EP0200131A2 - Process for the even dyeing of cellulosic fibres with reactive dyes - Google Patents

Abstract

In a known isothermal dyeing process, the alkali required for fixing the dye is added linearly or progressively to the neutral dyebath under program control. In this process, the amount of alkali added per unit time is initially small and increases progressively in accordance with a preprogrammed profile. This involves passing through a certain (uncontrollable) initial phase until fixation of the dye starts on the cellulose. Subsequently, the rate of fixation attains a maximum and then gradually ceases, to arrive at the final state of the dyeing. To shorten the initial phase (delay time) of dye fixation and in order to slow down the rate of fixation during the steepest part of the curve, it has been found to be advantageous to add the alkali according to a parabolic program.

Description

The dyeing of textile material from cellulose fibers by pulling out alkaline fixing reactive dyes from an aqueous medium is by far the largest and most important area of application for this class of dyes and, according to the previous procedures, usually takes place in the "all-in process" or in a "preliminary process" or in a "stage process", which differ from one another in terms of the type of process management. This takes into account the fact that there is a very high risk of irregularity if, in the case of a reactive dyeing of the dye and electrolyte-containing liquor at dyeing temperature, all of the alkali required for fixing is available at once, which results in a rapid increase in the fixing of the dye.

In order to counteract an undesirably fast fixation of the dye in the initial phase of the dyeing, the entire amount of dye, salt, alkali and, if appropriate, a textile auxiliary at low temperature (room temperature) is put into the pull-out bath in the usual "all-in process" fed dyeing machine loaded with textile goods; thereupon the batch prepared in this way is heated to the intended dyeing temperature and the measures introduced for coloring the goods are now brought to a end for a certain time under the set temperature conditions, the fixing taking place. According to this process, fast-fixing dyes are often used to achieve insufficient levelness of coloration in the presence of otherwise difficult material and / or machine conditions.

Because of this unsatisfactory staining result, there was no shortage of attempts to use the measurement of the alkali additions instead of a special temperature control of the treatment operation to control the course of the fixation (i.e. the reaction speed) and - in a modification of the previously mentioned staining technique - to do the job "Preliminary process" (introduction of dye and salt into the liquor containing the textile material at room temperature and then, after heating to the dyeing temperature, the fixing alkali in several portions and after certain intervals) or a "step process" (the one under fixing conditions hot liquor containing the goods and dye are first developed the salt and a relatively weak alkali and only later, in portions in 1-3 steps, the stronger alkali for final fixation) in order to achieve a more uniform coloring. However, this project was only achieved gradually, mostly by accepting extended total dyeing times, which means reduced production output.

In addition, the striving to achieve good levelness in the US patent US-A-4,372,744 describes a further dyeing process in which - unlike in the prior art discussed above - the dye at the fixing temperature in the cellulose textile as well as the alkali , Electrolyte and optionally a dye-containing dye bath is metered in such amounts that in each case, ie during the entire dyeing period, less than 10% of the dye fixed on the fiber at the end of the dyeing is present in the dye bath in a reactive form but unfixed. However, this method is not well suited for use in practice because an ongoing measurement / control of the concentration of reactive dye in the dyebath would have to be associated with an extraordinarily high outlay (HPLC or coloristic testing by separate series tests).

Furthermore, an isothermal dyeing process is known from the South African patent specification ZA-A-84/1967 and is in use in practice, according to which the dye, electrolyte, optionally a textile auxiliary and the cellulosic textile-containing aqueous dye bath containing the dye, electrolyte, and the like Fixation of the reactive dye required alkali is metered. The alkali is dosed automatically; it starts with a small amount of alkali per unit of time, and this addition of alkali is increasingly increased in the course of the metering process in accordance with a specific program. The progression of metering can be controlled between 0% (linear) and 100% (exponential or logarithmic) in 10% steps. The dosing time can be 30, 60 or 90 minutes. (see: "textile practice international", volume 39 (May 1984), pages 493-496). However, there are still some shortcomings to this process: The decisive factor for fixing reactive dyes on cellulose fibers is the presence of a certain minimum pH value. If you work according to the dyeing process claimed in ZA-PS 84/1967, depending on the composition of the dye bath and the programming of the alkali dosage, an undetermined (uncontrollable) time passes until the "critical" pH value is reached, at which the Most of the dye is fixed. This waiting time leads to an extended dyeing cycle or reduced production output.

For this reason, there was a need for an improvement and further development of the measures for optimizing the process conditions in the dyeing of cellulose fibers with reactive dyes, which is also the task for the present invention.

