EP0178345B1 - Revêtement pour ponts à tabliers, en béton précontraint, armé ou composite - Google Patents
Revêtement pour ponts à tabliers, en béton précontraint, armé ou composite Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0178345B1 EP0178345B1 EP84112586A EP84112586A EP0178345B1 EP 0178345 B1 EP0178345 B1 EP 0178345B1 EP 84112586 A EP84112586 A EP 84112586A EP 84112586 A EP84112586 A EP 84112586A EP 0178345 B1 EP0178345 B1 EP 0178345B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- concrete
- coating
- asphalt
- fact
- accordance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000013521 mastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011384 asphalt concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011513 prestressed concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 44
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010000060 Abdominal distension Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004801 Chlorinated PVC Substances 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010000496 acne Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000024330 bloating Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010454 slate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
- E01D19/08—Damp-proof or other insulating layers; Drainage arrangements or devices ; Bridge deck surfacings
- E01D19/083—Waterproofing of bridge decks; Other insulations for bridges, e.g. thermal ; Bridge deck surfacings
Definitions
- the invention relates to a bituminous covering for bridges with superstructures made of concrete, in particular prestressed and reinforced concrete, consisting of the actual surface layer (layer exposed to traffic) made of mastic asphalt or asphalt concrete with a thickness of> __ 35 mm, a protective layer applied under the surface layer Mastic asphalt also> 35 mm thick and a sealing layer of about 4.5 mm thick, the z. B. can consist of a welding track with a carrier insert, the bitumen content in the welding track can be between 60 and 100 wt .-%.
- the so-called sealing layer is of particular importance for such bridge coverings, because it mediates the transition between the thermally and mechanically flexible top layer and the rigid concrete superstructure of the bridges.
- the concrete of the bridge superstructure is provided with a seal, which usually has an additional separating layer. This has the task of absorbing or preventing the swelling and bulging when the volume increases, due to moisture evaporating from the concrete, by expanding air and other gases when the temperature rises.
- a glass fleece which is applied directly to the concrete surface, generally serves as the separating layer. This separation layer is then followed by a layer of asphalt mastic of the thickness mentioned above. For a given bitumen content, additions of fillers are usual, so that sufficient strength against the heat effects of the mastic asphalt as a protective layer and the mastic asphalt or asphalt concrete as a final covering layer is guaranteed.
- metal corrugated strips for example made of aluminum or copper or stainless steel, in addition to, or instead of, the asphalt mastic.
- a primer for example on a bituminous basis, is applied to the cleaned and dry concrete surface with about 0.25 to 0.40 kg / m 2 bitumen solution.
- a separating layer made of perforated glass fleece bitumen membrane, the purpose of which is to relieve the pressure of vapors and gases.
- the metal corrugated strips are then glued to this, in particular in the pouring and rolling process using an adhesive, for example made of bitumen filled with slate flour or fibrous materials.
- the subsequent protective layer consists of pure mastic asphalt.
- bituminous welding sheets are used instead of the casting and rolling process or adhesive process, the surfaces of which are metal and plastic laminated.
- the perforated glass fleece bitumen sheet is dispensed with and the bitumen welding sheet is flamed on the concrete surface provided with plastic and / or bituminized primer.
- bituminous covering for bridges with superstructures made of concrete consisting of the actual top layer of poured asphalt exposed to traffic, a bituminous protective layer, predominantly likewise of poured asphalt and one Adjoining sealing layer, which carries a layer made of thermoplastic materials designed as a film, etc.
- Such a closed covering compound or layers can hardly prevent the occurrence of bloating and thus the formation of overpressure areas due to moisture, air, hydrocarbons, etc. enclosed in the concrete, even with the best possible application of the hot seal consisting of protective layer, sealing layer and thermoplastic layer will.
- the metal foil itself is not subject to any mechanical stress due to overpressure, so that the aforementioned risk of a reduction in the layer composite, cracks, bubbles, etc. is eliminated.
- the sealing effect of the sealing and protective layer forming the seal is thus also fully retained.
- the invention thus relates to a bituminous covering for bridges with superstructures made of concrete, consisting of the actual top layer of poured asphalt or asphalt concrete, a bituminous protective layer, predominantly likewise of poured asphalt, and a subsequent sealing layer forming the transition to the concrete surface, which consists of a bituminous Seal layer is built up.
