EP0187730A2 - Fluidized-bed device for continuously separating two mixed solid phases - Google Patents

Fluidized-bed device for continuously separating two mixed solid phases Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0187730A2
EP0187730A2 EP86420003A EP86420003A EP0187730A2 EP 0187730 A2 EP0187730 A2 EP 0187730A2 EP 86420003 A EP86420003 A EP 86420003A EP 86420003 A EP86420003 A EP 86420003A EP 0187730 A2 EP0187730 A2 EP 0187730A2
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Prior art keywords
fluidized
fluidization
vibration
fluidized bed
upper box
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EP86420003A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0187730A3 (en
EP0187730B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Pascal Hanrot
Jacky Volpeliere
André Pitour
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Rio Tinto France SAS
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Aluminium Pechiney SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B4/00—Separating by pneumatic tables or by pneumatic jigs
    • B03B4/02—Separating by pneumatic tables or by pneumatic jigs using swinging or shaking tables
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B11/00—Arrangement of accessories in apparatus for separating solids from solids using gas currents
    • B07B11/06—Feeding or discharging arrangements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/14—Devices for feeding or crust breaking

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for separating, in a fluidized bed, two mixed solid phases, one of which is formed of pulverizable fluidizable materials, while the other is made of non-fluidizable materials under the fluidization conditions of the first.
  • flowable materials are meant all the materials well known to those skilled in the art, being in a pulverulent form and of particle size and cohesion such that the speed of passage of the blown air causes, at low speed, the decohesion of the particles between them and the reduction of the internal friction forces.
  • Such materials are, for example, alumina intended for igneous electrolysis, cements, plasters. lime (quick or slaked), fly ash, calcium fluoride, fillers for rubber; starches, catalysts, coal dust, sodium sulfate, phosphates, pyrophosphates, plastic materials in the form of powder. food products such as milk powder, flours, etc.
  • This device which is proposed for transporting alumina from a storage area up to a consumption area first comprises a primary fluidized bed conveyor, provided with means for supplying and discharging the gas used to permanently fluidize the alumina and maintain said primary conveyor essentially full of fluidized materials, then comprises a plurality of secondary fluidized bed conveyors, provided with the same means for supplying and evacuating the fluidization gas, receiving and transporting pulverulent materials coming from the primary conveyor while maintaining them in the same state permanent fluidization than in the primary conveyor, finally comprises devices for discontinuous supply of pulverulent materials to each electrolysis tank.
  • the object of the invention is therefore a device for separating, in a fluidized bed, two mixed solid phases, one of the phases of which is formed of pulverizable fluidizable materials while the other phase consists of materials which cannot be fluidized under the fluidization conditions. of the first.
  • the means for introducing the mixture of the two solid phases to be separated at regular rate can be placed at any point on the upper face of the device. However, it is desirable that this means is located on the side opposite to the evacuation of the fluidized solid phase.
  • the overflow allowing the fluidized solid phase to be discharged by overflow is provided with a flexible means of connection to the fixed downstream transport circuit. It can be, for example, a corrugated rubber sleeve.
  • a periodic vibration is communicated to the porous fluidization wall.
  • This periodic vibration can be produced by any source known to a person skilled in the art, such as, for example, mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, electromagnetic, etc., controlled for example by a sequential and adjustable time delay means allowing the starting of the vibrating source at regular intervals and for a determined duration.
  • the operating time of the vibrating source is between 1 and 3 minutes at a rate of 2 to 4 times per hour.
  • this vibration must be oriented in the direction of evacuation of the decanted solid phase, that is to say in the opposite direction to that of the fluidized phase; it must also have a vertical component directed upwards therefore a result inclined with respect to the plane of the porous fluidization wall.
  • the axis of vibration preferably passes through the center of gravity of the device, and has an inclination 0 (relative to the vertical which can be set from 0 to 70 * without however that this value constitutes an absolute limit of the invention, values between 20 and 60 * being chosen, in practice, with a preference for a value of 0 (close to 45 °.
  • the non-fluidized phase, or decanted phase, under the effect of the periodic and oriented vibration progresses in the direction opposite to that of the fluidized phase, on the porous wall kept horizontal or substantially horizontal.
  • This horizontality is indeed necessary in order not to modify the homogeneous distribution of the decanted phase on the porous wall and consequently not to disturb the fluidization conditions.
  • a deviation of less than 3 degrees from the horizontal is acceptable.
  • the decanted phase even if it is small, cannot accumulate for a long time in the caisson at the end of its progression in the direction opposite to that of the fluidized phase. It must therefore be periodically removed from the box and recovered by means which do not significantly disturb the fluidization of the other phase, and which will be described a little later. It is also possible to provide a storage capacity for the decanted phase, towards the end of the box.