Surprisingly, it has now been found that the above-mentioned deficiencies in conventional Cel Lose loose fibers with reactive dyes if you do not control the dosing of alkali metal to the dyebath exclusively with a variable progression, but by carrying out this process in terms of quantity according to a parabolic program. This enables you to shorten the initial phase (waiting time) of the dye fixation on the one hand and on the other hand to slow down the dye fixation during its steepest course (increase in fixation depending on progression and time, illustrated by a graphical representation of the fixation curve), what has an extremely positive effect on the product image.

The present invention thus relates to a process for the level dyeing of textile material from cellulose fibers in an aqueous medium with alkaline fixable reactive dyes by the exhaust technique, which is characterized in that the alkali required for dye fixation in a continuous or quasi-continuous manner over a predetermined period of time away in a quantity depending on the type of a parabolic function per unit of time, which is metered in at a fixing temperature, containing the dye material, at least one such dye and optionally all other ingredients, but no fixing alkali.

Appropriately, the procedure described above is carried out automatically with the aid of a computer-controlled metering device (e.g. from the prototype shown in ZA-PS 84/1967), which is capable due to its design features, the alkali metering in the fleet immediately under fixing conditions according to the prescribed addition scheme to control.

According to the present invention, the addition of the fixing alkali to the alkali-free dye bath at a constant temperature temperature in the range of 30-100 ° C; but there is also the possibility that the temperature is increased or decreased during the actual dosing process. The isothermal procedure is preferred, with a relatively low temperature (range around 30-50 ° C.) or a relatively high temperature (range around 60-100 ° C.) being selected, depending on the type of dye or substrate.

The provisions according to the invention for the continuous or approximately continuous control of the addition mode based on the measurement basis of a parabolic function are to be understood such that at the beginning of the dosing process a relatively high amount of alkali per unit time, then a continuously or gradually decreasing amount of alkali per unit time , and finally a continuously or gradually increasing amount of alkali per unit of time until the consumption of the total amount of alkali required for dye fixation is entered into the dyeing liquor. The guidelines to be used for programming the amount of alkali to be metered in per unit of time depend on the type of reactive dye or its reactive anchor, the type of textile material and the type of dyeing equipment used (for stationary or moving goods). The characteristic of the dosing curve symbolized by a diagram (depending on progression and time) can have a relatively flat or relatively steep curve. The total metering process can generally be completed in a time between 10 and 120 minutes, preferably between 15 and 60 minutes, which makes up a substantial part of the total dyeing time.

wie z.B. der folgenden allgemeinen quadratischen Gleichung:

oder einer trigonometrischen Funktion:

Rational mathematical functions can be used to determine the course of the alkali quantity dosage, for example an entire n-degree rational function:

such as the following general quadratic equation:

or a trigonometric function:

• y = zu dosierende Alkalimenge pro Zeiteinheit
• x = Zeit
• n, a, b, c, = ungleiche oder gleiche reale Zahlen.

Here mean

• y = amount of alkali to be dosed per unit of time
• x = time
• n, a, b, c, = unequal or the same real numbers.

According to the invention, a quasi-continuous alkali metering is to be understood as a mode of operation in which the mode of addition for the alkali amounts follows the course of a parabola over the entire metering period, but in which the measures for metering take place in individual batches (e.g. analogous to the rhythm of a piston pump) or at which the addition rate remains constant for a certain time (seconds or minutes) and then gradually changes to reduced or increased values. The alkali metering according to the invention can thus also proceed in such a way that certain constant units of quantity of the alkali are metered in at such a time cycle that the course of a parabola is observed over the entire metering period.

The alkali to be used for dye fixation according to the process can be an alkali hydroxide, carbonate, bicarbonate, phosphate, metaphosphate, pyrophosphate, polyphosphate or another alkaline substance or a mixture of different of these alkalis, in particular the corresponding sodium compounds. The required menu The choice and selection of such alkalis depends on the type of reactive dye used or its reactive anchor and corresponds to the recipes customary in dyeing practice.

The process according to the invention leads to a surprisingly cheap, i.e. even course of dye fixation. This means that the dyeing process can be completed in a much shorter time than was possible according to the prior art and that one can still achieve excellent dye levelness.

