EP0167552B1 - Appareil mobile pour l'enfoncement dans le sol, par percussion, d'objects divers - Google Patents

Appareil mobile pour l'enfoncement dans le sol, par percussion, d'objects divers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0167552B1
EP0167552B1 EP85900138A EP85900138A EP0167552B1 EP 0167552 B1 EP0167552 B1 EP 0167552B1 EP 85900138 A EP85900138 A EP 85900138A EP 85900138 A EP85900138 A EP 85900138A EP 0167552 B1 EP0167552 B1 EP 0167552B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mass
cable
pulley
parts
arm
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85900138A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0167552A1 (fr
Inventor
Paul Moraly
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT85900138T priority Critical patent/ATE32361T1/de
Publication of EP0167552A1 publication Critical patent/EP0167552A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0167552B1 publication Critical patent/EP0167552B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H17/00—Fencing, e.g. fences, enclosures, corrals
    • E04H17/26—Devices for erecting or removing fences
    • E04H17/261—Devices for erecting or removing fences for post and wire handling
    • E04H17/263—Devices for erecting or removing fences for post and wire handling for erecting posts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D13/00—Accessories for placing or removing piles or bulkheads, e.g. noise attenuating chambers
    • E02D13/04—Guide devices; Guide frames
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E02D7/02—Placing by driving
    • E02D7/06—Power-driven drivers
    • E02D7/08—Drop drivers with free-falling hammer
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/22—Sockets or holders for poles or posts
    • E04H12/2207—Sockets or holders for poles or posts not used
    • E04H12/2215—Sockets or holders for poles or posts not used driven into the ground

