EP0189549A2 - Dispositif d'écoulement pour médias coulants - Google Patents

Dispositif d'écoulement pour médias coulants Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0189549A2
EP0189549A2 EP85115117A EP85115117A EP0189549A2 EP 0189549 A2 EP0189549 A2 EP 0189549A2 EP 85115117 A EP85115117 A EP 85115117A EP 85115117 A EP85115117 A EP 85115117A EP 0189549 A2 EP0189549 A2 EP 0189549A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ventilation
wall surface
filter
germ filter
discharge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP85115117A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0189549B1 (fr
EP0189549A3 (en
Inventor
Hans-Josef Schütz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aptar Radolfzell GmbH
Original Assignee
Erich Pfeiffer GmbH
Ing Erich Pfeiffer GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Erich Pfeiffer GmbH, Ing Erich Pfeiffer GmbH filed Critical Erich Pfeiffer GmbH
Publication of EP0189549A2 publication Critical patent/EP0189549A2/fr
Publication of EP0189549A3 publication Critical patent/EP0189549A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0189549B1 publication Critical patent/EP0189549B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45DHAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
    • A45D34/00Containers or accessories specially adapted for handling liquid toiletry or cosmetic substances, e.g. perfumes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/0005Components or details
    • B05B11/0037Containers
    • B05B11/0039Containers associated with means for compensating the pressure difference between the ambient pressure and the pressure inside the container, e.g. pressure relief means
    • B05B11/0044Containers associated with means for compensating the pressure difference between the ambient pressure and the pressure inside the container, e.g. pressure relief means compensating underpressure by ingress of atmospheric air into the container, i.e. with venting means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/0005Components or details
    • B05B11/0037Containers
    • B05B11/0039Containers associated with means for compensating the pressure difference between the ambient pressure and the pressure inside the container, e.g. pressure relief means
    • B05B11/0044Containers associated with means for compensating the pressure difference between the ambient pressure and the pressure inside the container, e.g. pressure relief means compensating underpressure by ingress of atmospheric air into the container, i.e. with venting means
    • B05B11/00444Containers associated with means for compensating the pressure difference between the ambient pressure and the pressure inside the container, e.g. pressure relief means compensating underpressure by ingress of atmospheric air into the container, i.e. with venting means with provision for filtering or cleaning the air flow drawn into the container
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/10Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
    • B05B11/1001Piston pumps
    • B05B11/1023Piston pumps having an outlet valve opened by deformation or displacement of the piston relative to its actuating stem
    • B05B11/1026Piston pumps having an outlet valve opened by deformation or displacement of the piston relative to its actuating stem the piston being deformable and its deformation allowing opening of the outlet
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67DDISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B67D7/00Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes
    • B67D7/02Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes for transferring liquids other than fuel or lubricants
    • B67D7/0205Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes for transferring liquids other than fuel or lubricants by manually operable pumping apparatus