  • This storage capacity of the decanted solid phase which is, for example, constituted by a cylindrical or polyhedral column, can itself be provided with a fluidization means, the porous fluidization wall being horizontal or substantially horizontal.
  • the storage capacity of the decanted solid phase when it exists is also provided with a means of periodic extraction of said phase, making it possible to isolate said capacity, but also the fluidized bed of the separation device, while this device is in operating condition.
  • a means of periodic extraction of said phase can be, for example, an airlock, or any other equivalent means known to those skilled in the art.
  • the fluidized bed device for separating the two solid phases comprises a lower box (1) with gas circulation, an upper box (2) with circulation of fluidized pulverulent materials, a porous fluidization wall (3), a intake manifold (4) for the fluidization gas and an outlet manifold (5) for the fluidization gas from the upper casing.
  • the upper box (2) is also provided with means (not shown) for introducing the mixture of the two solid phases to be separated at a regular flow rate, by the tube (6), associated with a flexible cuff (8).
  • overflow (7) which makes it possible to conduct the fluidized material out of the separation device.
  • the overflow (7) is likewise provided with a flexible sleeve (8a) allowing the connection of the separation device to the fixed downstream transport circuit (not represented).
  • Oriented vibrating means, represented by the arrow (9), provides the porous fluidization wall with vibration oriented in the opposite direction to the movement of the fluidized material which is represented by the arrow (10). This vibration causes the decanted solid phase to migrate in the direction of the arrow (11).
  • a partition (12) comprising, at its base, at the porous wall (3), an opening (13) of length substantially equal to the width of the porous wall (3), and the height of which must be adapted to the size of the largest grains of the decanted phase.
  • This opening (13) may include a controlled closure means, symbolically represented by the needle (13A).
  • the partition (12) further comprises, at its upper part, an opening (18) allowing the evacuation of the fluidizing air towards the upper box (2).
  • the capacity (14) is provided, in the case of the figure, an airlock (15) delimited by the valves (16) and (17), and a flexible flexible seal (8b).
  • the opening of the valve (16) makes it possible to place in the airlock (15) the decanted solid phase to be eliminated. Then, the closing of the valve (16) and the opening of the valve (17) ensure the evacuation of said solid phase, without the operation of the device for continuously separating the two solid phases being disturbed.
  • the capacity (14) is provided at its base with a fluidization means (not shown), it may be advantageous for the oblique face to be provided with an opening (18) allowing the circulating fluidization gas from bottom to top in the capacity (14) to escape through the upper box (2).
  • the decanted solid phase is discharged by the periodic opening of the orifice (13) under the action of the control means (13a), the solid phase then being collected in any container or container.
  • the device according to the invention is suspended by the elastic means (19) thus making it subject to vibration (9).
  • alumina to igneous electrolysis tanks for the production of aluminum according to the Hall-Héroult process, comprising conveying the alumina in a fluidized bed from a storage zone to at least one consumption zone , using the device according to the invention, the separation in a fluidized bed of two mixed solid phases, one consisting of alumina, the other, of materials which cannot be fluidized under the fluidization conditions of the first , ie alumina agglomerates ("scrapes").
  • the device according to the invention has been installed upstream of the fluidized bed alumina conveyor so that only the fluidized solid phase is transferred by said conveyor to the electrolysis cells, while the other solid phase having decanted , was eliminated from the transport installation before it disturbed the proper functioning of the fluidized bed conveyors.
  • the device according to the invention had a length of 3 meters and a width of 60 cm.
  • the lower box (1) had a height of 10 cm while the upper box (2) for circulation of the pulverized fluidized materials had a height of 45 cm.
  • the porous fluidization wall (3) had a surface of 1.4 m.
  • the pressure of the fluidizing gas in the box being 600 mm of CE (5880 Pa), while the cumulative flow rate of said gas was 2 Nm 3 / min.
  • the device according to the invention was supplied with a mixture of solid phases (alumina and agglomerates) in a regular manner at the rate of 6 tonnes per hour.
  • the oriented vibration was produced by an unbalance vibrator, according to arrow (9).
  • the angle of the axis of emission of the vibration with the horizontal plane was 45 degrees.
  • the frequency of the vibration was 1500 cycles per minute and its amplitude 4 mm.
  • the emission of the vibration was practiced for 2 minutes, at the rate of 2 times per hour.
  • the installation operated continuously for 6 months. During this time, 26,000 tonnes of alumina were treated in the device according to the invention, of which was able to remove 5100 kg of the decanted solid phase through the opening (13), or approximately 0.2 kg of decanted solid phase on average and eliminated per tonne of alumina.
  • the fluidized device for supplying the alumina electrolysis tanks did not undergo any disturbance due to "grattons" and other undesirable agglomerates.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
  • Separation Of Solids By Using Liquids Or Pneumatic Power (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