For dyeing cellulose fibers or the cellulose fiber fraction of fiber mixtures according to the present invention, the organic dyes known under this generic term - regardless of the type of their fiber-reactive group - are considered as reactive dyes. This class of dyes is referred to in the Color Index, 3rd edition 1971 and additions in 1975 as "C.I. Reactive Dyes" and comprises chemical compounds with a dye character which are able to form a covalent bond with fibers containing OH groups. These are predominantly those dyes which contain at least one group which is reactive with polyhydroxyl fibers, a precursor therefor or a substituent which is reactive with the polyhydroxyl fiber. Particularly suitable as the base of the chromophoric system of these organic dyes are those from the series of the azo, anthraquinone and phthalocyanine compounds, it being possible for the azo and phthalocyanine dyes to be both metal-free and metal-containing.

Examples of reactive groups and precursors which form such reactive groups are epoxy groups, the ethylene imide group, the vinyl grouping in the vinyl sulfone or acrylic acid residue, also called the β-sulfatoethylsulfone group, the µ-chloroethylsulfone group or the µ-dialkylamino-ethylsulfone group. Derivatives of the tetrafluorocyclobutyl series, for example tetrafluorocyclobutyl acrylic acid, are also suitable for this process. The reactive substituents in reactive dyes are those that are easily removable and leave an electrophilic residue. In this regard, 1 to 3 halogen atoms on the following ring systems are of interest as substituents: quinoxaline, triazine, pyrimidine, phthalazine, pyridazine and pyridazone. Dyes with several identical or different types of reactive groups can also be used, as can combinations of dyes of the same or different types. Such reactive dyes of the type defined above often have more than one sulfonic acid group (apart from that in the reactive group of the dye) in the molecule, which can be distributed as desired over the chromophore, but are preferably bound to its aromatic radicals.

Dyes of the vinyl sulfone type are preferably used for carrying out the claimed process, with which the fiber reacts via an addition mechanism via the vinyl sulfone form of the dye and which have either the vinyl sulfone residue itself or the β-sulfatoethyl sulfone group as reactive anchors. Also of value as coloring substances are those dyes which, in addition to a reactive residue of the vinylsulfone type or precursor thereof, additionally have at least one group which reacts with the cellulose according to the substitution mechanism, e.g. a monochlorotriazinyl or monofluorotriazinyl group.

Among the cellulose fibers to be dyed according to the invention are cotton, mercerized or leached cotton, conventional regenerated cellulose fibers, (R) modal fibers and other vegetable fibers, such as flax. Likewise, the process according to the invention is suitable for mixtures of the abovementioned fibers with one another and with other fibers, such as, for example, polyester, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile fibers or silk.

The dyeing itself can be in the various processing stages or presentation forms of the textile material, such as as a flake, as a sliver, as a yarn, as a woven fabric, as a knitted fabric or as a fleece. All machines or apparatuses customary for such dyeings in the exhaust process can be used to carry out the new process.

The examples listed below serve to explain the inventive concept and are not intended to restrict the claimed method in any way. The percentages contained therein relate to the weight of the objects so designated. The reactive dyes mentioned are used in commercial form and quality.

example 1

gelöst in etwas heißem Wasser, sowie 12,5 kg Glaubersalz zugegeben und man läßt den Warenstrang anschließend 5 min bis zur-gleichmäßigen Verteilung dieser Zusätze unter gleichzeitiger Zirkulation der Behandlungsflüssigkeit laufen. Sodann wird bei weiterer Flottenumwälzung mit der Zudosierung von insgesamt 527 cm³ konz. Natronlauge (38°Bé) begonnen, wobei man den Dosiervorgang des Fixieralkalis portionsweise nach-gleichen Zeitabständen folgendermaßen gestaltet:

Während dieser Maßnahme wird die Temperatur des Ausziehbades konstant bei 40°C gehalten.A jet dyeing machine is charged with 25 kg of cotton woven fabric and with 250 l of water at 40 ° C. to carry out a dyeing process at a liquor ratio of 1:10. The fleet thus prepared is now 0.5 kg of a reactive dye of the formula

dissolved in a little hot water, and 12.5 kg of Glauber's salt added, and the product strand is then allowed to run for 5 minutes until these additives are evenly distributed while simultaneously circulating the treatment liquid. Then, with further liquor circulation with the addition of a total of 527 cm ³ conc. Sodium hydroxide solution (38 ° Bé) started, the metering process of the fixing alkali being carried out in portions after the same time intervals as follows:

During this measure, the temperature of the pull-out bath is kept constant at 40 ° C.

After the sodium hydroxide solution has been introduced, the textile material is dyed to the end for a further 20 min at the set temperature and this dyeing is then completed as usual by rinsing, acidifying, soaping and rinsing again. You get a gray color with very good levelness.

