EP0182404B1 - Procédé de fabrication de boulettes contenant du charbon pour la gazéification - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication de boulettes contenant du charbon pour la gazéification Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0182404B1
EP0182404B1 EP85201686A EP85201686A EP0182404B1 EP 0182404 B1 EP0182404 B1 EP 0182404B1 EP 85201686 A EP85201686 A EP 85201686A EP 85201686 A EP85201686 A EP 85201686A EP 0182404 B1 EP0182404 B1 EP 0182404B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pellets
weight
fine
process according
coal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85201686A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0182404A2 (fr
EP0182404A3 (en
Inventor
Dieter Dr. Sauter
Udo Dr. Zentner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GEA Group AG
Original Assignee
Metallgesellschaft AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Metallgesellschaft AG filed Critical Metallgesellschaft AG
Publication of EP0182404A2 publication Critical patent/EP0182404A2/fr
Publication of EP0182404A3 publication Critical patent/EP0182404A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0182404B1 publication Critical patent/EP0182404B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/06—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting
    • C10L5/10—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders
    • C10L5/12—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders with inorganic binders
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/30—Fuel charging devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/78—High-pressure apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/04—Raw material of mineral origin to be used; Pretreatment thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093—Coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0969—Carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
    • C10J2300/0976—Water as steam

