EP0180657A1 - Brûleur pour combutibles peu volatiles - Google Patents

Brûleur pour combutibles peu volatiles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0180657A1
EP0180657A1 EP84113389A EP84113389A EP0180657A1 EP 0180657 A1 EP0180657 A1 EP 0180657A1 EP 84113389 A EP84113389 A EP 84113389A EP 84113389 A EP84113389 A EP 84113389A EP 0180657 A1 EP0180657 A1 EP 0180657A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
burner
fuel
wall
retort
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84113389A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0180657B1 (fr
Inventor
Ludwig Jörg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to DE19833318387 priority Critical patent/DE3318387A1/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP19840113389 priority patent/EP0180657B1/fr
Priority to AT84113389T priority patent/ATE40588T1/de
Publication of EP0180657A1 publication Critical patent/EP0180657A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0180657B1 publication Critical patent/EP0180657B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C1/00—Combustion apparatus specially adapted for combustion of two or more kinds of fuel simultaneously or alternately, at least one kind of fuel being either a fluid fuel or a solid fuel suspended in a carrier gas or air
    • F23C1/10—Combustion apparatus specially adapted for combustion of two or more kinds of fuel simultaneously or alternately, at least one kind of fuel being either a fluid fuel or a solid fuel suspended in a carrier gas or air liquid and pulverulent fuel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a burner for volatile fuels according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a burner is a device for burning a solid, liquid or gaseous fuel.
  • the fuel is brought together with the air required for combustion in the burner.
  • a number of different methods are possible for this.
  • air and fuel meet in parallel jets at the burner mouth; in the cross flow burner they meet in front of the burner mouth; In the eddy current burner, a good mixing of fuel and air is achieved by swirling.
  • a number of different methods are also known for supplying the fuel.
  • liquid fuel is introduced finely divided under pressure or by a compressed air or steam jet.
  • a coal dust burner finely ground coal dust is blown into the furnace by compressed air.
  • the invention is also based on the finding that burners for gaseous fuels are normally simpler and more precisely controllable and that the combustion is overall more effective.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a burner for volatile (liquid or solid) fuels with which the combustion can be carried out in an environmentally friendly and low-pollutant manner and which can also be regulated easily and easily.
  • the basic idea of the invention is to gasify solid or liquid fuels by supplying heat outside the combustion chamber and to supply only the fuel gases thus generated to the combustion chamber.
  • the gasification is carried out so that the fuel hits a part of the hot outer wall of the combustion chamber, is heated there and the combustible gas is expelled from the fuel.
  • the burner is constructed in such a way that the expediently cylindrical combustion chamber is at least partially surrounded by an annular retort space in which the gasification is to take place.
  • the Brenn opens into the retort room fabric supply line.
  • At least one outlet gap for the exit of the fuel gases formed in the retort chamber leads axially outward from the retort chamber to an air intake and mixing chamber. It has been shown that the suction effect of a chimney through the entire burner is normally sufficient for air intake.
  • An entry gap for the combustible air-gas mixture leads from the mixing chamber to the combustion chamber. The mixture is burned there.
  • the hot exhaust gases exit through a relatively large outlet opening from the combustion chamber in the direction of the chimney and are conducted via a heat exchanger, for example a boiler, to utilize the heat of combustion.
  • the combustion chamber consists of an inner cylinder with annular flanges protruding radially on both end faces. Another outer cylinder lies between these ring flanges, so that a retort space is created which is delimited by the outer wall of the inner cylinder, the inner wall of the outer cylinder and the two ring flanges.
  • one or two exit gaps for the exit of the fuel gas are structurally simple as a circumferential column formed between the outer and inner cylinders or the outer cylinder and the ring flanges. The gap widths can be easily changed for a basic setting or a power control by mutually moving the cylinders.
  • the cylindrical shape of the combustion chamber and the retort space is the most recognized design, both in terms of production technology and of the distribution of the fuel.
  • the effect according to the invention is always achieved when a retort space for the gasification is attached directly to the outer combustion chamber jacket, in a heat-transferring manner, regardless of the special shape.
  • the air intake for air preheating over already warm parts in the burner or on the heat exchanger is advantageously performed, whereby the mixing and firing is more effective.
  • the fuel supply line is expediently guided from above into the retort space.
  • Liquid fuels run off the hot cylinder outer wall of the combustion chamber and are thus distributed for fast and effective gasification. Liquid fuel can, however, also be injected into the retort space under pressure using a pump, possibly also atomized.
  • the supply is also conveniently from above, so that the fuel is transported into the retort space by gravity.
  • Solid fuel is expediently charged in batches, with the inflow port or the fuel storage chamber being closed again after each loading in order to avoid incorrect air or gas leakage, which can be done automatically with an automatic loading.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment is characterized in claim 5.
  • the inner cylinder or the outer chamber of the combustion chamber is designed to be rotatable. As a result, hot surface areas of the combustion chamber outer jacket are continuously moved into the area of the fuel supply and the gasification point, so that effective gasification and a more uniform temperature load can be achieved.