- the covering is characterized according to the invention in that the sealing layer is designed as a uniform sheet which has a layer made of metal, in particular aluminum or stainless steel or a polymeric plastic which is stable up to the liquefaction temperature of bitumen, which is perforated or perforated and whose perforations or Perforations are between 1 and 25%, in particular between 5 and 10% of the total surface of the support.
- the individual holes are mainly statistically distributed. The holes themselves have an average diameter of 0.01 to 1 mm, in particular 0.1 to 0.5 mm.
- the invention also relates to a method for forming such a bridge covering.
- support made of metal or metal foil is understood to mean both smooth and structured supports.
- the term structured encompasses those configurations which have elevations protruding from the plane. Examples of this are corrugations, corrugations, pimples of any geometric habit (squares, rectangles, cones, hemispheres, pyramids, etc.).
- Aluminum and stainless steel are particularly suitable as the metallic material for the overlay or foil, although copper and similar non-ferrous or light metals are also suitable.
- polymeric plastics such as hard PVC, post-chlorinated PVC, polyethylene, polyterephthalic acid esters, polyacrylates, etc., as well as corresponding copolymers with two, can also be thermally stable up to the temperature of the hot mastic asphalt (hot for top and protective layer) and more types of monomers are used.
- the thickness of the support ranges between 0.05 and 1 mm, in particular between 0.10 and 0.30 mm (wall thickness).
- the size of the free, i.e., made of metal or a polymeric or copolymeric, material after the perforation or perforation in the overlay forming the sealing layer. volatile components of the concrete permeable area is generally about 1 to 25% of the total area of the film, which is opposite to the protective layer. Below approximately 1%, the pressure compensation behavior of the film is considerably restricted and can only be used to a limited extent, while above approximately 25% the mechanical stability of the film is endangered. Especially when using metals such as aluminum or stainless steel, the upper areas of the free area are perfectly acceptable, while the lower limit values are more important for plastics. However, it is generally pointed out that this criterion results from area-wide tests, so that there is no absolute restriction on material and perforation area. In general, open areas between about 5 and 10% of the total surface area of the film are preferred.
- each hole i.e. whose diameter, ranges between 0.01 and 1 mm and is u. a. also according to the mechanical strength of the film material.
- the number of perforations per unit area is generally greater than in comparison with perforations of large diameter or opening cross section.
- the arrangement of the perforation or perforation is in general and preferably statistical, i. H. there is an even distribution over the entire surface facing the protective layer.
- the geometrical shape of the perforations can be of any type, although a circular habit is preferred for reasons of simple manufacture (drilling or punching). However, other shapes such as cones, squares, rectangles, polygons, slots, etc. are also suitable.
- the simplest form of the perforated film can occasionally also be formed by a fabric, the mesh size of which determines the free area that allows the passage of volatile components from the concrete.
- the perforations or perforations in the film have a further, not inconsiderable advantage, which consists in the fact that in the area of the perforations, hot bitumen from the overlying protective layer into the film and / or can penetrate from the welding path into the overlying protective layer and, after cooling, leads to a highly stable anchoring between the protective layer on the one hand and concrete on the other hand, the foil itself in its position tion is consolidated so that there is a continuous stabilization of the entire surface.
- a further advantage particularly with regard to the stability and the cohesion of the covering, are the fragments remaining when punching out or pressing out the perforations from the film material and still connected to the film surface, the ends of which, like a grater, after application of the mastic asphalt Protective layer protrude into the mastic asphalt (protective layer).
- Such upward fragments at the edge of the perforations not only lead to a directed passage of the volatile components from the concrete through the perforations, they also form an additional anchoring of the foil, which in this case is made in particular of metal, in the protective layer.
- the hitherto customary construction of a bituminous covering for superstructures made of concrete initially consists of the top layer (a) made of poured asphalt or asphalt concrete, followed by the protective layer (b), preferably also made of poured asphalt, which can also serve as a seal at the same time, the sealing layer, preferably made of asphalt mastic (c), a separating layer (d) made of raw glass fleece and then the concrete (e) of the bridge board.
- This version does not use a foil-containing (metal or plastic) sealing layer.
- the top and protective layers (a, b) correspond to the known structure.
- a bitumen welding sheet (f) with laminated aluminum foil the welding sheet (f) possibly being glued to the concrete of the bridge board (e) over a full coat.