Examples 2 to 15

If, in the course of the dyeing process according to Example 1, instead of the reactive dye defined there by its structure, one of the reactive dyes mentioned below is used here and the other dyeing conditions are left unchanged, completely level dyeings are also achieved:

Example 16

If, instead of the cotton goods used there, a blend of 30% polyester fibers and 70% cotton is used for pulling out according to the treatment recipe of Example 1, a completely level gray dyeing is obtained on the cotton component, in which the polyester fiber portion of the dye material is then also used with commercially available Disperse dyes can be over-dyed until a plain shade is set.

Example 17

hinzu. Darauf beginnt man bei Aufrechterhaltung der Temperatur von 50°C im zirkulierenden Bad mit der Zudosierung von insgesamt 8800 cm³ einer mit Wasser im Verhältnis von 1:10 verdünnten, konz. Natronlauge (38° Be), wobei die nachfolgend beschriebene Dosierungsstaffelung eingehalten wird:

75 kg of cotton yarn in the form of packages are introduced into a yarn dyeing machine and the dyeing container is then filled with 750 l of water at 50.degree. 22.5 kg of Glauber's salt and a preparation of 500 g of a reactive dye of the formula dissolved in water are added to this liquor while the circulation pump is running

added. Then you start with maintaining the temperature of 50 ° C in the circulating bath with the addition of a total of 8800 cm ³ diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10, conc. Sodium hydroxide solution (38 ° Be), the dosage scale described below is observed:

The textile material is then dyed for a further 15 minutes while the liquor cycle continues under the same temperature conditions and then finished as usual. A pink yarn dyeing is obtained which, after knitting, leads to completely level piece goods.

Example 18

If you follow the instructions for dyeing as described in Example 17, but using yarn consisting of a fiber mixture of 70% cotton and 30% of a polyester fiber pre-dyed with disperse dyes, you will also get a completely after the dyeing operation on the cotton portion of the goods level pink.

Example 19

A dyeing machine is loaded with 2 kg of cotton sliver opened in the packing system and charged with a pull-out bath made of 20 liters of water at 40 ° C. Now, with the circulation pump running, this liquor is mixed with 1 kg of table salt and with a mixture of 20 g of the dye Reactive Blue 19 with the CI no. 61200 and 20 g of the reactive black 5 dye with the CI no. 20505, an aqueous solution containing 100 cm ^3/1 followed by conc in these staining formulation upon further circulation and a constant temperature. Sodium hydroxide solution (38 ° Be) and 300 cm ^3/1 calc. Soda contains, timed in the following manner:

After the dosing of the fixing alkali has been completed, the dyeing process is then completed within a further 30 minutes and at 40 ° C. and the goods so dyed are finished as usual. A deep blue, completely level coloring is obtained.

Example 20

welche vorher in 100 1 heißem Wasser vorgelöst wurden, zugegeben sowie unter Rotation des strangförmig geführten Textilguts in dem Färbemedium verteilt. Nach weiterem 10-minütigen Lauf der Zirkulationsflotte bei derselben Temperatur werden dem Behandlungsbad dann noch 24375 cm³ einer durch Auflösen von 15 kg Soda in Wasser angesetzten Lösung des Fixieralkalis entsprechend dem folgenden Schema zudosiert:

A jet dyeing machine is fed with 300 kg of cotton jersey and a fleet of 2700 l of water for dyeing after the pull-out process. After heating to 30 ° C., this bath is initially 110 kg of a reactive dye of the formula

which were previously dissolved in 100 l of hot water, added and distributed in the dyeing medium with rotation of the strand-guided textile material. After a further 10-minute run of the circulation liquor at the same temperature, 24375 cm ^{3 of} a solution of the fixing alkali prepared by dissolving 15 kg of soda in water are then metered into the treatment bath in accordance with the following scheme:

After 30 minutes of running the textile strand under the set conditions, the treated tricot fabric is finished as usual. The product image of the orange color obtained in this way is flawless and does not matter.

