EP0167989A2 - Procédé et dispositifs portables de chauffage et de refroidissement adiabatique d'après le principe d'adsorption - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositifs portables de chauffage et de refroidissement adiabatique d'après le principe d'adsorption Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0167989A2
EP0167989A2 EP85108308A EP85108308A EP0167989A2 EP 0167989 A2 EP0167989 A2 EP 0167989A2 EP 85108308 A EP85108308 A EP 85108308A EP 85108308 A EP85108308 A EP 85108308A EP 0167989 A2 EP0167989 A2 EP 0167989A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
zeolite
water
heat
filling
cooling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP85108308A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0167989A3 (en
EP0167989B1 (fr
Inventor
Zeolith Technologie Gmbh Zeo-Tech
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Zeo Tech Zeolith Technologie GmbH
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Zeo Tech Zeolith Technologie GmbH
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Priority to AT85108308T priority Critical patent/ATE61657T1/de
Publication of EP0167989A2 publication Critical patent/EP0167989A2/fr
Publication of EP0167989A3 publication Critical patent/EP0167989A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0167989B1 publication Critical patent/EP0167989B1/fr
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B17/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type
    • F25B17/08—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
    • F25B29/006—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously of the sorption type system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D5/00—Devices using endothermic chemical reactions, e.g. using frigorific mixtures
    • F25D5/02—Devices using endothermic chemical reactions, e.g. using frigorific mixtures portable, i.e. adapted to be carried personally
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2400/00—General features of, or devices for refrigerators, cold rooms, ice-boxes, or for cooling or freezing apparatus not covered by any other subclass
    • F25D2400/28—Quick cooling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to methods and portable devices for changing the temperature according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Methods and transportable devices for the generation of cold and heat according to the sorption principle are known.
  • a more volatile working fluid is sorbed in vapor form by a less volatile sorbent.
  • Usable cold arises during the evaporation of the working medium, while usable heat of sorption is also released during sorption in the sorbent.
  • Shut-off devices in the steam room prevent sorption outside of operation. By opening the shut-off devices, the generation of cold or heat is initiated. To reactivate the devices, the sorbent is heated and the desorbed working fluid is condensed while releasing heat.
  • Devices according to this method either allow heating or cooling of goods, for example food or beverages.
  • sorbent pairings are diverse. Only a few material pairings have a sufficiently broad solution field, the thermodynamic basic requirement for a sufficient temperature gap between evaporation and sorption. Furthermore, they should be easily regenerable, non-corrosive, non-toxic and stable. The environmental compatibility must be given especially with disposable devices. Accidental contact with food must not lead to any danger. Portable devices should be lightweight. Container walls must therefore be thin. High working fluid vapor pressures are therefore inappropriate. The reaction kinetics must take place sufficiently quickly. So far, no sorbent pairing could be specified that meets these requirements.
  • the object of the invention is to show methods and portable cooling and heating devices with which a short-term and effective cooling and / or heating of goods is possible without heat or mass exchange with the surroundings of the device.
  • the object is achieved in that a method is used in processes based on the sorption principle, which draws its heat of vaporization from the heat of solidification of the non-evaporating amount of working fluid and that a sorbent is used which can store the heat of sorption released in the form of specific heat in the sorbent itself.
  • Water and zeolite are located in the evacuated cooling and heating device in two containers, which are separated by a shut-off device. When the shut-off device is opened, water vapor flows into the zeolite filling and is adsorbed with rapid heat release. Further water evaporates from the water filling with cooling and subsequent icing of the remaining water filling.
  • the zeolite filling can adsorb water vapor until its rising temperature under the vapor pressure of the ice is in thermodynamic equilibrium with the amount of water already adsorbed.
  • the heat of adsorption can thus be stored adiabatically in the form of specific heat of the zeolite filling, the amount of water adsorbed and the container material.
  • 100 g of zeolite Na-X have e.g. B. in the equilibrium state at a temperature of 140 ° C and a water vapor pressure of 600 hPa 7.5 g of water.
  • approx. 42 g of water can be cooled from 25 ° C to 0 ° C and completely frozen. This evaporation process is also completely adiabatic. Cold and heat can be provided at the same time without heat exchange with the environment.
  • the zeolite-water compound fulfills all requirements for an optimal pair of adsorbents.
  • the unusually broad loading field also allows high temperature differences to be achieved with relatively small amounts of zeolite.
  • Zeolites are edible and inexpensive to synthesize. The adsorption process is insensitive to position and vibration, a change in volume is not observed.
  • the zeolite types Na-A, Mg-A, Ca-A, Na-X, Na-Y and H-Y show no decomposition even with frequent reactivation.