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a discharge device for flowable media, in particular for pharmaceutical and / or cosmetic preparations, with a discharge channel for the active substance and with a ventilation channel forming a ventilation connection for the volume compensation of the discharged active substance.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a discharge device of the type mentioned so that the penetration of germs is largely avoided, such that the addition of germicidal stabilizing agents can be dispensed with even in preparations that could be a breeding ground for germs or the amount of these stabilizers can be significantly reduced.
  • the germ filter is expediently flat, in particular membrane-like, and preferably consists of a fiber filter made of polytetrafluoroethylene or the like.
  • the compact, space-saving housing of the germ filter is further improved in that the germ filter is placed against a wall surface through which the ventilation duct has a through opening and is preferably parallel with a small distance or at constant distances from this wall surface.
  • the ventilation channel in the area of the germ filter is sealed with at least one ring seal, the ring seal preferably being formed in one piece with the germ filter so that even with a relatively heavily added germ filter it is in any case prevented that even some of the ventilation air drawn into the active substance store can bypass the germ filter.
  • the, in particular bead-like ring seal is formed by pressing, gluing, welding or the like. the ring seal expediently adjoins the associated wall surface of the dispenser.
  • the germ filter is multiple, in particular many times larger than the rest of the cross-section of the ventilation connection, the germ filter with its ring seal and the associated wall surface penetrated by the ventilation duct preferably delimiting a filter inlet chamber into which the substantially smaller passage opening, in particular the Germ filter located centrally opposite, opens out.
  • the seed filter For a simple, space-saving and safe sealed attachment of the seed filter, it is encompassed at its edge surface of the War L side facing away from a window-like retaining frame, which is preferably directly attached to the wall surface, such as welded, bonded or the like is., And preferably to which the bacteria filter with the same, on both sides protruding over its thickness ring seal as on the wall surface, so that a good sealing pressure can be achieved.
  • the germ filter lies within the active substance store mentioned, as a result of which it is effectively protected against mechanical loads or damage and only comes into contact with the air which flows into the store through the ventilation connection for volume compensation.
  • a particularly simple assembly is obtained if the germ filter is arranged on an active substance discharge pump, such as the housing of a manually operated piston pump.
  • the germ filter is expediently arranged at approximately constant intervals on a wall surface which is approximately curved about the central axis of the discharge channel and / or immediately afterwards on a fastening flange of the discharge pump which projects above this wall surface.
  • the pump housing is in two parts, for example composed of a cylinder housing guiding the pump piston and a storage end cap closing it at the outer end, the germ filter is expediently only attached to one of these two components, preferably to the cylinder housing.
  • the discharge pump 1 has an active substance store, which is otherwise not shown in detail, which is essentially axially symmetrical Pump housing 2, which consists essentially of a gradually narrowing towards the inner end of the cylinder housing 3 and an end cap 4, which is attached to the outer, furthest end of the housing 3 by clip-like snap-in so that it covers the jacket of the Cylinder housing 3 in the area of the associated end overlaps both on the inner and on the outer circumference.
  • a pump piston 6 is slidably guided with a piston sleeve 7 made of elastic material, which tapers in the manner of a truncated cone to the outer end of the housing 2 and tapers with it inner end is guided in the manner of an annular sealing lip on the track 5.
  • a piston sleeve 7 made of elastic material, which tapers in the manner of a truncated cone to the outer end of the housing 2 and tapers with it inner end is guided in the manner of an annular sealing lip on the track 5.
  • an elastic compression sleeve 8 which is formed in one piece therewith, the outer end of which is fastened to a piston tappet 9 by annular clamping.
  • the piston tappet 9 which protrudes from the cap 4 for manual operation, has a discharge channel 11 for the active substance which extends from the pump chamber 10 receiving the piston 6 to its outer end, the discharge channel 11 through the interior of the piston sleeve 7 and the Compression sleeve 8 leads.
  • a discharge valve 12 is provided, the annular movable valve closing part of which is formed by a valve lip projecting annularly over the inner surface of the component which forms the piston sleeve 7 and / or the compression sleeve 8.
  • the valve seat 14 for this valve closing part 13 is formed by the Kollens tappet 9 and is flared at an obtuse angle towards the inner end of the discharge pump 1.
  • the valve closing part 13 is pressed against the valve seat 14 by the axial prestressing of the compression sleeve 8.