  • the combustion chamber is expediently open at the ends of the inner cylinder, one side being connected to the heat exchanger and the chimney as an exhaust opening. On the other hand, the other side is covered at a distance from a wall that is also the outer wall of the mixing chamber. This creates an entry gap for the combustible gas-air mixture to the combustion chamber. By means of a relative displacement of the combustion chamber cylinder or the cover wall, this inlet gap can easily be adjusted continuously, whereby a continuous, quickly responsive power control is achieved, as claimed in claim 6.
  • the inner cylinder is designed to be rotatable, whereby the advantages mentioned in connection with claim 5 are achieved.
  • a scraper or a milling cutter is attached to the outside of the rotatable inner cylinder, which removes stuck fuel residues which accumulate during gasification.
  • a pipe and a waste container is attached under the scraper, into which the residues fall. The waste bin must be emptied occasionally.
  • a scraper can also be used as the lower limit of the filling chute.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 show a burner 1 which contains a cylindrical combustion chamber 2 which is delimited by an inner cylinder 3. From the inner cylinder 3 ring flanges 4 and 5 protrude radially outwards on both end faces. A further outer cylinder 6 is arranged between the ring flanges 4, 5 at a distance from the inner cylinder 3, so that a retort space 7 is formed between the inner and outer cylinders 3, 6 and the ring flanges 4, 5.
  • the inner cylinder 3 is fastened to a spoke rim 10, which in turn is connected to a shaft 11.
  • the shaft 11 is held on one side in a bearing bush 12 and is guided to a rotary drive (not shown).
  • the combustion chamber 2 and the retort chamber 7 are surrounded by a further cylindrical housing 13, which forms the air intake and mixing chamber 14.
  • a further cylindrical housing 13 which forms the air intake and mixing chamber 14.
  • the cylindrical outer housing 15 On the very outside is the cylindrical outer housing 15, with which the burner is fastened, for example, to a boiler.
  • a fuel supply line 18 (for liquid fuel) leads to the retort space 7 from the outside of the burner 1.
  • the other side of the combustion chamber 2 (left side in FIG. 2) is open over the entire cylinder diameter as an outlet opening 19 for exhaust gases.
  • the combustion chamber 2 is followed by a cylindrical connection piece 20, which is connected to the downstream heat exchanger, for example a boiler 21 leads.
  • An air gap 22 is left between the inner cylinder 3 and the nozzle 20. The width of this air gap 22 can be changed and adjusted with the aid of a sleeve 23 attached to the cylindrical connection piece 20.
  • a filler shaft 24 for solid fuel is also shown, which is vertically offset from the center (to the left).
  • the filling shaft '24 is covered by a lid 25th
  • the filler shaft is bounded at the bottom by an obliquely positioned scraper 26, which bears against the outside of the inner cylinder 3 (combustion chamber jacket 27). Below the scraper 26 there is a vertical pipe or a shaft 28 which is connected to an emptied waste container 29.
  • the burner 1 shown has the following function: In the stationary case, d. H. when the burner 1 has been ignited by means known per se, a suction is generated by the chimney (not shown) connected to the boiler 21, which draws air into the mixing chamber 14 via the annular inlet opening 30 along the arrows drawn from there. At the same time, when operating with liquid fuel, it is passed through the fuel supply line 18 into the retort space 7. Due to the already started combustion in the combustion chamber 2, the inner cylinder 3 or the combustion chamber jacket 27 is so hot that the liquid fuel 18 largely gasifies. The gas flows out of the annular outlet gaps 8, 9 into the mixing chamber 14. The exit gap width or which of the exit gaps 8, 9 is open can be adjusted by axially displacing the inner cylinder 3.
  • the fuel gas mixes with the air flowing past and passes through the entry gap 17 into the combustion chamber 2, where the combustion takes place.
  • the width of the entry gap 17 can also be adjusted by moving the wall 16. On the one hand, this is necessary to ensure that the combustion does not already take place in the mixing chamber 14; on the other hand, the gap width selection (within certain limits) enables continuous power control.
  • the hot exhaust gases then reach the exhaust gas outlet opening 19 via the adjustable air gap 22, and air is additionally drawn in directly from the mixing chamber 14 in this area. If there are still unburned or partially burned gas residues in the exhaust gas from the combustion chamber 2, they are still burned in the nozzle 20.
  • the second embodiment of a burner 1 according to FIGS. 3 and 4 differs only by a few essentially structural changes, so that the same reference numerals are used for the essentially identical parts.
  • the shaft 11, the ring of spokes 10, the ring flanges 4, 5 and the inner cylinder 3 are not a one-piece component, but louder assembled and mutually braced components which engage in grooves and thus a torque-transmitting connection form. Engagement grooves can be seen, for example, at points 33, 34, 35.
  • the clamping sleeve 36 pushed onto the shaft 11 is by suitable, known means, such as nuts, split pin, ect. secured.
  • the aforementioned assembled individual parts are made of ceramic material.
  • the function of the second embodiment of the burner 1 corresponds to the first embodiment.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
EP19840113389 1983-05-20 1984-11-07 Brûleur pour combutibles peu volatiles Expired EP0180657B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19833318387 DE3318387A1 (de) 1983-05-20 1983-05-20 Brenner fuer schwer fluechtige brennstoffe
EP19840113389 EP0180657B1 (fr) 1983-05-20 1984-11-07 Brûleur pour combutibles peu volatiles
AT84113389T ATE40588T1 (de) 1984-11-07 1984-11-07 Brenner fuer schwer fluechtige brennstoffe.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19833318387 DE3318387A1 (de) 1983-05-20 1983-05-20 Brenner fuer schwer fluechtige brennstoffe
EP19840113389 EP0180657B1 (fr) 1983-05-20 1984-11-07 Brûleur pour combutibles peu volatiles