@ L'invention concerne un dispositif à lit fluidisé, pour la séparation de deux phases solides mélangées, dont l'une est formée d'un matériau pulvérulent fluidisable et l'autre est constituée d'un matériau non fluidisable dans les conditions de fluidisation de la première, ce dispositif comportant une enceinte suspendue par des moyens élastiques, constitué par un caisson inférieur (1) à circulation de gaz et un caisson supérieur (2) à circulation de matériaux pulvérulents fluidisés, entre lesquels est placée une paroi poreuse de fluidisation (3), au moins une tubulure (4) d'alimentation en gaz du caisson inférieur (1) et au moins une tubulure (5) d'évacuation du gaz de fluidisation du caisson supérieur (2).@ The invention relates to a fluidized bed device, for the separation of two mixed solid phases, one of which is formed from a pulverizable fluidizable material and the other consists of a material which cannot be fluidized under the fluidization conditions of the first, this device comprising an enclosure suspended by elastic means, constituted by a lower box (1) with gas circulation and an upper box (2) with circulation of fluidized pulverulent materials, between which is placed a porous fluidization wall ( 3), at least one pipe (4) for supplying gas to the lower box (1) and at least one pipe (5) for evacuating the fluidizing gas from the upper box (2).

Selon l'invention, le caisson supérieur (1) comporte:

  • - un moyen (6) d'introduction régulière du mélange des deux phases solides à séparer.
  • - une surverse (7) sur une face de l'enceinte pour évacuer la phase solide fluidisée
  • - un moyen d'évacuation de la phase solide décantée constitué par un orifice (13) situé au niveau de la paroi poreuse horizontale de fluidisation (3), dans la cloison (12) disposée vers l'extrémité du caisson supérieur (2) opposée à la surverse (7).
  • - un moyen de mise en vibration périodique (9) communiquant à la paroi poreuse une vibration ayant une composante orientée dans la direction opposée à la surverse.
    Figure imgaf001
According to the invention, the upper box (1) comprises:
  • - A means (6) for regular introduction of the mixture of the two solid phases to be separated.
  • - an overflow (7) on one face of the enclosure to evacuate the fluidized solid phase
  • a means for evacuating the decanted solid phase constituted by an orifice (13) situated at the level of the horizontal porous fluidization wall (3), in the partition (12) disposed towards the end of the opposite upper box (2) overflow (7).
  • - A means of periodic vibration (9) communicating to the porous wall a vibration having a component oriented in the direction opposite to the overflow.
    Figure imgaf001

Description

1. DOMAINE TECHNIQUE DE L'INVENTION1. TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

L'invention concerne un dispositif de séparation, en lit fluidisé, de deux phases solides mélangées dont l'une est formée de matériaux pulvérulents fluidisables, tandis que l'autre- est constituée de matériaux non fluidisables dans les conditions de fluidisation de la première.The invention relates to a device for separating, in a fluidized bed, two mixed solid phases, one of which is formed of pulverizable fluidizable materials, while the other is made of non-fluidizable materials under the fluidization conditions of the first.

Par "matériaux fluidisables". on entend tous les matériaux bien connus de l'homme de l'art, se présentant sous une forme pulvérulente et de granulométrie et de cohésion telles que la vitesse de passage de l'air insufflé provoque, à vitesse faible, la décohésion des particules entre elles et la réduction des forces de frottement interne. De tels matériaux sont, par exemple, l'alumine destinée à l'électrolyse ignée, les ciments, plâtres. la chaux (vive ou éteinte), les cendres volantes, le fluorure de calcium, les charges d'apport pour caoutchouc; les fécules, les catalyseurs, les poussières de charbon, le sulfate de sodium, les phosphates, pyrophosphates, les matériaux plastiques sous la forme de poudre. les produits alimentaires tels que le lait en poudre, les farines, etc...By "flowable materials". is meant all the materials well known to those skilled in the art, being in a pulverulent form and of particle size and cohesion such that the speed of passage of the blown air causes, at low speed, the decohesion of the particles between them and the reduction of the internal friction forces. Such materials are, for example, alumina intended for igneous electrolysis, cements, plasters. lime (quick or slaked), fly ash, calcium fluoride, fillers for rubber; starches, catalysts, coal dust, sodium sulfate, phosphates, pyrophosphates, plastic materials in the form of powder. food products such as milk powder, flours, etc.

2. ETAT DE LA TECHNIQUE ANTERIEURE2. STATE OF THE PRIOR ART

Il est bien connu que de nombreuses technologies ont été étudiées et développées pour le transport en lit fluidisé de matériaux pulvérulents depuis une zone de stockage jusqu'à au moins une zone de consommation à alimenter. éloignées l'une de l'autre, telle que par exemple, ensacheuse mise en conteneur ou un ensemble de production comme presse extrudeuse.It is well known that many technologies have been studied and developed for the transport in a fluidized bed of pulverulent materials from a storage area to at least one consumption area to be supplied. distant from each other, such as, for example, a bagging machine in a container or a production assembly such as an extruder press.

Un exemple parmi bien d'autres est celui concernant l'alimentation en alumine des cellules d'électrolyse ignée pour la production de l'aluminium car le problème auquel se heurte le professionnel est celui du transport à longue distance d'un matériau pulvérulent. l'alumine. Emmagasiné dans un silo de très grande capacité. ce matériau est destiné à alimenter des ateliers de conditionnement se trouvant éloignés de plusieurs centaines de mètres dudit silo; le problème fut résolu pendant longtemps par l'usage de conteneurs mobiles ou de transport pneumatique à haute pression ou de transports mécaniques.One example among many is that concerning the supply of alumina to igneous electrolysis cells for the production of aluminum because the problem encountered by the professional is that of the long-distance transport of a pulverulent material. alumina. Stored in a very large capacity silo. this material is intended to supply packaging workshops located several hundred meters from said silo; the problem was resolved for a long time by the use of mobile containers or high pressure pneumatic transport or mechanical transport.

Toutefois, des dispositifs de transports de l'alumine en lit fluidisé ont également été préconisés dans la littérature spécialisée. L'un d'entre eux, destiné à l'alimentation en alumine de cellules d'électrolyse en de multiples points est décrit, par exemple, dans le brevet US 4 016 053. Ce dispositif qui est proposé pour transporter de l'alumine depuis une zone de stockage jusqu'à une zone de consommation comprend d'abord un convoyeur primaire à lit fluidisé, muni des moyens d'alimentation et d'évacuation du gaz utilisé pour fluidiser d'une manière permanente l'alumine et maintenir ledit convoyeur primaire essentiellement plein de matériaux fluidisés, puis comprend une pluralité de convoyeurs secondaires à lit fluidisé, munis des mêmes moyens d'alimentation et d'évacuation du gaz de fluidisation, recevant et transportant des matériaux pulvérulents provenant du convoyeur primaire en les maintenant dans le même état de fluidisation permanente que dans le convoyeur primaire, enfin comprend des dispositifs d'alimentation discontinue en matériaux pulvérulents de chaque cuve d'électrolyse.However, devices for transporting alumina in a fluidized bed have also been recommended in the specialized literature. One of them, intended for supplying alumina to electrolysis cells at multiple points is described, for example, in US Pat. No. 4,016,053. This device which is proposed for transporting alumina from a storage area up to a consumption area first comprises a primary fluidized bed conveyor, provided with means for supplying and discharging the gas used to permanently fluidize the alumina and maintain said primary conveyor essentially full of fluidized materials, then comprises a plurality of secondary fluidized bed conveyors, provided with the same means for supplying and evacuating the fluidization gas, receiving and transporting pulverulent materials coming from the primary conveyor while maintaining them in the same state permanent fluidization than in the primary conveyor, finally comprises devices for discontinuous supply of pulverulent materials to each electrolysis tank.