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a mobile device for driving into the ground, by percussion, of various objects and, in particular, of dowels intended for fixing posts or stakes.
  • the mass can strike, directly or indirectly, the object which one wishes to push in and which one has previously disposed at the right of the lower end of the pendulum element.
  • a first problem results from the fact that as the element is pushed in, the point of impact of the mass moves downwards. Consequently, provision should be made for permanently adapting the travel of the mass and, consequently, its guidance, to the level of insertion of the object to be inserted. It should be noted in this regard that a possible solution to solve this problem may consist in using a pendular element of tubular shape whose inner surface is used for guiding the mass and to introduce initially, in the lower part of this tubular element, the object to be pushed in. Thus, during insertion, the part of the object protruding outside the ground remains inside the tubular element and is guided, permanently, in the volume of passage of the mass.
  • this solution has the drawback of limiting the shape of the objects to be inserted, to the dimensions of the interior volume of the pendulum element.
  • it is subject to frequent jamming, by deformation of the objects to be inserted, inside the pendulum element, under the effect of shocks, in particular in the case of hard ground.
  • the invention therefore firstly aims to eliminate these drawbacks. To this end, it offers a longitudinally extendable pendulum element the length of which adapts permanently to the height of the object during its insertion, and which ensures perfect continuity in guiding the mass whatever this length.
  • this pendulum element comprises a tubular structure, longitudinally divided into two parts each having at least two guide surfaces of two opposite zones of the mass so as to be able to ensure alone the longitudinal guidance of the mass, the surfaces guide one of the parts being angularly offset from those of the other part, and connecting means of these two parts with free longitudinal sliding of one of the parts relative to the other.
  • the above pendulum element and said mass have a section in the form of a quadrilateral.
  • each of the two parts constituting the tubular element comprises two parallel sections in the form of angle iron, of concavity facing each other.
  • the opposite internal faces of these two sections are spaced from each other by a length substantially equal to that of one side of said quadrilateral.
  • the profiles of each of these two parts are fixed to each other by their ends by means of two fixing devices, at least one of which consists of a tubular section of inner section in the form of a quadrilateral comprising internal walls which have two opposite angular regions on which the external faces of said profiles are applied and fixed, and two angular guide regions.
  • the assembly of the two parts of the pendulum element is then carried out so that the profiles of one of said parts pass through the tubular section of the other part and are guided by the angular guide regions of this tubular section. and vice versa.
  • the pendulum element is connected, by its upper end, to the structure of the device by means of a mechanical gimbal connection integral with one of the above-mentioned parts so as to allow free swinging of the pendulum element in two perpendicular directions.
  • the lower end of the tubular element may include means for longitudinally guiding a driving-in tool and for guiding dowels with a central sheath intended for fixing in the ground posts or stakes and a type similar to those which are described in FR-A-2 422 793 and FR-A-2 453 964 for: "Anchor intended for the fixing in the ground of posts or stakes and device serving for the insertion of this ankle" , deposited in the name of the Applicant, these guide means being provided so that the mass comes into collision at the end of the stroke the upper end of the driving tool.
  • the mass can also comprise, fixed on its lower face, a pile-shaped part substantially coaxial with the pendulum element.
  • This piece can advantageously have a length slightly greater than that of said dowel so as to permanently produce, during the insertion of the dowel, a pilot hole.
  • the lower end of the tubular element may include means allowing the head of the dowel to be held in position, these means equipping the lower end of the part of the tubular element which is not connected. to the aforesaid mechanical cardanic connection.
  • Another problem which the invention aims to solve relates to the development of a kinematic chain intended for driving the mass and which is adapted to the pendulum element previously described.
  • the mechanical universal joint can include a first substantially U-shaped yoke, that is to say comprising a core from which two parallel wings extend.
  • a first substantially U-shaped yoke that is to say comprising a core from which two parallel wings extend.
  • On the soul of this yoke is fixed an axis which extends parallel to the two wings, in the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the yoke and which comprises two parts projecting beyond the yoke, on either side of it.
  • These two projecting parts are rotatably mounted in two respective bearings integral with the structure of the device.
  • This mechanical gimbal connection involves, at the upper part of the pendulum element and integral with one of said parts, a yoke structure comprising two parallel wings provided with two respective coaxial bores in which the above trunnions engage.