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0180657A1 true EP0180657A1 (fr) 1986-05-14
EP0180657B1 EP0180657B1 (fr) 1989-02-01

Family

ID=25810906

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19840113389 Expired EP0180657B1 (fr) 1983-05-20 1984-11-07 Brûleur pour combutibles peu volatiles

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0180657B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3318387A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191002739A (en) * 1910-02-03 1910-07-28 George Tansley Fairbrother Improvements in or relating to Apparatus for the Production of Carburetted Air.
CH177744A (de) * 1933-09-23 1935-06-15 Graber Eduard Brenner für flüssige Brennstoffe.
DE2807922A1 (de) * 1974-11-12 1979-08-30 Anton Lurz Verdampferbrenner

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE636448C (de) * 1934-07-11 1936-10-09 Jakob Reichard Heizbrenner
CA1060332A (fr) * 1976-05-29 1979-08-14 Dowa Co. Bruleur a combustible liquide gazeifie

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191002739A (en) * 1910-02-03 1910-07-28 George Tansley Fairbrother Improvements in or relating to Apparatus for the Production of Carburetted Air.
CH177744A (de) * 1933-09-23 1935-06-15 Graber Eduard Brenner für flüssige Brennstoffe.
DE2807922A1 (de) * 1974-11-12 1979-08-30 Anton Lurz Verdampferbrenner

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3318387C2 (fr) 1988-04-21
EP0180657B1 (fr) 1989-02-01
DE3318387A1 (de) 1984-11-22

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