  • the type H-Y is also pH neutral in aqueous solution. Contamination of the water filling in ice makers thus has no influence on the enjoyment of the ice produced.
  • Synthetic zeolites are commercially available in powder and granule forms.
  • Powdered zeolites can be processed with binders to give moldings which are adapted to the cooling and heating devices. Specially designed moldings can, for example, stiffen the container walls and thus allow simpler container designs or the saving of container materials. When using water as a working medium, there is also no need for complex pressure vessels.
  • zeolites In the adiabatic adsorption process, zeolites sometimes heat up from room temperature to over 160 ° C. However, temperatures around 80 ° C are sufficient for many heating tasks. At low temperatures, zeolites can adsorb more water. If additional heat storage masses are coupled to the zeolite filling with good thermal conductivity, some of the heat of adsorption can be transferred to them. Since the temperatures in the zeolite filling are thus lower, more water vapor can be adsorbed and more sorption heat can be provided. Liquids such as e.g. B. coffee, tea, soups, which can be removed from the device when hot, advantageous. For disposable devices for ice making Small, gas-tight sealed water capsules are suitable, for example, which, evenly distributed in the zeolite filling, can absorb part of the sorption heat and thereby reduce the amount of zeolite required.
  • the enthalpy of evaporation can sometimes be other substances such.
  • B. drinks are withdrawn.
  • the container with the drink is coupled to the water container with good thermal conductivity.
  • the ice formed during the adsorption process is edible. Since zeolites are also edible, there is no danger for the user even if handled improperly.
  • the reaction rate of the pair of substances is so high that in suitable devices the water filling solidifies to ice in a few seconds and can be removed from the device. Refilling with fresh water and reactivating the zeolite filling is possible, but it is not practical due to the low material value. As a rule, such devices for ice production can be implemented as one-way systems. Water fillings that are too large only partially freeze or are not cooled down to freezing point. Are other substances added to the water filling, e.g. B. lemonades, fruit juices, alcohols, ice cream mixes etc., the fillings can be served strongly chilled or frozen after opening the cooling device.
  • shut-off devices are advantageously designed as steam valves. Smaller water valves are sufficient for one-way systems. These water valves must be designed in such a way that, after opening, the entire water filling can flow out of the water tank into the zeolite tank.
  • the zeolite filling must be arranged inside the zeolite container so that it does not come into contact with the incoming water. Particularly thick layers of ice can be produced by the water flowing slowly into the zeolite container running onto frozen ice layers and freezing in the process.
  • the water container is designed as a drinking vessel. After opening the disposable system, the ice can remain in the drinking vessel and the drinks to be cooled can be poured over it.
  • the drinking vessel takes over the function of the shut-off device. For this purpose, the vessel is pressed against a surface of the zeolite container using a special mechanism in such a way that the vessel opening is closed.
  • All cooling and heating devices must be evacuated during manufacture.
  • the zeolite filling is heated to a temperature between 250 and 700 ° C by a heat source.
  • the water vapor desorbed from the zeolite emerges from the zeolite container through a small, closable evacuation opening and entrains the trapped air. In this way, the use of special vacuum pumps can be dispensed with.
  • the water tank is evacuated separately or simultaneously at the same time. With simultaneous evacuation, the containers are to be arranged so that the water filling in the water container is brought to a boil by the overheating heat of the escaping water vapor or by the radiant heat from the hot zeolite filling, and the z. B. on the shut-off flowing steam removed non-condensable gases from the water tank.
  • FIG. 1 a combined cooling and heating plate is shown in section.
  • a water container (11) is connected to a zeolite container (13) which contains a zeolite filling (14) via a magnetically actuated shut-off device (12).
  • An absorbent material (16) fixes the water filling (15) on the right side of the container.
  • the plate with the water tank (11) is set up and the magnet acting shut-off device (12) opened.
  • the water filling (14) evaporates partially and solidifies.
  • the zeolite filling (14) adsorbs the water vapor and stores the heat of adsorption released in the form of sensible heat.
  • the plate is placed with the zeolite container upwards.
  • the zeolite container side can be placed on a hot stove.
  • the shut-off device (12) allows the water vapor desorbed from the zeolite filling (14) to flow into the water container (11) even in the closed state. The heat of condensation is released into the environment.
  • FIG 2 shows a cooling and heating rod, which works on the same principle as the cooling and heating plate in Figure 1.
  • the water tank (21) for heating the zeolite tank (23) is immersed in a liquid and the solenoid valve (22) open.
  • the zeolite filling (24) in the zeolite container (23) is heated to about 250 ° C and the escaping water vapor condenses on the water container wall (21).
  • the absorbent material (26) distributes the condensate evenly.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of the invention in the form of a combined cooling and heating bag.