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for gasifying coal-containing pellets in a reactor in the pressure range from 5 to 150 bar with oxygen, water vapor and / or carbon dioxide as the gasifying agent, the pellets being placed in the reactor on a fixed bed which slowly moves down into the the gasification agents are introduced from below and the mineral components are removed as solid ash or liquid slag.
  • the invention has for its object to produce carbon-containing pellets in a simple manner, which can be gasified alone or together with granular fuel in a fixed bed. It is important that the pellets do not disintegrate during transport to the gasification reactor, even if a long transport path is necessary. Furthermore, the pellets in the reactor should have good gasification behavior and should not give rise to disruptions to the gasification operation. In the process mentioned at the outset, this is achieved according to the invention in that only fine-grained hard coal of a grain size of less than 1 mm with a fine grain content with grain sizes of at most 2 mm of 3 to 10% by weight and a share of 70 to 80% by weight is used to produce the pellets.
  • Mm micrometer - 10 B meter.
  • the coals to be used for the pellets are hard coals of classes 0 to 9 according to DIN 23 003, which according to ASTM correspond to the coals of the classes "high volatile C-bituminous" to "anthracite". Fine-grained hard coal with grain sizes below 0.35 mm is preferably used.
  • the various bentonites e.g. B. natural Na bentonite, activated Ca bentonite and bentonite-rich raw clays.
  • the bentonite binder can either be placed together with the coal in a grinding plant or added to the ground hard coal in a mixer.
  • the coal and the bentonite if appropriate also together with a flux, are allowed to undergo a grinding process together, since a very homogeneous distribution of the binder is achieved in this way.
  • Fine-grain flux especially lime, can be useful if you want to lower the melting temperature of the coal ash.
  • the mixture to be pelletized contains the flux in a proportion of 2 to 15% by weight.
  • the bentonite also has the option of absorbing water and swelling it.
  • pelletizing plates water being used as the pelleting liquid.
  • a pelletizing plate z. B. a rotary tube can also be used. It is expedient to produce pellets with a diameter in the range from 6 to 25 mm and preferably in the range from 8 to 20 mm.
  • the finished pellets usually have a water content in the range from 15 to 25% by weight, this water content being primarily a function of the carbon substance and not or hardly dependent on the bentonite content.
  • these still moist pellets which usually have a plastic behavior, fully meet the requirements of a dust-free, mechanical handling during transport, handling and filling into the gasification reactor. This plastic behavior of the pellets is only achieved with bentonite as a binder and does not appear as a binder with other clay-mineral coal components such as illite-containing filter sludges.
  • the fine grain fraction with grain sizes up to a maximum of 4 mm 7 to 15% by weight and the fine fraction up to a maximum of 2 mm 4 to 8% by weight in the hard coal to be pelletized is preferred. It is expedient to use hard coal with an ash content of at least 10% by weight; the ash content of the hard coal is preferably in the range from 15 to 40% by weight.
  • the moist, plastic pellets can be added to the fixed bed gasification as the sole fuel. However, it is of course also possible to gasify the pellets together with granular coal with grain sizes in the range from 3 to 60 mm.
  • a weakly baking German gas charcoal in the form of cork-kneaded filter sludge (ash content 31% by weight, moisture 2.5% by weight, puff size - 1) is in the ground state with grain sizes below 0.5 mm with 40 g bentonite per kg coal ( calculated anhydrous) and the mixture adjusted to about 12 wt .-% water content.
  • the filter sludge contains a particle size up to a maximum of 2 ⁇ m of 7% by weight, a fraction up to 4 ⁇ m of 12% by weight and a fraction up to a maximum of 63 ⁇ m of 78% by weight.
  • the mixture is formed into pellets of 8 to 16 mm in diameter on a pelletizing plate while spraying with water.
  • the moisture content of the pellets is 17.9% by weight, the pellets have diameters in the range from 12.5 to 16 mm and breaking strengths in the range from 25 to 32 N.
  • the pellets are subjected to the envelope test described, with less than 0. 1% by weight of abrasion in the form of fine grain below 1 mm.
  • a non-baking, young gas coal from South Africa with 22% by weight ash and 5.3% moisture was ground to a grain size of less than 0.315 mm, the grain fraction up to a maximum of 2 mm 4 weight%, the proportion up to a maximum of 4 mm 10 wt .-% and the grain content up to a maximum of 63 Hm 71 wt .-%.
  • This ground coal is mixed with 50 g bentonite per kg coal (calculated as anhydrous) and then moistened with water. The mixture is fed to a pelletizing plate and shaped into pellets with the addition of water.
  • the pellets have a moisture content of 21.4% by weight, they have a diameter of 12.5 to 16 mm and an average strength of 35 N.
  • the pellets are subjected to the envelope test described, only 0.9% by weight. % Abrasion occurs in the form of fine grain with a grain size below 1 mm.
  • 50 t of the moist, not dried pellets are gasified in the gasification reactor already used for example 1 at a pressure of 25 bar.
  • the gasification runs without disturbances, the ashes can be easily removed and the results of the gasification correspond to those of granular coal.
  • the wet pellets were transported over a distance of 250 km in a railway wagon for bulk goods.
  • the pellets are unloaded into a deep bunker with clearing arm and then transported via rubber conveyor belts, screening machine, bucket elevator and scraper conveyor belt without any problems and completely dust-free.
  • the formation of fine grain smaller than 3 mm is relatively small and essentially limited to the area of the clearing arm in the deep bunker.
  • the further path of the pellets from the bunker via the weighing container, the lock and the coal distributor to the fixed bed of the gasification reactor is carried out without difficulty and without abrasion.
  • a non-baking lean coal with 25% by weight ash and 1.8% by weight moisture is ground to a grain size of less than 0.315 mm and mixed intensively with 40 g bentonite per kg coal (calculated anhydrous).
  • the ground coal has a grain fraction up to a maximum of 2 mm of 6% by weight, a fraction up to a maximum of 4 mm of 11% by weight and a fraction up to a maximum of 63 mm of 74% by weight.
  • the mixture is moistened and pellets of 8 to 20 mm in diameter are produced on a pelletizing plate when water is added.
  • the pellets have a moisture content of 18.7% by weight and a diameter in the range from 12.5 to 16 mm.
  • the average breaking strength of the pellets is 22 N. 400 kg of these pellets are subjected to the envelope test, which in turn produces only the smallest amounts of abrasion with grain sizes below 1 mm.
  • the pellets are first dried, with an average breaking strength of 70 N.
  • the strength values of the pellets practically do not change, so that they are fully suitable as feed for fixed bed gasification.
  • a non-baking, charcoal charcoal with 11 wt .-% ash and 1.8 wt .-% moisture is ground in a known manner.
  • the finest fractions of the ground coal are lower than usual for other, high-ash coal, because the grain fraction up to a maximum of 4 mm is 6% by weight, the grain fraction up to a maximum of 2 mm is 2.1% by weight, and the fraction up to a maximum 63 mm amounts to 68% by weight.
  • moist pellets are produced with 4% by weight of bentonite as a binder, the pellets having a water content of 21% by weight and an average breaking strength of 17 N.
  • the pellets are not plastically deformable and break in the event of a fall from a greater height, even slight tensile or shear stresses lead to disintegration; the pellets behave similarly to dried pellets.
  • the grain fraction can be increased from at most 4 ⁇ m to 9.3% by weight, the fraction from at most 2 ⁇ m to 3.6% by weight and the fraction from at most 63 ⁇ m to 77% by weight.
  • this coal with 4% by weight bentonite is used to produce pellets with a diameter of 12.5 to 16 mm and 19.2% by weight moisture. They have an average breaking strength of 19 N. The pellets clearly show plastic properties and at the same time a denser structure and are therefore fully transportable.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Procédé de gazéification de boulettes carbonées dans un réacteur, dans la plage de pression de 5 à 150 bar, par de l'oxygène, de la vapeur d'eau et/ou du dioxyde de carbone comme agent de gazéification, les boulettes étant chargées dans le réacteur sur un lit solide qui se déplace lentement vers le bas, dans lequel on introduit l'agent de gazéification par le bas, et en-dessous duquel les constituants minéraux sont soutirés sous forme de cendres solides ou de scories liquides, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à n'utiliser, pour la fabrication des boulettes, que de la houille à grains fins d'une granulométrie inférieure à 1 mm ayant une proportion de grains fins de granulométrie atteignant au plus 2 microns de 3 à 10 % en poids et une proportion de 70 à 80 % en poids d'une granulométrie atteignant au plus 63 microns, à mélanger la houille à grains fins à de la bentonite de manière que le mélange ait une teneur en bentonite de 1 à 8 % en poids, à former, à partir du mélange et avec addition d'eau, des boulettes ayant une teneur en eau de 15 à 25 % en poids, et à charger, dans le lit solide, les boulettes pour la gazéification à l'état humide et plastique sans séchage.
2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la houille à grains fins a une proportion de grains fins atteignant au plus 4 microns, de 7 à 18 % en poids.
3. Procédé suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la houille à grains fins n'a des granulométries que de 0,35 mm au plus.
4. Procédé suivant la revendication 1 ou l'une des suivantes, caractérisé en ce que les boulettes ont des diamètres compris entre 6 et 25 mm.
5. Procédé suivant la revendication 1 ou l'une des suivantes, caractérisé en ce que la proportion de grains fins ayant des granulométries atteignant au plus 2 microns de la houille à grains fins est comprise entre 4 et 8 % en poids.
6. Procédé suivant la revendication 1 ou l'une des suivantes, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à mélanger la houille à grains fins à de la bentonite lors du broyage.
7. Procédé suivant la revendication 1 ou l'une des suivantes, caractérisé en ce que la teneur en cendres de la houille s'élève à au moins 10 % en poids.
8. Procédé suivant la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la teneur en cendres de la houille est comprise entre 15 et 40 % en poids.
9. Procédé suivant la revendication 1 ou l'une des suivantes, caractérisé en ce que le mélange à bouleter contient, pour diminuer la température des cendres fondues, un flux à grains fins, notamment de la chaux, en une proportion de 2 à 15 % en poids.
10. Procédé suivant la revendication 1 ou l'une des suivantes, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à charger, dans le lit solide, les boulettes en même temps que du charbon en grains dont les granulométries sont comprises entre 3 et 60 mm.
EP85201686A 1984-11-15 1985-10-15 Procédé de fabrication de boulettes contenant du charbon pour la gazéification Expired EP0182404B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3441757 1984-11-15
DE3441757A DE3441757A1 (de) 1984-11-15 1984-11-15 Verfahren zum herstellen kohlehaltiger pellets fuer die vergasung