3. PROBLEME A RESOUDRE - EXPOSE DU PROBLEME TECHNIQUE3. PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED - PRESENTATION OF THE TECHNICAL PROBLEM

Tout dispositif de transport en lit fluidisé d'un matériau pulvérulent, tel que l'alumine, fonctionne d'une manière satisfaisante tant que ledit matériau est homogène, c'est-à-dire tant que le matériau pulvérulent à transporter constitue une seule phase fluidisable.Any transport device in a fluidized bed of a pulverulent material, such as alumina, functions satisfactorily as long as said material is homogeneous, that is to say as long as the pulverulent material to be transported constitutes a single phase fluidizable.

Mais, dès lors que les matériaux à transporter dans les convoyeurs à lit fluidisé forment deux phases solides, en mélange, dont l'une décante dans les conditions de fluidisation de l'autre, il se produit, dans les convoyeurs à lit fluidisé, des perturbations importantes et gênantes pour le fonctionnement, pouvant aboutir au blocage de la circulation des matériaux fluidisés, car, les matériaux décantés sur la paroi de fluidisation, entraînent la formation de veines gazeuses préférentielles. De ce fait, le transport de l'alumine en convoyeurs fluidisés peut être perturbé par la présence d'une autre phase solide qui décante dans les conditions de fluidisation de l'alumine.However, as soon as the materials to be transported in the fluidized bed conveyors form two solid, mixed phases, one of which settles under the fluidization conditions of the other, in the fluidized bed conveyors, significant and annoying disturbances for the operation, which can result in blocking the circulation of fluidized materials, because the materials decanted on the fluidization wall, cause the formation of preferential gas streams. As a result, the transport of alumina in fluidized conveyors can be disturbed by the presence of another solid phase which settles under the fluidization conditions of the alumina.

Le problème se pose particulièrement lorsque l'on recycle, dans le système d'alimentation des cuves d'électrolyse pour la production de l'aluminium, de l'alumine qui a été utilisée pour capter -grâce à ses propriétés d'adsorption- les effluents fluorés émis par les cuves en fonctionnement. Cette alumine, chargée de produits de captage, tend à former des agglomérés compacts, appelés, en terme de métier "grattons" (scales), qui perturbent les dispositifs d'alimentation fluidisée.The problem arises particularly when, in the supply system of the electrolytic cells for the production of aluminum, alumina which has been used to capture - thanks to its adsorption properties - is recycled. fluorinated effluents emitted by tanks in operation. This alumina, loaded with capture products, tends to form compact agglomerates, called, in term of trade "scrapes" (scales), which disturb the fluidized feeding devices.

4. OBJET DE L'INVENTION4. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

L'objet de l'invention est donc un dispositif de séparation en lit fluidisé de deux phases solides mélangées dont l'une des phases est formée de matériaux pulvérulents fluidisables tandis que l'autre phase est constituée de matériaux non fluidisables dans les conditions de fluidisation de la première.The object of the invention is therefore a device for separating, in a fluidized bed, two mixed solid phases, one of the phases of which is formed of pulverizable fluidizable materials while the other phase consists of materials which cannot be fluidized under the fluidization conditions. of the first.

Le dispositif selon l'invention formant une enceinte à lit fluidisé suspendue par des moyens élastiques et qui comprend des moyens de fluidisation constitués par un caisson inférieur à circulation de gaz, un caisson supérieur à circulation des matériaux pulvérulents fluidisés entre lesquels est placée une paroi poreuse de fluidisation, au moins une tubulure d'alimentation en gaz du caisson inférieur, et au moins une tubulure d'évacuation du gaz de fluidisation du caisson supérieur, se caractérise en ce que le caisson supérieur à circulation des matériaux pulvérulents est muni :

  • a) d'un moyen d'introduction à débit régulier du mélange des deux phases solides à séparer.
  • b) d'une surverse sur l'une de ses faces verticales pour évacuer la phase solide fluidisée.
  • c) d'un moyen vibratoire périodique communiquant au niveau de. la paroi poreuse de fluidisation une vibration ayant une composante orientée dans le sens opposé à la face verticale munie de la surverse permettant de déplacer à contre-courant la phase solide ayant décanté.
  • d) d'un moyen d'évacuation de la phase solide décantée.
The device according to the invention forming an enclosure with a fluidized bed suspended by elastic means and which comprises fluidization means constituted by a lower box for circulation of gas, an upper box for circulation of pulverized fluidized materials between which is placed a porous wall for fluidization, at least one gas supply pipe for the lower box, and at least one pipe for removing the fluidization gas from the upper box, is characterized in that the upper box for circulation of pulverulent materials is provided with:
  • a) means for introducing the mixture of the two solid phases to be separated at a regular rate.
  • b) an overflow on one of its vertical faces to evacuate the fluidized solid phase.
  • c) a periodic vibrating means communicating at. the porous fluidization wall a vibration having a component oriented in the opposite direction to the vertical face provided with the overflow making it possible to move the solid phase having settled down against the current.
  • d) a means for evacuating the decanted solid phase.

Le moyen d'introduction à débit régulier du mélange des deux phases solides à séparer peut être placé en un point quelconque de la face supérieure du dispositif. Toutefois, il est souhaitable que ce moyen se situe du côté opposé à l'évacuation de la phase solide fluidisée.The means for introducing the mixture of the two solid phases to be separated at regular rate can be placed at any point on the upper face of the device. However, it is desirable that this means is located on the side opposite to the evacuation of the fluidized solid phase.

La surverse permettant d'assurer par débordement l'évacuation de la phase solide fluidisée est munie d'un moyen flexible de raccordement au circuit aval fixe de transport. Ce peut être, par exemple, un manchon ondulé en caoutchouc.The overflow allowing the fluidized solid phase to be discharged by overflow is provided with a flexible means of connection to the fixed downstream transport circuit. It can be, for example, a corrugated rubber sleeve.