  • the sectional figure shows an insulation box (37) and a cooling and heating device according to the invention in the lid (38).
  • the lid (38) is designed as a reversible lid, so that depending on the intended use, the cooling water tank (31) or the heating zeolite tank (33) point into the interior of the insulation box (37).
  • the cooling or heating mode is also initiated or interrupted here by actuating the shut-off device (32).
  • a thermostatically controlled heating device (39) is attached to the outer surface of the zeolite container. So that for safety reasons the reactivation of the zeolite filling (34) is not possible when the bag is closed, the power supply cable and the associated operating switch are attached in such a way that it cannot be regenerated when the bag is closed.
  • FIG4a shows a cooling device for beverages before start-up.
  • the water tank (41a) is separated from the zeolite tank (43a) by a vapor-tight membrane (42).
  • a cavity for the beverage (47a) to be cooled is located in a recess in the water container (41a).
  • a support ring (48) is removed at the junction of the containers. The outside air pressure then presses both sides of the container together.
  • the vapor-tight membrane (42) is cut by a cutting knife (49). The path for water vapor is now clear. The cooling effect starts immediately.
  • Figure 4b shows a heating device for beverages after commissioning according to the same principle.
  • the beverage (47b) to be heated is located here in the depression of the zeolite container (43b).
  • the steam-tight membrane (42) has already been cut through by the cutting knife and entrained by the water vapor flow into the zeolite container (43b).
  • the water filling (45) has solidified to ice, the zeolite filling (44) is hot.
  • FIG. 5 shows a sectional and a top view drawing of a further cooling and heating device according to the invention.
  • Zeolite containers (53) and water containers (51) have the shape of a double jacket with cup-shaped depressions (54a) and (57b) for the direct absorption of liquids or vessels such as beverage cans.
  • the zeolite container (53) is surrounded by a heatable sleeve (59) for reactivating the zeolite filling (54).
  • a leak-free shut-off device (52) prevents the adsorption of water vapor from the water filling (55) in the zeolite filling (54) in the closed state, but allows the water vapor desorbed from the zeolite filling (54) to flow back unhindered into the water container (51).
  • An absorbent material (56) ensures an even distribution of the water filling (55) in the water tank (51).
  • the cooling and heating device can either be used for cooling or heating only or for simultaneous cooling and heating. In all operating modes it is irrelevant whether the other cup-shaped depression (57a) or (57b) is filled or is empty.
  • FIG 6 shows a portable device before and after the adsorption reaction to produce edible ice or to cool liquids.
  • the water filling (65) is in the cup-shaped water container (61).
  • the water tank (61) and the zeolite filling (64) are arranged inside the zeolite tank (63).
  • the zeolite filling (64) consists of a solid zeolite molding which stiffens the wall of the zeolite container. Additional heat storage elements (66) are embedded in the molding. For example, they consist of water-filled metal capsules.
  • the cup-shaped water container (61) is pressed by a release device (68) with its opening against a sealing ring (67) in the lid of the zeolite container (63).
  • the required air pressure is provided by the external air pressure, which bulges the bottom and lid of the zeolite container (63) slightly inwards.
  • the water filling (65) in the water tank (61) can be mixed with other substances, for. B. dairy products or lemonade raw materials.
  • the bottom of the zeolite container is mechanically deformed via a tab until the release device (68) yields to the pressure of the water vapor in the water container (61) and separates the container from the sealing ring (67). This clears the way for the water vapor to fill the zeolite (64).
  • the water filling (65) is frozen to ice and the zeolite filling (64) is hot.
  • the lid of the zeolite container (63) is removed and the ice filling including the water container (61) is removed.
  • FIG. 7 shows a further embodiment of a device for ice production before and after the adsorption reaction.
  • the zeolite container (73) contains both the zeolite filling (74) and the water container (71) with the water filling (75).
  • a plug device (78) projects through the bottom of the container (77) into the flexible water container (71). To make ice, this plug device (78) is used to pierce an opening in the lower shell of the water container (71). The water filling (75) then empties into the zeolite-free part of the zeolite container (73) and freezes to ice in a few seconds.
  • the zeolite filling (74) passes on part of the heat of adsorption released to the heat storage mass in the container (77). After ice formation has taken place, the lower part of the zeolite container (73) is separated from the remaining part of the device together with the ice filling.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Liquids With Adsorbents In General (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
EP85108308A 1984-07-10 1985-07-05 Procédé et dispositifs portables de chauffage et de refroidissement adiabatique d'après le principe d'adsorption Expired - Lifetime EP0167989B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85108308T ATE61657T1 (de) 1984-07-10 1985-07-05 Adiabatische heiz- und kuehlverfahren und tragbare vorrichtungen nach dem adsorptionsprinzip.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3425419A DE3425419C2 (de) 1984-07-10 1984-07-10 Adiabatische Heiz- und Kühlvorrichtungen nach dem Adsorptionsprinzip
DE3425419 1984-07-10

