Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
  • C10L1/1985—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/23—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites
  • C10L1/231—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites nitro compounds; nitrates; nitrites
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
  • F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
  • F02B2275/14—Direct injection into combustion chamber

Definitions

• the invention relates to ignition improvers for alcoholic fuels and alcoholic fuel mixtures which can be used for the operation of diesel engines.
• Methanol and ethanol cannot be used in place of the mineral hydrocarbons in conventional diesel engines because the cetane number of ethanol and methanol is only 8 and 3, respectively.
• diesel engines require a fuel with a cetane number of at least 45 (DIN 51 601; Winnacker-Küchler, Chemische Technologie, Band 3 / I, 326 (1971)).
• Ignition improvers are therefore required to increase the cetane number.
• alkyl and cycloalkyl nitrates are known (DE-OS 2 701 588, DE-OS 20 39 609, Mineralogietechnik 80, 25 (4), 1 to 12), but their production is based on is agile and which can hydrolyze in the presence of water. This creates nitric acid, which destroys the motors through corrosion.
• Nitric acid salts of primary, secondary and tertiary amines such as mono-, di- and triethylammonium nitrate, are also known as ignition improvers for methanol and ethanol (DE-OS 29 09 565), but they also have corrosive properties.
• ignition improvers for alcoholic fuels which contain nitric acid esters of mono- and / or polysaccharides, e.g. Nitrocellulose included.
• nitric acid esters of mono- and / or polysaccharides e.g. Nitrocellulose included.
• films of nitrocellulose form on the walls, which can lead to solid, constipating residues. This disadvantage cannot be solved satisfactorily by adding further solvents.
• Ignition improvers for alcoholic fuels for internal combustion engines have been found which contain nitrocellulose with a nitrogen content of 9 to 14% and polyether with at least three ethylene oxide units.
• the ignition improvers according to the invention do not leave any residues which lead to blockages. They are completely compatible with petroleum-based fuels.
• Nitrocellulose with a nitrogen content of 9 to 14%, preferably 10 to 13%, can be used for the ignition improvers according to the invention.
• Nitrocelluloses which increase the viscosity of the alcoholic fuel as little as possible are particularly preferred. Therefore, according to the invention, nitrocelluloses with an intrinsic viscosity k of less than 1000, preferably from 800 to 200, are used particularly advantageously.
• the intrinsic viscosity of nitrocellulose can be determined in a manner known per se (Fikentscher, Cellulosechemie 13, 58 (1932)).
• nitrocellulose for the ignition improvers is known per se (K. Fabel, nitrocellulose production and properties, Enke Verlag, Stuttgart (1950)). It can be produced, for example, by mixing it with nitric acid or its anhydride in a homogeneous and / or heterogeneous phase Presence of water-drawing agents such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, phosphorus pentoxide or acetic anhydride is implemented. The degree of nitration can be controlled as desired by the amount and concentration of the nitric acid or the dehydrating additives.
• Polyethers having at least three ethylene oxide units, preferably 4 to 100 ethylene oxide units, are used for the ignition improvers according to the invention. According to the invention, preference is given to polyethers which are prepared in a manner known per se by reacting compounds which have at least one OH and / or NH group with ethylene oxide. It is of course possible and possibly also technically expedient to use polyethers with different degrees of ethoxylation and different OH and NH compounds.
• the polyethers can also contain alkylene oxide units, preferably 0.1 to 0.5 propylene oxide units, based on an ethylene oxide unit.
• Alkyl here generally represents a straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
• the following alkyl radicals may be mentioned, for example: methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, isopentyl, hexyl and isohexyl.
• the compounds having at least one OH or NH group are substituted by further hydroxyamino groups, compounds having 1 to 5, preferably 1 or 2, hydroxyl and / or amino groups are preferred.
• Examples of compounds with an OH and / or NH group are water, mono- and polyols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, amyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, Propylene glycol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, and nitrogen-containing compounds such as ammonia, ethanolamine, triethanolamine and dimethylethanolamine. Mixtures of these compounds can also be used as starter molecules for the addition of ethylene oxide. Water and lower mono- and polyols are particularly preferred as starters.
• the concentrates generally contain 15 to 60 parts by weight of nitrocellulose and 20 to 70 parts by weight of polyether.
• the ignition improvers according to the invention preferably contain 20 to 50 parts by weight of nitrocellulose and 30 to 60 parts by weight of polyether.
• the ignition improvers according to the invention can of course also contain other additives known per se.
• other, known ignition improvers as well as the addition of components that are suitable for diesel engine combustion, such as.
• the addition of detergents and starting aids is also possible.
• the fuels containing the ignition improvers according to the invention can be obtained directly from the individual components, i.e. H. Nitrocellulose, polyether and alcohol can be produced. However, it is preferred to prepare a concentrate consisting of these components, which is then to be diluted with alcohol to such an extent that the concentration of the ignition improver according to the invention ensures that an engine runs properly.