Afin d'assurer l'évacuation de la phase solide décantée ainsi que sa répartition homogène sur la paroi poreuse de manière à ne pas perturber les conditions de formation du lit fluidisé, une vibration périodique est communiquée à la paroi poreuse de fluidisation. Cette vibration périodique peut être produite par toute source connue de l'homme de l'art telles que par exemple, mécanique, électromagnétique pneumatique, hydraulique ... , commandée par exemple par un moyen de temporisation séquentiel et réglable permettant la mise en route de la source vibrante à intervalles réguliers et pour une durée déterminée. Ainsi, pour une vibration dont la fréquence est choisie entre 750 et 1500 cycles par minute et l'amplitude comprise entre 2 et 5 mm, valeurs correspondant à celles d'équipements industriels standards du type "tamis vibrant", la durée de fonctionnement de la source vibrante est comprise entre 1 et 3 minutes à raison de 2 à 4 fois par heure. De plus, cette vibration doit être orientée dans le sens de l'évacuation de la phase solide décantée, c'est-à-dire en direction opposée à celle de la phase fluidisée; elle doit aussi avoir une composante verticale dirigée vers le haut donc une résultante inclinée par rapport au plan de la paroi poreuse de fluidisation.In order to ensure the evacuation of the decanted solid phase as well as its homogeneous distribution on the porous wall so as not to disturb the conditions of formation of the fluidized bed, a periodic vibration is communicated to the porous fluidization wall. This periodic vibration can be produced by any source known to a person skilled in the art, such as, for example, mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, electromagnetic, etc., controlled for example by a sequential and adjustable time delay means allowing the starting of the vibrating source at regular intervals and for a determined duration. Thus, for a vibration whose frequency is chosen between 750 and 1500 cycles per minute and the amplitude between 2 and 5 mm, values corresponding to those of standard industrial equipment of the "vibrating screen" type, the operating time of the vibrating source is between 1 and 3 minutes at a rate of 2 to 4 times per hour. In addition, this vibration must be oriented in the direction of evacuation of the decanted solid phase, that is to say in the opposite direction to that of the fluidized phase; it must also have a vertical component directed upwards therefore a result inclined with respect to the plane of the porous fluidization wall.

L'axe de vibration passe, de préférence, par le centre de gravité du dispositif, et a une inclinaison 0( par rapport à la verticale que l'on peut fixer de 0 à 70* sans toutefois que cette valeur constitue une limite absolue de l'invention, des valeurs comprises entre 20 et 60* étant choisies, en pratique, avec une préférence pour une valeur de 0( proche de 45°.The axis of vibration preferably passes through the center of gravity of the device, and has an inclination 0 (relative to the vertical which can be set from 0 to 70 * without however that this value constitutes an absolute limit of the invention, values between 20 and 60 * being chosen, in practice, with a preference for a value of 0 (close to 45 °.

La phase non fluidisée, ou phase décantée, sous l'effet de la vibration périodique et orientée progresse dans la direètion opposée à celle de la phase fluidisée, sur la paroi poreuse maintenue horizontale ou sensiblement horizontale. Cette horizontalité est en effet nécessaire pour ne pas modifier la répartition homogène de la phase décantée sur la paroi poreuse et par suite ne pas perturber les conditions de fluidisation. Toutefois, un écart de moins de 3 degrés par rapport à l'horizontale est acceptable.The non-fluidized phase, or decanted phase, under the effect of the periodic and oriented vibration progresses in the direction opposite to that of the fluidized phase, on the porous wall kept horizontal or substantially horizontal. This horizontality is indeed necessary in order not to modify the homogeneous distribution of the decanted phase on the porous wall and consequently not to disturb the fluidization conditions. However, a deviation of less than 3 degrees from the horizontal is acceptable.

La phase décantée, même si elle est peu importante, ne peut s'accumuler longtemps dans le caisson au terme de sa progression dans la direction opposée à celle de la phase fluidisée. Elle doit donc être périodiquement évacuée du caisson et récupérée par des moyens qui ne perturbent pas de façon sensible la fluidisation de l'autre phase, et qui seront décrits un peu plus loin. On peut prévoir, en outre, une capacité de stockage de la phase décantée, vers l'extrémité du caisson.The decanted phase, even if it is small, cannot accumulate for a long time in the caisson at the end of its progression in the direction opposite to that of the fluidized phase. It must therefore be periodically removed from the box and recovered by means which do not significantly disturb the fluidization of the other phase, and which will be described a little later. It is also possible to provide a storage capacity for the decanted phase, towards the end of the box.

Cette capacité de stockage de la phase solide décantée, qui est, par exemple, constituée par une colonne cylindrique ou polyédrique, peut être elle-même munie d'un moyen de fluidisation, la paroi poreuse de fluidisation étant horizontale ou sensiblement horizontale.This storage capacity of the decanted solid phase, which is, for example, constituted by a cylindrical or polyhedral column, can itself be provided with a fluidization means, the porous fluidization wall being horizontal or substantially horizontal.

La capacité de stockage de la phase solide décantée lorsqu'elle existe est également munie d'un moyen d'extraction périodique de ladite phase, permettant d'isoler ladite capacité, mais également le lit fluidisé du dispositif de séparation, pendant que ce dispositif est en état de fonctionnement. Un tel moyen d'extraction peut être, par exemple, un sas, ou tout autre moyen équivalent connu de l'homme de l'art.The storage capacity of the decanted solid phase when it exists is also provided with a means of periodic extraction of said phase, making it possible to isolate said capacity, but also the fluidized bed of the separation device, while this device is in operating condition. Such an extraction means can be, for example, an airlock, or any other equivalent means known to those skilled in the art.