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0167989A2 true EP0167989A2 (fr) 1986-01-15
EP0167989A3 EP0167989A3 (en) 1989-08-30
EP0167989B1 EP0167989B1 (fr) 1991-03-13

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EP85108308A Expired - Lifetime EP0167989B1 (fr) 1984-07-10 1985-07-05 Procédé et dispositifs portables de chauffage et de refroidissement adiabatique d'après le principe d'adsorption

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4752310A (fr)
EP (1) EP0167989B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS61153342A (fr)
AT (1) ATE61657T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3425419C2 (fr)

Cited By (7)

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EP0439819A3 (en) * 1990-02-02 1992-02-26 Zeo-Tech Zeolith Technologie Gmbh Device for making ice by sorption
DE4119507A1 (de) * 1991-06-13 1992-12-17 Coleman Deutschland Gmbh Campingbox
EP0527466A1 (fr) * 1991-08-14 1993-02-17 ZEO-TECH Zeolith Technologie GmbH Procédé de sorption pour refroidir et/ou chauffer
EP0505381A4 (en) * 1989-10-12 1993-05-19 International Thermal Packaging, Inc. Cooling device with improved waste-heat handling capability
FR2696533A1 (fr) * 1992-10-06 1994-04-08 Blaizat Claude Dispositifs de refroidissement, réfrigération ou de chauffage d'un liquide contenu dans un récipient et dispositif de régénération de celui-ci.
EP1361402A3 (fr) * 2002-05-07 2003-11-19 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Boíte frigorifique

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DE4138114A1 (de) * 1991-11-19 1993-05-27 Zeolith Tech Kuehlvorrichtung und kuehlverfahren zur kuehlung eines mediums innerhalb eines gefaesses
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EP2583039A2 (fr) 2010-06-15 2013-04-24 Carlsberg Breweries A/S Récipient à refroidissement automatique et dispositif de refroidissement
DE102010047371A1 (de) 2010-10-05 2012-04-05 Zeo-Tech Zeolith-Technologie Gmbh Sorptions-Kühlelemente
KR101963911B1 (ko) 2010-11-23 2019-03-29 인벤소르 게엠베하 흡착식 냉동기로부터 이질 가스를 제거하기 위한 진공 용기
EP2695560A1 (fr) 2012-08-10 2014-02-12 Carlsberg Breweries A/S Dispositif de refroidissement comprenant des réactifs revêtus
US9067848B2 (en) 2012-10-19 2015-06-30 California Institute Of Technology Nanostructured carbon materials for adsorption of methane and other gases
EP2772704A1 (fr) * 2013-02-28 2014-09-03 Dometic Holding AB Système de refroidissement
WO2014166867A1 (fr) 2013-04-08 2014-10-16 Carlsberg Breweries A/S Système de refroidissement externe d'un porte-boissons et procédé de refroidissement externe d'un porte-boissons
DE102015002421A1 (de) 2015-02-26 2016-09-01 Zeo-Tech Zeolith-Technologie Gmbh Vakuum-Gerät mit Sorptionsmittel-Patrone
AU2018410828B2 (en) 2018-03-02 2024-04-04 Michael Mark ANTHONY Humidification and dehumidification process and apparatus for chilling beverages and other food products and process of manufacture
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EP0404805A4 (en) * 1988-03-17 1991-11-06 International Thermal Packaging, Inc. Apparatus and method for simultaneously heating and cooling separate zones
EP0505381A4 (en) * 1989-10-12 1993-05-19 International Thermal Packaging, Inc. Cooling device with improved waste-heat handling capability
EP0439819A3 (en) * 1990-02-02 1992-02-26 Zeo-Tech Zeolith Technologie Gmbh Device for making ice by sorption
DE4119507A1 (de) * 1991-06-13 1992-12-17 Coleman Deutschland Gmbh Campingbox
EP0527466A1 (fr) * 1991-08-14 1993-02-17 ZEO-TECH Zeolith Technologie GmbH Procédé de sorption pour refroidir et/ou chauffer
FR2696533A1 (fr) * 1992-10-06 1994-04-08 Blaizat Claude Dispositifs de refroidissement, réfrigération ou de chauffage d'un liquide contenu dans un récipient et dispositif de régénération de celui-ci.
EP1361402A3 (fr) * 2002-05-07 2003-11-19 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Boíte frigorifique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4752310A (en) 1988-06-21
DE8420664U1 (de) 1990-03-22
EP0167989A3 (en) 1989-08-30
DE3425419C2 (de) 1993-12-09
ATE61657T1 (de) 1991-03-15
EP0167989B1 (fr) 1991-03-13
DE3425419A1 (de) 1986-01-23
JPS61153342A (ja) 1986-07-12

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