  • the cable drive device consists of a rotary arm pivotally mounted by one of its ends on the structure of the device and driven in rotation from a motor, via a freewheeling type transmission device.
  • This rotary arm carries, at its other end, a pulley mounted idly around an axis parallel to the axis of rotation of said arm.
  • the cable which is fixed by one of its ends to the mass, passes through the pulley of the mechanical gimbal connection, is guided by the guide pulley, then passes around the pulley of said arm then returns substantially parallel to itself and is fixed, by its other end, to a fixed point of the structure.
  • the mobile structure of the device is mounted on three rolling means on the ground arranged in a triangle and each equipped with a device for adjusting the height of the structure.
  • the movable apparatus for the insertion into the ground of various objects comprises first of all a support structure 1 of tripod type, the feet of which extend along the edges of a volume in the form of a pyramid.
  • two of the legs of this structure each consist of a profiled beam 2, 3 while the third leg is constituted by two parallel beams 4, 5 slightly spaced from one another.
  • a plate 17 on the lower face of which is suspended by means of a mechanical gimbal connection of the type shown in FIG. 3, a pendulum element 18 such as that of FIG. 2, inside which a mass 19 slides.
  • This mass 19 is connected to a cable 20 which passes inside the tubular element 18 then in the mechanical gimbal connection 21 then in a drive device 22 mounted on the two beams 4, 5 of the structure, of which the principle will be described with reference to FIG. 4.
  • This drive device 22 is itself driven by a geared motor group carried by the two beams 4,5.
  • the engine of this group can advantageously consist of an internal combustion engine. However, in the example shown, it consists of an electric motor 23 powered by a generator 23 'suspended on a gimbal so as to maintain a constant oil level guaranteeing the longevity of the group.
  • the assembly of the two parts 24 and 25 of the tubular element 18 is produced in such a way that the sections 26, 27 of the part 24 pass through the tubular section 38 of the part 25 and are guided by the angular guide regions. 42, 43 of this tubular section 38 and, conversely, the profiles 36, 37 of the part 25 pass through the tubular section 33 of the part 24 and are guided by the angular guide regions 35 of this tubular section 33.
  • the mass 19 which descends in free fall in the pendulum element is raised by a cable 20 which passes through the mechanical gimbal connection 21, so that it always remains in the longitudinal central axis of the pendulum element 18.
  • the mechanical cardanic connection comprises first of all, as shown in FIG. 3, a U-shaped clevis joint 50 on the core of which are fixed two coaxial pins 51 extending in the plane longitudinal symmetry of the yoke. These two pins 51 are mounted in two respective bearings 52, 53 fixed on the plate 17 located at the upper part of the supporting structure 1.
  • the two wings of this yoke 50 also include two coaxial holes 54 inside which is mounted the axis of rotation 55 of a pulley 56 housed inside the yoke 50 and two coaxial journals 57, 58 respectively fixed on the two outer faces of the two wings of the yoke 50.
  • the axis of these two pins 57, 58 is located at a distance from the axis of rotation 55 of the pulley 56, substantially equal to the radius of the pulley 56 and in a plane parallel to the web of the yoke 50, passing by the axis of the pins 57, 58.
  • the cable drive device 20 consists of at least one arm 60 rotatably mounted by one end on one of the two parallel beams 4, 5 of the structure 1 of the device and on which is rotatably mounted, at the other end, a pulley 61.
  • This arm 60 is rotated from the gear motor 23 by a freewheel transmission system.
  • the arm 60 is mounted idly on an axis 62 on which is also rotatably mounted a second arm 63 driven in rotation by the geared motor group 23 by means of a chain transmission 64 and sprockets 65 ( figure 1 ).
  • This second arm 63 comprises a stop 66 extending projecting into the passage volume of the first arm 60 so as to be able to drive the latter in rotation in one direction.
  • the cable 20 which is fixed by one of its ends to the mass 19, passes over the pulley 56 of the gimbal mechanical connection 21, is guided at the entry of this connection by a pulley of guide 67, then passes around the pulley 61 of the first arm 60 and then returns parallel to itself to come and fix itself at a fixed point of the structure or wind on a drum 68 intended to adjust the length of the cable 20.
  • the mass 19 being at the low point of its stroke inside the pendulum element 18, the first arm 60 is in the high position and is rotated by the second arm 63, the resistive torque exerted by the cable 20 under the effect of the mass 19 on the pulley 61 acting in the opposite direction to the direction of rotation exerted by the arm 63.
  • the direction of the resisting torque is reversed with respect to the direction of rotation of the arm 63 and the first arm 60 disengages from the stop 66 and is rotated by the cable 20 at an angular speed greater than that of the second arm 63.
  • the mass 19 then falls in free fall, strikes the driving-in tool or the dowel located at the end of the pendulum element and stops at the end of the stroke. A few moments later, the first arm 60 is again driven by the second arm 63 and a new cycle begins again.