L'invention sera mieux comprise grâce à la description de la figure 1 illustrant un mode particulier de réalisation, en coupe verticale schématique.The invention will be better understood from the description of Figure 1 illustrating a particular embodiment, in schematic vertical section.

Selon la figure, le dispositif à lit fluidisé de séparation des deux phases solides comporte un caisson inférieur (1) à circulation de gaz, un caisson supérieur (2) à circulation des matériaux pulvérulents fluidisés, une paroi poreuse de fluidisation (3), une tubulure d'admission (4) du gaz de fluidisation et une tubulure d'évacuation (5) du gaz de fluidisation du caisson supérieur.According to the figure, the fluidized bed device for separating the two solid phases comprises a lower box (1) with gas circulation, an upper box (2) with circulation of fluidized pulverulent materials, a porous fluidization wall (3), a intake manifold (4) for the fluidization gas and an outlet manifold (5) for the fluidization gas from the upper casing.

Le caisson supérieur (2) est également muni d'un moyen (non représenté) d'introduction à débit régulier du mélange des deux phases solides à séparer, par la tubulure (6), associée à une manchette flexible (8).The upper box (2) is also provided with means (not shown) for introducing the mixture of the two solid phases to be separated at a regular flow rate, by the tube (6), associated with a flexible cuff (8).

A l'extrémité opposée au moyen d'introduction, se trouve une surverse (7) qui permet de conduire le matériau fluidisé hors du dispositif de séparation. La surverse (7) est, de même, munie d'une manchette flexible (8a) permettant le raccordement du dispositif de séparation au circuit aval fixe de transport (non représenté). Un moyen vibratoire orienté, représenté par la flèche (9) procure à la paroi poreuse de fluidisation une vibration orientée dans le sens opposé au déplacement du matériau fluidisé qui est représenté par la flèche (10). Cette vibration provoque la migration de la phase solide décantée dans le sens de la flèche (11).At the end opposite to the introduction means, there is an overflow (7) which makes it possible to conduct the fluidized material out of the separation device. The overflow (7) is likewise provided with a flexible sleeve (8a) allowing the connection of the separation device to the fixed downstream transport circuit (not represented). Oriented vibrating means, represented by the arrow (9), provides the porous fluidization wall with vibration oriented in the opposite direction to the movement of the fluidized material which is represented by the arrow (10). This vibration causes the decanted solid phase to migrate in the direction of the arrow (11).

Vers l'extrémité comportant le moyen d'introduction (6) du mélange des deux phases solides à séparer, se trouve une cloison (12) comportant, à sa base, au niveau de la paroi poreuse (3), une ouverture (13) de longueur sensiblement égale à la largeur de la paroi poreuse (3), et dont la hauteur doit être adaptée à la taille des plus gros grains de la phase décantée. Cette ouverture (13) peut comporter un moyen d'obturation commandé, représenté symboliquement par le pointeau (13A).Towards the end comprising the means for introducing (6) the mixture of the two solid phases to be separated, there is a partition (12) comprising, at its base, at the porous wall (3), an opening (13) of length substantially equal to the width of the porous wall (3), and the height of which must be adapted to the size of the largest grains of the decanted phase. This opening (13) may include a controlled closure means, symbolically represented by the needle (13A).

Ce pointeau étant ouvert ou absent, la phase solide décantée, accompagnée inévitablement d'une certaine quantité de matériau pulvérulent fluidisé, vient s'accumuler dans la capacité (14). La cloison (12) comporte, en outre, à sa partie supérieure, une ouverture (18) permettant l'évacuation de l'air de fluidisation vers le caisson supérieur (2).This needle being open or absent, the decanted solid phase, inevitably accompanied by a certain quantity of pulverized fluidized material, comes to accumulate in the capacity (14). The partition (12) further comprises, at its upper part, an opening (18) allowing the evacuation of the fluidizing air towards the upper box (2).

La capacité (14) est munie, dans le cas de la figure, d'un sas (15) délimité par les vannes (16) et (17), et d'un joint souple flexible (8b).The capacity (14) is provided, in the case of the figure, an airlock (15) delimited by the valves (16) and (17), and a flexible flexible seal (8b).

L'ouverture de la vanne (16) permet de placer dans le sas (15) la phase solide décantée à éliminer. Puis, la fermeture de la vanne (16) et l'ouverture de la vanne (17) assurent l'évacuation de ladite phase solide, sans que le fonctionnement du dispositif de séparation en continu des deux phases solides soit perturbé.The opening of the valve (16) makes it possible to place in the airlock (15) the decanted solid phase to be eliminated. Then, the closing of the valve (16) and the opening of the valve (17) ensure the evacuation of said solid phase, without the operation of the device for continuously separating the two solid phases being disturbed.

Dans le cas où la capacité (14) est munie, à sa base, d'un moyen de fluidisation (non représenté), il peut être intéressant que la face oblique soit munie d'une ouverture (18) permettant au gaz de fluidisation circulant de bas en haut dans la capacité (14) de s'échapper par le caisson supérieur (2).In the case where the capacity (14) is provided at its base with a fluidization means (not shown), it may be advantageous for the oblique face to be provided with an opening (18) allowing the circulating fluidization gas from bottom to top in the capacity (14) to escape through the upper box (2).

En l'absence du. sas (15), la phase solide décantée est évacuée par l'ouverture périodique de l'orifice (13) sous l'action du moyen de commande (13a), la phase solie étant alors recueillie dans un récipient ou conteneur quelconque.In the absence of the. airlock (15), the decanted solid phase is discharged by the periodic opening of the orifice (13) under the action of the control means (13a), the solid phase then being collected in any container or container.

Enfin, le dispositif selon l'invention est suspendu par les moyens élastiques (19) le rendant ainsi asservi à la vibration (9).Finally, the device according to the invention is suspended by the elastic means (19) thus making it subject to vibration (9).