- the aluminum foil provides a perfect seal.
- the aluminum foil is structured, e.g. is designed as a corrugated or knobbed film. A passage of pressure-increasing gases and vapors through the welding path remains blocked.
- FIG. 2a shows a first embodiment of the covering structure according to the invention.
- the top and protective layers (a, b) are again largely identical to the corresponding layers according to FIGS. 1a and 1b.
- the sealing layer or welding track (g) is provided with a film covering which has a statistically distributed perforation (j).
- this is an unstructured film, plate or tape, e.g. made of aluminum, stainless steel or plastic, the statistical hole distribution of e.g. Embossing, punching or drilling was obtained.
- the sealing layer or welding track (g) lies on the concrete (e) with the application of a primer (h) made of bituminous adhesive or a plastic adhesive over the entire surface.
- FIG. 2b shows the structure according to the invention of a covering with structured film (j) and additional separating layer (k) made of raw glass fleece.
- the film (j) in the special case made of aluminum or stainless steel, is constructed in the manner of a corrugation or knot, in which the perforations are provided exclusively in the elevations or knot surfaces.
- FIGS. 1 a, 1 b, 2 a and 2 b only show the covering structure schematically, i. That means that both material from the protective layer (b) and from the raw glass fleece (k) intervene in existing empty spaces above or below layers.
- FIG. 3a The simplest form of the perforated or perforated film is shown in FIG. 3a. This is a flat, non-structured surface (j) with statistically distributed perforations, mainly of the same diameter.
- the perforation can also have other geometric shapes and e.g. be conical with taper upwards.
- FIG. 3d A structured, perforated film according to the invention is shown in FIG. 3d.
- This is a corrugated or dimpled sheet, the uppermost surface areas have the perforation (1) according to the invention.
- the perforation is not limited to the flat or horizontal areas of the knobs (3), it can also be carried out - alone or in addition - in the inclined surfaces as long as they are in the space above the film (j), i.e. in the direction of the protective layer (b) - see FIG. 2b - opens out.
- dimpled sheets of this type are not bound to the geometry of FIG. 3d.
- the upstanding knobs (3) can be larger or smaller than the remaining floor areas. Knobs of different sizes can also alternate with one another distributed over the film surface.
- the anchoring effect of the perforations is particularly apparent from FIGS. 4 and 5.
- Liquid bitumen (4) reaches as a welding track (g) with metal foil (j) and raw glass fleece (k) (or another carrier insert, such as glass mesh or polyester fleece), which is connected to the concrete (e) via a primer coat (h). from the protective layer (b) into the perforations (1) of the film (j) and fills the perforations (4 ').
- the bitumen can also penetrate into the fleece (k) or another suitable carrier insert (4 "), so that a continuous anchoring between the protective layer (b) and concrete (e) after the bitumen (4, 4 ', 4 ") given is. Since the cooling process of the bitumen takes place with a time delay, the evaporating volatile constituents in the concrete are given sufficient opportunity to escape before the bitumen solidifies.
- This anchoring process is intensified if, as shown schematically in FIG. 5, the fragments discussed above in connection with FIG. 3c are retained at the edge of the perforation.
- These material fragments (2) form an upward and / or downward exit for the volatile constituents in the concrete and ensure additional, particularly firm anchoring of the film and thus of the entire sealing layer.
- FIG. 6 shows a particularly advantageous embodiment of the corrugated or nubbed sheets according to the invention as part of the sealing layer, in particular if this is designed as a welding sheet.
- any geometric shapes can be formed, which are based on parallel to FIG. 6b of parallel corrugations or, according to FIG. 6a, are made up of knobs arranged offset to one another.
- the perforations (1) are not bound to the uppermost (flat or horizontal) surfaces. They can also be provided in the side surfaces (5, 5a, 5b) and e.g. be designed as slots.
- the anchoring can also be seen from FIG. 6; process of liquid bitumen penetrating through the perforations (1). This not only fills the gaps (7) - partly as mastic asphalt from the protective layer (b) - it also penetrates into the possibly lower hollow areas (6) of the dimpled sheet (j) and thus conveys the overall effect, such as it was dealt with above with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. Of course, mutual effects occur in films with bituminous welding sheets.
- the use of the covering structure according to the invention for concrete (bridges) made of perforated or perforated metal or plastic film in the area of the sealing layer (asphalt mastic plus (if necessary) glass fleece and film) is absolutely reliable over a long period of time and has eliminated all previously known disadvantages of such coverings.