  • the previously described device could advantageously include a device allowing the cable 20 to be kept under permanent tension.
  • a device can conventionally involve a tension spring between the fixed point and the cable as well as a system stop. It could also consist of a counterweight mounted on the cable 20 by means of a muffle.
  • the device could possibly comprise, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, two arms 60, 60 ′ rotatably mounted by one of their ends on the parallel beams 4, 5 and joined at the other end by a pulley 61, the space between the two arms 60, 60 'being cleared to allow the passage of the cable 20 during rotation.
  • the pulley 61 can be equipped, as shown in FIG. 4a, with a holding device comprising two flanges parallel lateral rotatably mounted about the axis of the pulley 61 and extending on either side thereof. These two flanges are joined to each other by means of a massive piece constituting a ballast which tends to bring the two flanges back to the vertical position.
  • the apparatus according to the invention can be used for anchoring, in the ground, dowels 70 comprising a rigid part advantageously composed of metal plates shaped as fins 71, said rigid part forming a sheath 72 intended to receive, once the dowel 70 has been driven into the ground, the base of a post or stake.
  • the driving in of these pins can advantageously be carried out by means of a driving tool comprising a rigid elongated body 73 having at least, in its lower part, the shape of a false pile of length slightly greater than that of the ankle and, at the upper end of this false pile, a shouldered portion 74 intended to transmit a driving force on the upper face of the ankles.
  • the driving tool is incorporated into the mass 19 and simply consists of a false pile 76 mounted on the underside of the mass.
  • the mass comes directly to bear on the upper face of the pins and the pendulum element 18 comprises, at its lower part, means for centering said pins.
  • the driving tool comprises, in addition to the false pile 73 and the shouldered portion 74 for driving the pins 70, a rod 77 mounted axially sliding in a bearing 78 provided at the lower end of the pendulum element 18 and on the head of which comes the mass 19.
  • the head 80 of the rod 77 may have a rounded shape and the underside of the mass 19 may include a central recess 81 in which said rounded shape of the head 80 of the rod 77 can engage. arrangement thus allows good centering of the rod 77 during the impact of the mass 19.
  • means can be provided for securing the head 80 of the rod 77 to the mass 19, so as to facilitate the extraction of the driving tool, once the pin 70 is pressed.
  • these fixing means consist of a key or a pin 80 'in the shape of a U engaging in a groove 82, 84 formed in the head 80 of the rod 77 and in the recess 81. This arrangement consequently allows the lifting of the bottom of the pendulum element.
  • the device can comprise, for its traction, a winch 100 centered parallel to the axis of the wheels 8, 10, 13, 14 and suitably centered, so as to obtain an advance of the device in a precise determined direction. even in very steep or swampy areas.
  • This winch can be fitted with a tachometer allowing the automatic calculation of the intervals between each sinking operation in the ground by the tool.
  • the gear motor group 23 may consist of an internal combustion engine 101 with gearbox 102, possibly automatic, differential 103 and centrifugal clutch.
  • one of the sides of the differential can be coupled to the aforesaid second arm 63 for lifting the mass, the other side being used to actuate the winch 100. It then suffices to block one of the sides of the differential to the other is operational and accelerate or slow the engine to start the differential or stop everything.
  • the stroke of the mass can be increased inside the pendulum element by acting on the height of the ground support points of the structure 1 in the manner previously indicated. It is also possible to reduce the weight of the mass 19 by placing in the pendulum element 18 a compression spring 90 at a level corresponding to the high position of the mass 19. This spring 90 then has the effect of projecting the mass 19 downwards and considerably increase the impacts without having to modify the weight of the mass 19.
  • it may include safety grids surrounding the pendulum element 18 and fixed on the tubular sections 33, 38, so as to prevent any access to the voids which occur when the pendulum element 18 is developing.
  • the device for holding the pin 70 down on the ground comprises a support piece 105 on the pin on the ground, held by rods 106 slidably mounted on the pendulum element 18 and which can be blocked for example by means of clamping screws on the upper part 24 of the pendulum element 18.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Fencing (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
EP85900138A 1984-01-10 1984-12-20 Appareil mobile pour l'enfoncement dans le sol, par percussion, d'objects divers Expired EP0167552B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85900138T ATE32361T1 (de) 1984-01-10 1984-12-20 Bewegliches geraet zum einschlagen im boden durch rammen von verschiedenen gegenstaenden.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8400268A FR2557898B1 (fr) 1984-01-10 1984-01-10 Appareil mobile pour l'enfoncement dans le sol, par percussion, d'objets mobiles.
FR8400268 1984-01-10

