EP0182403A2 - Procédé de fabrication de boulettes contenant du lignite pour la gazéification - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication de boulettes contenant du lignite pour la gazéification Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0182403A2
EP0182403A2 EP85201685A EP85201685A EP0182403A2 EP 0182403 A2 EP0182403 A2 EP 0182403A2 EP 85201685 A EP85201685 A EP 85201685A EP 85201685 A EP85201685 A EP 85201685A EP 0182403 A2 EP0182403 A2 EP 0182403A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pellets
weight
water
dried
mixture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP85201685A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0182403A3 (fr
Inventor
Dieter Dr. Sauter
Udo Dr. Zentner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GEA Group AG
Original Assignee
Metallgesellschaft AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Metallgesellschaft AG filed Critical Metallgesellschaft AG
Publication of EP0182403A2 publication Critical patent/EP0182403A2/fr
Publication of EP0182403A3 publication Critical patent/EP0182403A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/22—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues
    • C10J3/24—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed
    • C10J3/26—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed downwardly
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/78—High-pressure apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
    • C10J2300/0906—Physical processes, e.g. shredding, comminuting, chopping, sorting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
    • C10J2300/0909—Drying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093—Coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0969—Carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
    • C10J2300/0976—Water as steam

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for producing solid, fine-grained fuel-containing pellets for gasification in a reactor in the pressure range from 5 to 150 bar with oxygen, water vapor and / or carbon dioxide as the gasifying agent, the pellets being placed in the reactor on a fixed bed slowly moves downwards into which the gasifying agents are introduced and from which the mineral components are extracted as solid ash or liquid slag.
  • Carbon-containing pellets for gasification in a fixed bed are known from German Offenlegungsschriften 28 51 370 and 28 53 389 and European patent 10 792.
  • the gasification of granular coal in a fixed bed is shown, for example, in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 4th edition (1977) volume 14, pages 383 to 386. Details of the gasification process with fixed ash can be found in US Pat. Nos. 3,540,867 and 3,854,895 and in German Offenlegungsschrift No. 2,201,278.
  • the gasification variant with the removal of liquid slag is in the British Patents 1,507,905, 1,508,671 and 1,512,677.
  • granular fuel with a grain size approximately in the range from 3 to 60 mm is preferably added to the gasification reactor.
  • the invention has for its object to produce molded articles for gasification in a simple and economical manner. These moldings should have sufficient shape and structure stability to withstand the requirements of mechanical handling, such as handling, transporting and falling, as well as the thermal processes occurring in the gasification. According to the invention, this is achieved by producing a mixture to be pelletized, the proportion of fine-grained fuel consisting of at least 80% by weight of hard brown coal, the hard brown coal having a grain size of at most 1 mm, that the mixture to be pelletized has a water and moisture content from 10 to 25% by weight and a bentonite content from 4 to 10% by weight, that moist pellets are formed from the mixture with the addition of water as the pelletizing liquid, which have a water and moisture content of 25 to 35% by weight , and that the moist pellets are dried in a steam-rich atmosphere, the core of the pellets being heated to at least 90 ° C. before the pellets lose a tenth or more of their water content, and the dried pellets have a water and moisture content of
  • the moist pellets initially obtained after shaping with their water and moisture content of 25 to 35% by weight show a plastic behavior and show no tendency to disintegrate when handled and transported. When heated, however, they do not have sufficient pyrolysis resistance, which means that they would disintegrate in the upper region of the fixed gasification bed in the reactor. Under The conditions that prevail there at gas temperatures of about 350 to 600 ° C cause the pellets to loosen to such an extent that they mostly break down into fine grain and dust. If the moist pellets coming from the pelletizing are subjected to drying with purge gas outside the reactor, for example on a drying belt, the pellets, which mainly consist of brown coal, lose so much strength that they then disintegrate during transport.
  • bentonite-B can be raunkohlepellets converted to microstructure solid dry pellets when keeping the pellets during drying in a steam rich atmosphere and ensures that also the core of the pellets is heated to at least 90 ° C before the actual Drying process begins. Temperatures can thus be reached inside the pellets as close as possible to the boiling point of the water before significant evaporation or evaporation of water occurs. This avoids a strong moisture and temperature gradient between the surface and the core of a pellet, which results in a high structural strength in the dried pellet.
  • the pellets are preferably dried in such a way that there is an almost water vapor-saturated atmosphere in their immediate surroundings. This can be achieved on the one hand by keeping the moist pellets covered in a bed of hot granular solids, which have temperatures of about 150 to 300 ° C., while the pellets are being dried. Such a bed of hot solids, Z .B. can be realized by a sand bed. Another option is to dry superheated steam at temperatures of around 110 to To use at 180 ° C. The dried pellets have a water and moisture content of at most 4% by weight.
  • the hard lignite in the mixture to be pelletized expediently has a grain size of at most 0.5 mm and a fine grain fraction of up to at most 0.063 mm of 60 to 80% by weight.
