oeuvre
DE7922196U1 (de) * 1979-08-03 1979-11-08 Vacmetal Gesellschaft Fuer Vakuum- Metallurgie Mbh, 4600 Dortmund Vorrichtung zum aufheizen einer giesspfanne

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109945651A (zh) * 2019-05-06 2019-06-28 佛山市南海区辉泰科技机械有限公司 一种智能型熔炼炉

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE38717T1 (de) 1988-12-15
EP0154176A2 (fr) 1985-09-11
DE3566297D1 (en) 1988-12-22
DE3404548C1 (de) 1984-11-15
EP0154176A3 (en) 1986-05-14

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