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0167552A1 EP0167552A1 (fr) 1986-01-15
EP0167552B1 true EP0167552B1 (fr) 1988-02-03

Family

ID=9299956

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85900138A Expired EP0167552B1 (fr) 1984-01-10 1984-12-20 Appareil mobile pour l'enfoncement dans le sol, par percussion, d'objects divers

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US4667746A (it)
EP (1) EP0167552B1 (it)
JP (1) JPS61500922A (it)
AT (1) ATE32361T1 (it)
AU (1) AU3782785A (it)
CA (1) CA1240525A (it)
DE (2) DE167552T1 (it)
ES (1) ES8606561A1 (it)
FR (1) FR2557898B1 (it)
IL (1) IL73994A0 (it)
IT (1) IT1183076B (it)
WO (1) WO1985003095A1 (it)
ZA (1) ZA8595B (it)

Families Citing this family (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5107934A (en) * 1991-03-05 1992-04-28 Double "K" Pile Drivers Ltd. Pile driver
US5183316A (en) * 1991-09-23 1993-02-02 Esco Corporation Mounting bracket for a working device
US5332047A (en) * 1992-10-01 1994-07-26 John Marino Pile driving apparatus and method
FR2737525B1 (fr) * 1995-07-31 2001-01-19 Moraly Paul Robert Basile Cheville de scellement a fourreau integre, destinee a la fixation de poteaux ou piquets dans le sol, ou elle est enfoncee par percussion
RU2123090C1 (ru) * 1997-06-19 1998-12-10 Виталий Григорьевич Лугачев Молот
US6261027B1 (en) * 1997-07-07 2001-07-17 Earth Tool Company L.L.C. Portable pulling apparatus
US6193442B1 (en) 1999-03-16 2001-02-27 Donald R. May Method and device for raising and supporting a building foundation
GB2336868B (en) * 1999-04-20 2000-04-19 Stanley Roberts Fence post driving apparatus
GB2359581A (en) * 2000-02-25 2001-08-29 Miftach Taylor Post driving apparatus
WO2003002835A1 (en) * 2001-06-26 2003-01-09 Miftach Taylor Post driver apparatus
US7044686B2 (en) * 2002-07-22 2006-05-16 Donald May Apparatus and method for supporting a structure with a pier
US6872031B2 (en) 2002-07-22 2005-03-29 Donald May Apparatus and method of supporting a structure with a pier
US6659692B1 (en) 2002-07-22 2003-12-09 Donald May Apparatus and method for supporting a structure with a pier and helix
GB2398099A (en) * 2003-02-05 2004-08-11 Expanded Metal Drive tool for fence post bases
US7195426B2 (en) * 2005-05-24 2007-03-27 Donald May Structural pier and method for installing the same
FR2914343B1 (fr) * 2007-04-02 2011-05-13 Pierre Loubet Engin de support et de positionnement, notamment pour machine de battage de poteaux
AU2009212897B2 (en) * 2008-09-08 2014-06-05 Makinex Ip Pty Ltd Jackhammer Trolley
US9010452B2 (en) * 2011-10-13 2015-04-21 Susan J. Williamson Vibration dampening system for a handle of a machine that vibrates, and method of dampening vibrations produced by a machine
NO20171835A1 (no) * 2017-11-17 2019-05-20 Comrod As System og framgangsmåte for posisjonering av en borerigg

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR832999A (fr) * 1937-02-02 1938-10-07 Perfectionnements aux dispositifs servant à enfoncer ou battre poteaux, pieux et autres, dans le sol
US2501369A (en) * 1946-10-11 1950-03-21 Frederick F Zavatkay Folding pile driver lead
DE831826C (de) * 1948-01-16 1952-02-18 Ronald George Monro Werkzeugramme
US2659583A (en) * 1950-01-16 1953-11-17 Ottawa Steel Products Inc Drop hammer and carriage therefor
US2950603A (en) * 1954-09-07 1960-08-30 Macek Matthew Post driver
US2815929A (en) * 1955-12-22 1957-12-10 Andreatta Antonio Well drilling rigs
US2833120A (en) * 1956-04-05 1958-05-06 Pennsylvania Drilling Company Testborer
US2904320A (en) * 1958-07-29 1959-09-15 Maurice B Salisbury Pneumatic hammer concrete router and scarifier
US3026949A (en) * 1959-04-15 1962-03-27 Frederick J Eldridge Post driver
US3447613A (en) * 1967-07-07 1969-06-03 Edgar J Lisenby Combined earth boring and post driving apparatus
US3490548A (en) * 1968-07-24 1970-01-20 Frank W Lake Adjustably positioned vehicle mounted tool and tool support structure
US3601342A (en) * 1969-06-20 1971-08-24 Piasecki Aircraft Corp Cargo hoist system for helicopters
SE404819B (sv) * 1976-07-05 1978-10-30 Wibom Gustaf H O Sett och tillsatsaggregat till grevmaskin eller motsvarande for att applicera langstreckta element i block och stenar innehallande mark
GB1577334A (en) * 1978-02-10 1980-10-22 Wests Piling & Construction Co Noise control systems and apparatus and methods of noise control
JPS5841232U (ja) * 1981-09-11 1983-03-18 株式会社伊藤喜工作所 ライテイングビユ−ロ−

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1985003095A1 (fr) 1985-07-18
IL73994A0 (en) 1985-04-30
CA1240525A (fr) 1988-08-16
ES539427A0 (es) 1986-04-01
JPS61500922A (ja) 1986-05-08
DE167552T1 (de) 1986-04-10
AU3782785A (en) 1985-07-30
EP0167552A1 (fr) 1986-01-15
IT8519021A0 (it) 1985-01-04
ZA8595B (en) 1985-08-28
US4667746A (en) 1987-05-26
ATE32361T1 (de) 1988-02-15
FR2557898A1 (fr) 1985-07-12
IT1183076B (it) 1987-10-05
ES8606561A1 (es) 1986-04-01
FR2557898B1 (fr) 1986-04-18
DE3469196D1 (en) 1988-03-10

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