5. EXEMPLE DE MISE EN OEUVRE DE L'INVENTION5. EXAMPLE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INVENTION

Dans une installation industrielle d'alimentation en alumine de cuves d'électrolyse ignée de production d'aluminium selon le procédé Hall-Héroult, comportant le convoyage en lit fluidisé de l'alumine d'une zone de stockage à au moins une zone de consommation, on a effectué au moyen du dispositif selon l'invention, la séparation en lit fluidisé de deux phases solides mélangées, l'une étant constituée de l'alumine, l'autre, de matériaux non fluidisables dans les conditions de fluidisation de la première, c'es-à-dire d'agglomérats d'alumine ("grattons").In an industrial installation supplying alumina to igneous electrolysis tanks for the production of aluminum according to the Hall-Héroult process, comprising conveying the alumina in a fluidized bed from a storage zone to at least one consumption zone , using the device according to the invention, the separation in a fluidized bed of two mixed solid phases, one consisting of alumina, the other, of materials which cannot be fluidized under the fluidization conditions of the first , ie alumina agglomerates ("scrapes").

Le dispositif selon l'invention a été implanté en amont du convoyeur d'alumine à lit fluidisé de telle sorte que seule la phase solide fluidisée soit transférée par ledit convoyeur jusqu'aux cellules d'électrolyse, tandis que l'autre phase solide ayant décanté, était éliminée de l'installation de transport avant qu'elle ne perturbe le bon fonctionnement des convoyeurs à lit fluidisé.The device according to the invention has been installed upstream of the fluidized bed alumina conveyor so that only the fluidized solid phase is transferred by said conveyor to the electrolysis cells, while the other solid phase having decanted , was eliminated from the transport installation before it disturbed the proper functioning of the fluidized bed conveyors.

Le dispositif selon l'invention avait une longueur de 3 mètres et une largeur de 60 cm. Le caisson inférieur (1) avait une hauteur de 10 cm tandis que le caisson supérieur (2) à circulation des matériaux pulvérulents fluidisés avait une hauteur de 45 cm.The device according to the invention had a length of 3 meters and a width of 60 cm. The lower box (1) had a height of 10 cm while the upper box (2) for circulation of the pulverized fluidized materials had a height of 45 cm.

La paroi poreuse de fluidisation (3) avait une surface de 1,4 m . La pression du gaz de fluidisation dans le caisson étant de 600 mm de CE (5880 Pa), tandis que le débit cumulé dudit gaz était de 2 Nm 3/mn. Le dispositif selon l'invention était alimenté en un mélange de phases solides (alumine et agglomérats) d'une manière régulière à raison de 6 tonnes par heure.The porous fluidization wall (3) had a surface of 1.4 m. The pressure of the fluidizing gas in the box being 600 mm of CE (5880 Pa), while the cumulative flow rate of said gas was 2 Nm 3 / min. The device according to the invention was supplied with a mixture of solid phases (alumina and agglomerates) in a regular manner at the rate of 6 tonnes per hour.

La vibration orientée était produite par un vibrateur à balourd, selon la flèche (9). L'angle de l'axe de l'émission de la vibration avec le plan horizontal était de 45 degrés. La fréquence de la vibration était de 1500 cycles par minute et son amplitude de 4 mm.The oriented vibration was produced by an unbalance vibrator, according to arrow (9). The angle of the axis of emission of the vibration with the horizontal plane was 45 degrees. The frequency of the vibration was 1500 cycles per minute and its amplitude 4 mm.

L'émission de la vibration était pratiquée pendant 2 minutes, à raison de 2 fois par heure.The emission of the vibration was practiced for 2 minutes, at the rate of 2 times per hour.

L'installation a fonctionné de façon continue pendant 6 mois. Pendant ce temps, on a traité dans le dispositif selon l'invention 26000 tonnes d'alumine, dont on a pu éliminer par l'ouverture (13) 5100 kg de la phase solide décantée, soit à peu près en moyenne 0,2 kg de phase solide décantée et éliminée par tonne d'alumine.The installation operated continuously for 6 months. During this time, 26,000 tonnes of alumina were treated in the device according to the invention, of which was able to remove 5100 kg of the decanted solid phase through the opening (13), or approximately 0.2 kg of decanted solid phase on average and eliminated per tonne of alumina.

Pendant toute cette période, le dispositif fluidisé d'alimentation des cuves d'élctrolyse en alumine n'a subi aucune perturbation due aux "grattons" et autres agglomérés indésirables.During this entire period, the fluidized device for supplying the alumina electrolysis tanks did not undergo any disturbance due to "grattons" and other undesirable agglomerates.

Claims (8)