  • the hard lignites to be used are preferably those of the class numbers 10 to 12 of the international classification for lignites. Freshly extracted, these lignites have a total moisture content (calculated as ash-free) of at most 40% by weight.
  • the fuel content in the pellet preferably consists only of hard lignite, without the use of another carbon-containing component.
  • Common bentonites e.g. natural Na bentonites, activated Ca bentonites and also raw clays in question.
  • the bentonite can either be put together with the lignite in a grinding plant or added to the fine-grained lignite later in a mixer. Bentonite and coal are preferably allowed to undergo a grinding process together, since in this way a fine distribution of the binder in the brown coal is achieved.
  • a first moistening is expediently carried out to a water and moisture content of the mixture of 10 to 25% by weight and preferably 12 to 20% by weight.
  • the forming of the pellets takes place as usual by means of a pelleting disk or, for example by means of a D rehrohrs. Water is added as a pelleting liquid.
  • the moist pellets produced in this way have a diameter of approximately 6 to 30 mm and preferably of 8 to 20 mm.
  • a fine-grained flux in particular lime
  • a proportion of 2 to 15% by weight of flux in the mixture to be pelletized is usually set.
  • the pellets with or without flux can not only form the fixed bed of the gasification reactor alone, but they can also be added to the fixed bed together with granular coal with grain sizes in the range from 3 to 60 mm.
  • a hard brown coal from the U.S.A. with 32% by weight ash (calculated as anhydrous) is dried to a moisture content of about 8 to 10% by weight and ground in a ball mill to a grain size of at most 0.315 mm.
  • the brown coal already contains about 17% by weight of montmorillonite, the active component of the bentonites as a binder. A further addition of binder is therefore not necessary.
  • pellets of 8 to 16 mm in diameter are formed on a pelletizing plate while being sprayed with water. The water and moisture content of the pellets is 28% by weight and the breaking strength per pellet is 22 to 35 N.
  • pellets are subjected to the envelope test already explained, with less than 0.2% by weight of fines having grain sizes of at most 1 mm being formed.
  • the pellets are not suitable as a feedstock for gasification in a fixed bed, since they lose their strength very strongly when dried in a heated gas stream, with larger amounts of dust also being generated. After drying in an air stream at a temperature of 150 ° C, the pellets only have a strength of 15 to 25 N. If these pellets are subjected to further drying and smoldering, as they occur in the upper region of the fixed bed of a gasification reactor, the Strength of the pellets further decreased to 10 to 2 N; they are therefore not suitable for gasification.
  • a second batch of the moist pellets is dried in superheated steam at temperatures of 120 ° C and, in another case, of 150 ° C.
  • the dry pellets have a water and moisture content of about 3% by weight and strengths of 60 to 80 N; are sufficiently stable for transport and gasification.
  • a third batch of the moist pellets is dried with a mixture of 70 vol.% Water vapor and 30 vol.% Air at a temperature of 120 ° C; this treatment leads to dry pellets with a water and moisture content of 3% by weight and a strength of 50 to 70 N, which are also suitable for transport and gasification in a fixed bed.
  • a fourth batch of the moist pellets is dried in a sand bed, the weight ratio of pellets to sand being 5:40 and the sand having a temperature of 200 ° C.
  • the sand bed with the pellets is placed in a drying room, which has a temperature of 200 ° C, and left there for two hours.
  • the sand is then sieved hot and the pellets are cooled in a closed vessel.
  • the strength of the pellets thus dried to a water and moisture content of 1% by weight is in the range between 140 and 210 N.
  • the pellets are abrasion-resistant and the turnover test results in an abrasion of less than 0.2% by weight with grain sizes of at most 1 mm.
  • a hard brown coal from Poland with 15% by weight ash (calculated as anhydrous) is dried to a moisture content of 8 to 10% by weight and then ground in a ball mill to a grain size of at most 0.315 mm. Since the coal does not contain any natural binder, an addition of 6% by weight bentonite is necessary.
  • the hard lignite and the bentonite are mixed in a mixer and moistened with water, and pellets with a diameter of 8 to 16 mm are formed on a pelletizing plate.
  • the water and moisture content of the pellets is 29% by weight, their breaking strength is 20 to 30 N.
  • the pellets are transport-proof when moist.
  • a first batch of the pellets is dried in an air stream at a temperature of 150 ° C., the pellets partially breaking down into fragments and dust.
  • the strength of these dried pellets is only 4 to 8 N.
  • An increase in the proportion of binder to 10% by weight and also a reduction in the drying temperature to 60 ° C. only slightly improve the strength values.
  • the pellets are unusable for any use.
  • Another batch of the moist pellets is dried in the sand bed, which has temperatures between 150 and 220 ° C. This creates transportable dry pellets with a water and moisture content of about 1.5% by weight and strengths of 80 to 120 N. A smoldering of these dried pellets under the pressure of 25 bar customary for fixed bed gasification gives coke pellets a strength of 60 to 80 N. The dry pellets are therefore in every respect as input material for the gasification in the fixed bed is suitable.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
EP85201685A 1984-11-15 1985-10-15 Procédé de fabrication de boulettes contenant du lignite pour la gazéification Withdrawn EP0182403A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19843441756 DE3441756A1 (de) 1984-11-15 1984-11-15 Verfahren zum herstellen braunkohlehaltiger pellets fuer die vergasung
DE3441756 1984-11-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0182403A2 true EP0182403A2 (fr) 1986-05-28
EP0182403A3 EP0182403A3 (fr) 1987-01-21