  • the end Trag valve 12 can be designed as a pressure relief valve or, as in the illustrated embodiment, as a mechanically opening valve which is opened at the end of the pump stroke by running the piston sleeve 7 onto a stop shoulder 15 of the pump housing 2.
  • the pump piston 6 is loaded by a prestressed return spring 16 arranged in the cylinder housing 3, which is supported on the one hand at the inner end of the piston rod 9 and on the other hand in the area of an inlet valve 17 designed as a check valve for the pump chamber 10 relative to the pump housing 2.
  • the discharge pump 1 is expediently arranged on or in the storage indicated by dash-dotted lines at 20 in such a way that the pump housing 2 engages in the neck 21 of the storage 20 following the end cap 4 and one provided on the cap 4 and above it
  • the circumferential projecting annular fastening flange 22 is sealed against the outer end face of the neck 21.
  • a discharge channel 23 leads through the discharge pump 1 as a ventilation connection between the interior of the reservoir 20 and the outside atmosphere.
  • the ventilation channel 23 is formed between the outside atmosphere and a ventilation valve 24 located inside the pump housing 2 in a filter inlet chamber 25 by an annular gap which is located radially on the inside is delimited by the outer section of the piston tappet 9 and the compression sleeve 8 adjoining it and radially on the outside by an inner sleeve 26 which that engages in the cylinder housing 3 section of the end cap 4.
  • the wall 27 of the housing 3 is penetrated by an axially slot-shaped passage opening 28, which establishes the ventilation connection to the inlet chamber 25 and the interior of the store 20.
  • the movable valve closing part 29 of the ventilation valve 24 is formed by a portion of the piston sleeve 7 or the compression sleeve 8 which is enlarged in the shape of a truncated cone on the outer circumference against the pump chamber 10, this portion lying essentially in the same axial area as the valve closing part 13.
  • the valve seat 30 for the valve closing part 29 the inner end of the inner sleeve 26 is provided, at the radially inner end edge of which the valve closing part 29 bears under initial tension in the initial position of the pump piston 6 such that the discharge valve 12 is simultaneously under closing pressure. In the starting position, both the discharge duct 11 and the ventilation duct 23 are therefore inevitably closed.
  • the valve closing part 29 lifts off the valve seat 30, so that the ventilation valve 24 and thus the ventilation channel 23 are opened into the interior of the accumulator 20.
  • a germ filter 31 is arranged in the ventilation connection having the ventilation channel 23 between the outside atmosphere and the inside of the store 20 and is placed directly adjacent to the outer circumference of the cylinder housing 3 on its associated wall surface 32.
  • the flat, for example circular disc-shaped, germ filter 31 is arranged in the area of the passage opening 28 and symmetrically to the axial plane of the discharge pump 1 passing through it in such a way that that of the input chamber 25 ventilation air flowing into the storage 20 can only and completely enter the storage 20 only through the germ filter 31.
  • the germ filter 31 is formed in one piece with a circumferential ring seal 33, which in the manner of ring beads protrudes on both sides approximately equally far beyond the surfaces of the germ filter 31, such that a protruding ring seal is formed on each surface and the two ring seals in View of the germ filter 31 are substantially congruent with each other.
  • the germ filter 31 is pressed under pressure on the one hand against the wall surface 32 and on the other hand the ring seal 33 with its side facing away from this wall surface 32 is in contact with a window-like holding frame 34 which, for example, by pressing, gluing, welding or the like on the cylinder -Housing 3, in particular is exclusively attached to the wall surface 32;
  • the holding frame 34 is designed so that it is also attached to the end cap 4 in the region of the inner end face of the fastening flange 22, but in most cases it is expedient to hold the holding frame 34 only on one of the two, that To attach the pump housing 2 forming components and, if necessary, to engage in the end cap 4 in the area of the mounting flange 22.
  • the central opening of the holding frame 34 forms the inlet opening for the ventilation air emerging from the germ filter 31 into the reservoir 20; this inlet opening is only slightly smaller than the filter field within the ring seal 33%.
  • the holding frame 34 is expediently at least partially angular in cross section, such that one angle leg overlaps the ring seal 33 and the other angle leg is used for fastening to the pump housing 2.
  • the holding frame 34 can also be formed, for example, by at least one ring or a sleeve which is pushed and / or welded onto the pump housing 2, for example by pressing, in such a way that the holding frame surrounds the housing 2 on the outer circumference or in the central axis 35 of the discharge pump 1.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
  • Medical Preparation Storing Or Oral Administration Devices (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Details Of Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
EP85115117A 1985-02-01 1985-11-28 Dispositif d'écoulement pour médias coulants Expired - Lifetime EP0189549B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3503354 1985-02-01
DE19853503354 DE3503354A1 (de) 1985-02-01 1985-02-01 Wirkstoff-spender