1. Dispositif à lit fluidisé, pour la séparation de deux phases solides mélangées, dont l'une est formée d'un matériau pulvérulent fluidisable et l'autre est constituée d'un matériau non fluidisable dans les conditions de fluidisation de la première, ce dispositif comportant une enceinte suspendue par des moyens élastiques, constitué par un caisson inférieur (1) à circulation de gaz et un caisson supérieur (2) à circulation de matériaux pulvérulents fluidisés, entre lesquels est placée une paroi poreuse de fluidisation (3), au moins une tubulure (4) d'alimentation en gaz du caisson inférieur (1) et au moins une tubulure (5) d'évacuation du gaz de fluidisation du caisson supérieur (2),caractérisé en ce que le caisson supérieur (1) comporte : - un moyen (6) d'introduction régulière du mélange des deux phases solides à séparer, - une surverse (7) sur une face de l'enceinte, pour évacuer la phase solide fluidisée, - un moyen d'évacuation de la phase solide décantée constitué par un orifice (13), situé au niveau de la paroi poreuse de fluidisation (3), dans la cloison (12) disposée vers l'extrémité du caisson supérieur (2) opposée à la surverse (7), - un moyen de mise en vibration périodique (9) communiquant à la paroi poreuse une vibration ayant une composante orientée dans la direction opposée à la surverse, avec une fréquence comprise entre 750 et 1500 cycles par minute et une amplitude comprise entre 2 et 5 mm, 1. Fluidized bed device, for the separation of two mixed solid phases, one of which is formed of a fluidizable pulverulent material and the other of which is made of a non-fluidizable material under the fluidization conditions of the first, this device comprising an enclosure suspended by elastic means, consisting of a lower box (1) with gas circulation and an upper box (2) with circulation of fluidized pulverulent materials, between which is placed a porous fluidization wall (3), at least one pipe (4) for supplying gas to the lower box (1) and at least one pipe (5) for discharging the fluidization gas from the upper box (2), characterized in that the upper box (1) comprises : a means (6) for regular introduction of the mixture of the two solid phases to be separated, - an overflow (7) on one face of the enclosure, to evacuate the fluidized solid phase, a means for evacuating the decanted solid phase constituted by an orifice (13), located at the level of the porous fluidization wall (3), in the partition (12) disposed towards the end of the opposite upper box (2) overflow (7), - a means of periodic vibration (9) communicating to the porous wall a vibration having a component oriented in the direction opposite to the overflow, with a frequency between 750 and 1500 cycles per minute and an amplitude between 2 and 5 mm , 2. Dispositif à lit fluidisé, selon revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la vibration (9) comporte, une composante verticale dirigée vers le haut, de façon que la résultante fasse, avec le plan de la paroi poreuse (3) un angle o( compris entre 20 et 60'.2. Fluidized bed device, according to claim 1, characterized in that the vibration (9) comprises, a vertical component directed upwards, so that the resultant makes, with the plane of the porous wall (3) an angle o (between 20 and 60 '. 3. Dispositif à lit fluidisé, selon revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un moyen pour la mise en route périodique de la vibration pendant une durée de 1 à 3 minutes et à raison de 2 à 4 fois par heure.3. Fluidized bed device, according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a means for periodically starting the vibration for a period of 1 to 3 minutes and at the rate of 2 to 4 times per hour. 4. Dispositif à lit fluidisé selon revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la paroi poreuse de fluidisation (3) est sensiblement horizontale en formant un angle de moins de 3 degrés avec l'horizontale.4. Fluidized bed device according to claim 1, characterized in that the porous fluidization wall (3) is substantially horizontal by forming an angle of less than 3 degrees with the horizontal. 5. Dispositif à lit fluidisé, selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le moyen d'extraction de la phase décantée est constitué par une capacité de stockage (14) reliée à un sas (15) isolé entre une vanne amont (16) et une vanne aval (17).5. Fluidized bed device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the means for extracting the decanted phase consists of a storage capacity (14) connected to an airlock (15) isolated between an upstream valve (16) and a downstream valve (17). 6. Dispositif à lit fluidisé, selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5 caractérisé en ce que la capacité (14) de stockage de la phase décantée comporte un moyen de fluidisation et un moyen (18) d'évacuation de l'air de fluidisation vers le caisson supérieur (2).6. Fluidized bed device according to any one of claims 1 to 5 characterized in that the capacity (14) for storing the decanted phase comprises a fluidization means and a means (18) for evacuating the air fluidization to the upper box (2). 7. Dispositif à lit fluidisé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6 caractérisé en ce que le moyen d'évacuation de la phase solide décantée comporte un dispositif (13A) d'ouverture périodique de l'orifice (13).7. Fluidized bed device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 characterized in that the means for discharging the decanted solid phase comprises a device (13A) for periodic opening of the orifice (13). 8. Application du dispositif, selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, à l'alimentation en alumine des séries de cuves pour la production d'aluminium par électrolyse ignée, selon le procédé Hall-Héroult.8. Application of the device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, to the supply of alumina to series of tanks for the production of aluminum by igneous electrolysis, according to the Hall-Héroult process.
EP86420003A 1985-01-08 1986-01-06 Fluidized-bed device for continuously separating two mixed solid phases Expired - Lifetime EP0187730B1 (en)

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FR8500468A FR2575680B1 (en) 1985-01-08 1985-01-08 FLUIDIZED BED DEVICE FOR THE CONTINUOUS SEPARATION OF TWO MIXED SOLID PHASES
FR8500468 1985-01-08

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Also Published As

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IE58687B1 (en) 1993-11-03
JPH0611432B2 (en) 1994-02-16
FR2575680B1 (en) 1987-07-03
EG17836A (en) 1991-06-30
ES550700A0 (en) 1987-05-01
GR860026B (en) 1986-06-24
CN1005460B (en) 1989-10-18
FR2575680A1 (en) 1986-07-11
NO855220L (en) 1986-07-09
YU44020B (en) 1990-02-28
YU206685A (en) 1988-04-30
NO167263B (en) 1991-07-15
AU576043B2 (en) 1988-08-11
HUT43350A (en) 1987-10-28
BR8600027A (en) 1986-09-23
CA1291968C (en) 1991-11-12
EP0187730A3 (en) 1989-05-03
DE3682594D1 (en) 1992-01-09
CN86100050A (en) 1986-07-02
ZA86107B (en) 1986-10-29
US4741443A (en) 1988-05-03
JPS61164687A (en) 1986-07-25
AU5188586A (en) 1986-07-17
NO167263C (en) 1991-10-23
NZ214719A (en) 1988-04-29
HU196918B (en) 1989-02-28
EP0187730B1 (en) 1991-11-27
MX166710B (en) 1993-01-29
ES8705256A1 (en) 1987-05-01
IE860033L (en) 1986-07-08

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