- the surface is absolutely firm.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
- Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP84112586A EP0178345B1 (fr) | 1984-10-18 | 1984-10-18 | Revêtement pour ponts à tabliers, en béton précontraint, armé ou composite |
| AT84112586T ATE41038T1 (de) | 1984-10-18 | 1984-10-18 | Belag fuer bruecken mit ueberbau aus spann-, stahl- oder verbundbeton. |
| DE8484112586T DE3476902D1 (en) | 1984-10-18 | 1984-10-18 | Surfacing for bridges with prestressed, reinforced or composite concrete decks |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP84112586A EP0178345B1 (fr) | 1984-10-18 | 1984-10-18 | Revêtement pour ponts à tabliers, en béton précontraint, armé ou composite |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0178345A1 EP0178345A1 (fr) | 1986-04-23 |
| EP0178345B1 true EP0178345B1 (fr) | 1989-03-01 |
Family
ID=8192228
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP84112586A Expired EP0178345B1 (fr) | 1984-10-18 | 1984-10-18 | Revêtement pour ponts à tabliers, en béton précontraint, armé ou composite |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0178345B1 (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE41038T1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE3476902D1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109488309A (zh) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-03-19 | 中国水利水电第七工程局有限公司 | 高地应力、玄武岩地下厂房洞室施工方法 |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2643399B1 (fr) * | 1989-02-23 | 1991-06-14 | Colas Sa | Procede d'obtention d'une structure d'etancheite composite pour tabliers d'ouvrages d'art et structure correspondante |
| FR2645886B1 (fr) * | 1989-04-17 | 1991-06-21 | Viafrance Sa | Procede de realisation de joints de chaussee |
| DE29704997U1 (de) * | 1997-03-19 | 1998-07-16 | Dr. Kohl GmbH & Cie, Dachbelag- und Bautenschutzmittel-Fabrik, 46282 Dorsten | Vorrichtung zur Abdichtung von Betonsohlen gegen aufsteigende Feuchtigkeit |
| FR2780740B1 (fr) * | 1998-07-06 | 2000-09-29 | Daniel Doligez | Complexe anti-humidite de grille de fibres et de film plastique, pour les asphaltes appliques en independance sur des supports de type trottoirs, toitures |
| DK200301947A (da) * | 2003-12-30 | 2004-01-09 | Thygesen Soeren | Fremgangsmåde til udførelse af kørebaneudskiftning på navnlig et vejbro-jernbetondæk |
| CN114214931A (zh) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-03-22 | 山西省交通建设工程质量检测中心(有限公司) | 一种具有刚性预应力结构的桥面铺装方法 |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE441482C (de) * | 1927-03-02 | William Harry Griffiths | Bedachung aus Blech oder Wellblech | |
| CH115056A (de) * | 1925-05-23 | 1926-06-16 | Kaspar Winkler | Dehnbarer, wasserdichter Belag. |
| FR981312A (fr) * | 1948-12-28 | 1951-05-24 | Tocover Soc | Matière plastique armée |
| GB1326894A (en) * | 1969-10-28 | 1973-08-15 | Ruberoid Ltd | Bonding of membranes to substrates |
| AT336666B (de) * | 1973-01-27 | 1977-05-25 | Ruhrkohle Ag | Vorrichtung bei fahrbahnen, insbesondere auf bruckenbauten |
| DE2439573A1 (de) * | 1974-08-17 | 1976-02-26 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Abdichten von bauwerken, insbesondere von bruecken aus stahlbeton |
| DE8336945U1 (de) * | 1983-12-23 | 1984-03-22 | T.I.B.-Chemie Gmbh, 6800 Mannheim | Bitumenschweissbahn |
-
1984
- 1984-10-18 EP EP84112586A patent/EP0178345B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1984-10-18 DE DE8484112586T patent/DE3476902D1/de not_active Expired
- 1984-10-18 AT AT84112586T patent/ATE41038T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109488309A (zh) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-03-19 | 中国水利水电第七工程局有限公司 | 高地应力、玄武岩地下厂房洞室施工方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3476902D1 (en) | 1989-04-06 |
| EP0178345A1 (fr) | 1986-04-23 |
| ATE41038T1 (de) | 1989-03-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19841026 |
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