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ID=6250370

Family Applications (1)

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EP85201685A Withdrawn EP0182403A3 (fr) 1984-11-15 1985-10-15 Procédé de fabrication de boulettes contenant du lignite pour la gazéification

Country Status (4)

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EP (1) EP0182403A3 (fr)
JP (1) JPS61171795A (fr)
AU (1) AU575218B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE3441756A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4131242B2 (ja) 2003-01-20 2008-08-13 株式会社デンソー ガスセンサ
JP2008248068A (ja) * 2007-03-30 2008-10-16 Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd 廃棄物のガス化方法
JP5745288B2 (ja) * 2011-02-22 2015-07-08 新日鉄住金エンジニアリング株式会社 石炭ガス化装置における石炭ガス化方法

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2227812C2 (de) * 1972-06-08 1982-07-01 Rheinische Braunkohlenwerke AG, 5000 Köln Verfahren zum Herstellen von Kohle-Pellets
DE2847416A1 (de) * 1978-11-02 1980-05-14 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren zum vergasen feinkoerniger brennstoffe
DE2851370A1 (de) * 1978-11-28 1980-06-04 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren zum vergasen koerniger fester brennstoffe
DE2941301A1 (de) * 1979-10-11 1981-04-23 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Verfahren zur herstellung von kohlebriketts zur vergasung oder schwelung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3441756A1 (de) 1986-05-15
EP0182403A3 (fr) 1987-01-21
JPS61171795A (ja) 1986-08-02
AU4992485A (en) 1986-05-22
AU575218B2 (en) 1988-07-21

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