• the ignition improvers according to the invention can be used as an additive to alcoholic fuels.
• the present invention also relates to fuel mixtures which contain alcohol and an ignition improver which contains nitrocellulose with a nitrogen content of 9 to 14% and a polyether with at least three ethylene oxide units.
• the fuel mixtures according to the invention are suitable for the operation of diesel engines, in particular vehicle diesel engines and those which place similar demands on the fuel.
• alcohol is a lower aliphatic alcohol with 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Methanol and / or ethanol is particularly preferred here.
• the alcohols can optionally contain up to 10% by weight of water.
• ethanol can be used, which is obtained by fermentation and is produced as an azeotrope with 4.5% water.
• concentration of the nitrocellulose in the fuel mixtures according to the invention depends on the cetane number to be achieved. Concentrations of 2 to 12% by weight, preferably 4 to 8% by weight, are preferred for trouble-free operation in a conventional diesel engine.
• the concentration of the polyether in the fuel mixtures according to the invention depends on the concentration of the nitrocellulose, its k value and the desired consistency of the residue after volatilization of alcohol.
• the ratio of nitrocellulose to polyether should be from 1: 0.2 to 1: 2.0. It is preferably 1: 0.5 to 1: 1.5, particularly preferably 1: 0.8 to 1: 1.2.
• polyethers with at least three ethylene oxide units are particularly advantageous since these products also serve as desensitizing agents for the nitrocellulose.
• the nitrocellulose can be mixed with the polyethers immediately after production, and it is therefore excluded that deflagrations or explosions occur during the transport of the nitrocellulose to be used as an ignition improver or after the alcohol component has evaporated.
• Another advantageous aspect of the use of ethylene oxide polyethers is their lubricating effect, which is particularly important since, in contrast to conventional diesel oil, lower alcohols have no self-lubricating effect.
• ethylene oxide polyethers with at least three ethylene oxide units can advantageously be used in ignition improvers, since lower homologs of this class of compounds, such as ethylene glycol or diethylene glycol, which are likewise not volatile at room temperature, are not suitable if they are used comparably.
• the propylene oxide polyethers which are structurally closely related to the ethylene oxide polyethers, do not suppress the film formation tendency when used in terms of weight, even if they have three or more propylene oxide units.
• the plasticizers used for the nitrocelluloses in the paint sector such as phthalic acid esters of butanol and 2-ethylhexanol, also show poor effectiveness.
• Example 1 The fuel mixture described in Example 1 is used in a diesel engine with direct injection, with 1.4 times the amount being injected in accordance with the lower calorific value of the mixture compared to conventional diesel fuel.
• the diesel engine runs well with an ignition delay identical to that of conventional diesel fuel. The engine will still run if the concentration of nitrocellulose is reduced to 6%.
• Example 2 The fuel mixture described in Example 2 is used in a prechamber diesel engine, double the amount of fuel being injected in accordance with the lower calorific value of the mixture.
• the diesel engine runs well with an ignition delay identical to that of conventional diesel fuel. The engine will still run if the concentration of nitrocellulose is reduced to 5%.
• a fuel mixture consisting of 6 parts of a nitrocellulose with a k value of 460, 6 parts of a homologue mixture of an ethylene oxide polyether started on water with an average of 8 ethylene oxide units and 88 parts of methanol are used in a direct-injection diesel engine, with twice the amount corresponding to the lower calorific value of the mixture Fuel compared to petroleum-based diesel fuel is used. Good runnability is obtained in all speed ranges, the ignition delay of the mixture according to the invention being identical to that of a conventional diesel fuel with a cetane number of 51.
• Equal parts of the fuel mixture described in Example 1 and of conventional diesel fuel are converted into an emulsion under the action of shear forces.
• the emulsion separates within 1 hour with the formation of the initial phases. Cloudiness or precipitation are not observed.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
• Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
• Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (3)

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ID=6232250

Family Applications (1)

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• 1984
  • 1984-03-31 DE DE19843412078 patent/DE3412078A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1985
  • 1985-03-13 AU AU39806/85A patent/AU567397B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1985-03-15 NO NO851034A patent/NO851034L/no unknown
  • 1985-03-18 DE DE8585103095T patent/DE3560951D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1985-03-18 EP EP85103095A patent/EP0157268B1/fr not_active Expired
  • 1985-03-18 AT AT85103095T patent/ATE30737T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1985-03-25 US US06/715,566 patent/US4659335A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1985-03-28 JP JP60062207A patent/JPS60219296A/ja active Pending
  • 1985-03-28 NZ NZ211618A patent/NZ211618A/en unknown
  • 1985-03-29 ZA ZA852392A patent/ZA852392B/xx unknown
  • 1985-03-29 DK DK144785A patent/DK144785A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1985-03-29 BR BR8501449A patent/BR8501449A/pt unknown

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