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0189549A2 true EP0189549A2 (fr) 1986-08-06
EP0189549A3 EP0189549A3 (en) 1987-08-19
EP0189549B1 EP0189549B1 (fr) 1991-10-16

Family

ID=6261359

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85115117A Expired - Lifetime EP0189549B1 (fr) 1985-02-01 1985-11-28 Dispositif d'écoulement pour médias coulants

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4694976A (fr)
EP (1) EP0189549B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS61178570A (fr)
DE (2) DE3503354A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2669379A1 (fr) * 1990-11-21 1992-05-22 Promotion Rech Innovation Tec Pompe doseuse pour produits liquides.
WO1994011115A1 (fr) * 1992-11-11 1994-05-26 Tee Enterprises Limited Atomiseur
FR2762589A1 (fr) * 1997-04-28 1998-10-30 Sofab Flacon de distribution pour liquide, creme ou gel comportant un dispositif filtrant de l'air entrant
FR2781768A1 (fr) 1998-08-03 2000-02-04 Valois Sa Dispositif de distribution de produit fluide adapte a eviter toute contamination du produit contenu dans le recipient
FR2781767A1 (fr) 1998-07-31 2000-02-04 Valois Sa Dispositif de distribution de produit fluide
WO2001017690A1 (fr) 1999-09-09 2001-03-15 Valois S.A. Pompe de distribution de produit fluide amelioree, et dispositif de distribution de produit fluide comportant une telle pompe

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DE3641390C1 (de) * 1986-12-04 1988-02-11 Schwan Stabilo Schwanhaeusser Auftragsgeraet
US5039316A (en) * 1990-03-01 1991-08-13 Critical-Vac Filtration Corporation Glove bag adaptor control
US5074440A (en) * 1990-07-16 1991-12-24 Alcon Laboratories, Inc. Container for dispensing preservative-free preparations
US5527161A (en) * 1992-02-13 1996-06-18 Cybor Corporation Filtering and dispensing system
PH30867A (en) 1992-07-31 1997-12-09 Leiras Oy Method and equipment for installing a medicine capsule on a support.
US5490765A (en) * 1993-05-17 1996-02-13 Cybor Corporation Dual stage pump system with pre-stressed diaphragms and reservoir
US5353969A (en) * 1993-10-13 1994-10-11 Calmar Inc. Invertible pump sprayer having spiral vent path
SI9600118A (en) * 1995-04-13 1996-10-31 Monturas Sa Precompression pump sprayer
EP0861128B1 (fr) * 1995-11-17 2003-02-19 Ursatec Verpackung Gmbh Distributeur de fluides protegeant ces derniers contre une contamination
DE19610457A1 (de) * 1996-03-16 1997-09-18 Pfeiffer Erich Gmbh & Co Kg Austragvorrichtung für Medien
DE19627228A1 (de) * 1996-07-05 1998-01-08 Pfeiffer Erich Gmbh & Co Kg Austragvorrichtung für Medien
DE19729117A1 (de) * 1997-07-08 1999-01-21 Erich Wunsch Spraymechanismus für Dosier-Sprayflaschen
DE19840721A1 (de) * 1998-09-07 2000-03-09 Pfeiffer Erich Gmbh & Co Kg Spender für Medien
DE19840723A1 (de) 1998-09-07 2000-03-09 Pfeiffer Erich Gmbh & Co Kg Spender für Medien
US6170713B1 (en) * 1998-10-28 2001-01-09 Emson, Inc. Double spring precompression pump with priming feature
GB2344857B (en) * 1998-12-15 2001-03-14 Bespak Plc Improvements in or relating to dispensing apparatus
FR2794727B1 (fr) * 1999-06-10 2001-08-24 Valois Sa Dispositif de distribution de produit fluide ameliore
DE10015968A1 (de) * 2000-03-30 2001-10-04 Pfeiffer Erich Gmbh & Co Kg Spender für Medien
DE20018518U1 (de) * 2000-10-28 2001-02-01 Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma KG, 55218 Ingelheim Zerstäuber für Nasenspray
DE102005009295A1 (de) * 2004-07-13 2006-02-16 Ing. Erich Pfeiffer Gmbh Dosiervorrichtung für Medien
DE102004050679A1 (de) * 2004-10-13 2006-04-20 Ing. Erich Pfeiffer Gmbh Dosiervorrichtung
DE102004050977A1 (de) * 2004-10-14 2006-04-20 Ing. Erich Pfeiffer Gmbh Dosiervorrichtung für wenigstens ein Medium
DE602005008429D1 (de) * 2005-08-08 2008-09-04 Guala Dispensing Spa Lüftungseinsatz für einen Flüssigkeitsspender sowie Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer Membran darauf
JP6172741B2 (ja) * 2013-05-14 2017-08-02 株式会社三谷バルブ 内容物放出用ポンプ機構およびこの内容物放出用ポンプ機構を備えたポンプ式製品
WO2015038692A1 (fr) * 2013-09-13 2015-03-19 Gojo Industries, Inc. Distributeurs pour récipients non repliables et pompes d'aération
US9648992B2 (en) 2013-12-19 2017-05-16 Gojo Industries, Inc. Pumps with vents to vent inverted containers and refill units having non-collapsing containers
WO2015127338A1 (fr) 2014-02-24 2015-08-27 Gojo Industries, Inc. Récipients non repliables mis à l'air libre, récipients de re-remplissage rechargeables, distributeurs et unités de re-remplissage
CA2956212C (fr) 2014-07-30 2023-03-28 Gojo Industries, Inc. Unites ventilees de recharge et distributeurs presentant des unites ventilees de recharge
DE102016109612B4 (de) * 2016-05-25 2018-10-31 Gerresheimer Regensburg Gmbh Abgabeeinrichtung zur dosierten Abgabe eines sterilen Fluids und Behältnis für ein steriles Fluid
DE102016113673A1 (de) * 2016-07-25 2018-01-25 Friedrich Fischer Dosierspendersystem
US10137257B2 (en) 2016-11-30 2018-11-27 Belmont Instrument, Llc Slack-time heating system for blood and fluid warming
WO2018102354A1 (fr) * 2016-11-30 2018-06-07 Belmont Instrument, Llc Dispositif de perfusion rapide doté d'un trajet d'écoulement avantageux permettant de réchauffer du sang et du fluide, et composants, systèmes et procédés associés
ES1173259Y (es) * 2016-12-15 2017-03-22 Inst De Tecnologia Y Estetica Pharma S L Kit de utilizacion in situ para garantizar la calidad de un producto cosmetico aplicable a seres vivos
FR3102940A1 (fr) * 2019-11-08 2021-05-14 Nemera La Verpilliere Dispositif de distribution d’un produit, comportant une pompe
EP3821987B1 (fr) * 2019-11-15 2022-09-28 Aptar Radolfzell GmbH Distributeur de liquide à aération de bouteille