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0182404A2 EP0182404A2 (fr) 1986-05-28
EP0182404A3 EP0182404A3 (en) 1987-01-21
EP0182404B1 true EP0182404B1 (fr) 1989-04-19

Family

ID=6250371

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85201686A Expired EP0182404B1 (fr) 1984-11-15 1985-10-15 Procédé de fabrication de boulettes contenant du charbon pour la gazéification

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4773919A (fr)
EP (1) EP0182404B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS61171794A (fr)
AU (1) AU575445B2 (fr)
DE (2) DE3441757A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA858788B (fr)

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GB2343678B (en) * 1998-11-16 2002-12-11 Meirion Thomas Evans Agglomerate production
MXPA06010237A (es) * 2004-03-11 2007-04-23 Sasol Tech Pty Ltd Gasificacion de material carbonoso.
CN100360647C (zh) * 2005-11-21 2008-01-09 上海元宝能源技术有限公司 水煤气发生炉用气化型煤
US8408148B2 (en) * 2006-03-31 2013-04-02 Atlantic Combustion Technologies Inc. Increasing the efficiency of combustion processes
JP2008248068A (ja) * 2007-03-30 2008-10-16 Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd 廃棄物のガス化方法
JP5745288B2 (ja) * 2011-02-22 2015-07-08 新日鉄住金エンジニアリング株式会社 石炭ガス化装置における石炭ガス化方法
AP2014007913A0 (en) 2012-02-13 2014-09-30 Air Liquide Process and device for fixed-bed pressure gasification of solid fuels
US9816040B2 (en) * 2012-09-10 2017-11-14 Phillips 66 Company Increasing stability of a pyrolysis product

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DE3333870A1 (de) * 1983-09-20 1985-03-28 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Verfahren zum betreiben eines reaktors zum vergasen fester brennstoffe

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3569567D1 (en) 1989-05-24
ZA858788B (en) 1987-07-29
US4773919A (en) 1988-09-27
EP0182404A2 (fr) 1986-05-28
EP0182404A3 (en) 1987-01-21
AU4992585A (en) 1986-05-22
DE3441757A1 (de) 1986-05-15
AU575445B2 (en) 1988-07-28
JPS61171794A (ja) 1986-08-02

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