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FR2368306A2 (fr) * 1976-10-20 1978-05-19 Oreal Flacon vaporisateur a soupape de reprise d'air
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FR2487680A3 (fr) * 1980-08-01 1982-02-05 Lefrancq Laboratoires Dispositif pour preparer un solute therapeutique et procede s'y rapportant
US4533068A (en) * 1981-08-17 1985-08-06 Health Care Concepts, Inc. Sterile solution delivery and venting devices
US4612340A (en) * 1983-03-09 1986-09-16 Yoshinori Ohachi Medical device
DE3483475D1 (de) * 1983-05-20 1990-11-29 Bengt Gustavsson Anordnung zur uebertragung einer substanz.

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2669379A1 (fr) * 1990-11-21 1992-05-22 Promotion Rech Innovation Tec Pompe doseuse pour produits liquides.
EP0487412A1 (fr) * 1990-11-21 1992-05-27 Societe De Promotion, Recherche Et Innovation Technologique Valve doseuse pour produits liquides contenus dans un récipient sans pression
WO1994011115A1 (fr) * 1992-11-11 1994-05-26 Tee Enterprises Limited Atomiseur
US5727715A (en) * 1992-11-11 1998-03-17 Tee Enterprises Limited Pump type liquid dispensing apparatus with filter
US6082592A (en) * 1992-11-11 2000-07-04 The Enterprises Limited Carrier for a pump type atomiser
FR2762589A1 (fr) * 1997-04-28 1998-10-30 Sofab Flacon de distribution pour liquide, creme ou gel comportant un dispositif filtrant de l'air entrant
WO1998048943A1 (fr) * 1997-04-28 1998-11-05 Rexam Sofab Flacon de distribution pour liquide, creme ou gel comportant un dispositif filtrant de l'air entrant
FR2781767A1 (fr) 1998-07-31 2000-02-04 Valois Sa Dispositif de distribution de produit fluide
FR2781768A1 (fr) 1998-08-03 2000-02-04 Valois Sa Dispositif de distribution de produit fluide adapte a eviter toute contamination du produit contenu dans le recipient
WO2001017690A1 (fr) 1999-09-09 2001-03-15 Valois S.A. Pompe de distribution de produit fluide amelioree, et dispositif de distribution de produit fluide comportant une telle pompe

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3584441D1 (de) 1991-11-21
JPS61178570A (ja) 1986-08-11
EP0189549B1 (fr) 1991-10-16
US4694976A (en) 1987-09-22
DE3503354A1 (de) 1986-08-07
EP0189549A3 (en) 1987-08-19

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