Example 21

und nach 10 Minuten zwischenzeitlicher Zirkulation fernerhin noch 140 kg Kochsalz im Verlauf von 30 Minuten sowie in Form von 3 Portionen zugesetzt. Durch Heizen wird dann die Badtemperatur innerhalb von 30 Minuten auf 80°C getrieben. Während dieser Periode werden in den Färbeansatz 52896 cm³ einer wäßrigen Lösung, hergestellt aus 10000 g Soda und 10000 cm³ konz. Natronlauge (38° Be), ratenweise entsprechend dem unten angegebenen Zeittakt eingebracht:

A reel runner with liquor circulation is loaded with 100 kg of cotton lining material and filled with 2000 liters of water. The liquor presented is now 3 kg of a reactive dye of the formula at room temperature

and after 10 minutes of intermittent circulation, 140 kg of table salt were also added over the course of 30 minutes and in the form of 3 portions. The bath temperature is then raised to 80 ° C. within 30 minutes by heating. During this period, 52896 cm ^{3 of} an aqueous solution made from 10,000 g of soda and 10,000 cm ^{3 of} conc. Sodium hydroxide solution (38 ° Be), introduced in installments in accordance with the timing indicated below:

On the goods colored in this way by pulling out, a completely level blue color is obtained after the customary post-treatment.

Example 22

welcher zuvor in 1 1 heißem Wasser vorgelöst wurde, in diese Ausziehflotte ein, worauf letztere innerhalb von 30 min auf 80°C aufgeheizt wird und während dieser Zeit 11,2 kg Kochsalz portionsweise zugegeben werden. Separat davon hat man unterdessen als Fixieralkali 14,69 1 einer wäßrigen Lösung angesetzt, welche 2820 g Soda enthält und die dann im Verlauf von 65 min im nachfolgend gezeigten Zeitrhythmus dem unter Fixierbedingungen befindlichen Färbebad zudosiert werden:

25 kg of cross-wound bobbins made of cotton yarn and 188 l of water are placed in a bobbin dyeing machine. After switching on the disposable circulation pump, 375 g of a reactive dye of the formula are worn

which was previously dissolved in 1 l of hot water, into this pull-out liquor, whereupon the latter is heated to 80 ° C. within 30 minutes and 11.2 kg of sodium chloride are added in portions during this time. Separately, 14.69 l of an aqueous solution which contains 2820 g of soda have been prepared as fixing alkali and are then metered into the dye bath under fixing conditions over the course of 65 min:

After the alkali metering has ended, the textile material is dyed for a further 30 minutes at the same temperature and then finished as usual.

To assess the dyeing result, the yarn was applied from two dyed bobbins to a fresh bobbin winds that the inner yarn layers of the first bobbin came to lie next to the outer yarn layers of the second bobbin. In this comparison, no nuance deviations could be determined, which proved a perfect level coloring.

Example 23

die man zuvor in 50 1 heißem Wasser gelöst hat, über das Ansatzgefäß dem Behandlungsbad zugespeist werden. In diese Ausziehflotte läßt man daraufhin unter fortdauernder Zirkulation sowie bei gleichbleibenden Temperaturverhältnissen einen wäßrigen Alkaliansatz von 119,4 1 Volumen, bestehend aus 9750 g Soda, 165 cm³ konz. Natronlauge (38° Be) und Wasser, innerhalb von 65 Minuten nach dem in folgender Tabelle vorgeschriebenen Zugabemodus einfließen:

In a jet dyeing machine, 500 kg of a round-knit tubular fabric, consisting of a mixture of 35% polyester fiber and 65% cotton, are loaded and 3100 l of water are let into the dye container charged in this way. With the circulation pump running, 65 kg of table salt are then added to the liquor presented and this is then heated to 50 ° C., after which 1620 g of a reactive dye of the formula

which have previously been dissolved in 50 l of hot water, are fed to the treatment bath via the preparation vessel. An aqueous alkali batch of 119.4 liters, consisting of 9750 g of soda, 165 cm ^{3 of} conc., Is then left in this pull-out liquor with continuous circulation and at constant temperature conditions. Sodium hydroxide solution (38 ° Be) and water, flow in within 65 minutes according to the addition mode prescribed in the following table:

After a further 30 minutes of dyeing time following the metering of the fixing alkali, the dyeing is completed as usual and then over-colored with commercially available disperse dyes. The nuance of the goods on the cotton component achieved in this way is immaterial.

Example 24

in 50 1 heißem Wasser gelöst, welche dann in diesem Stadium des Behandlungsganges innerhalb von 10 Minuten der Flotte über die Kochwand zugegeben werden. Separat davon sind zwischenzeitlich 13,8 kg Soda mit Wasser gelöst und auf ein Volumen von 119 1 aufgefüllt worden. Diese Lösung wird anschließend über ein Verteilerrohr in das unter Fixierbedingungen befindliche Färbebad entsprechend dem unten angegebenen Schema eingetragen:

92 kg of a cotton jersey mercerized as yarn are loaded in a reel runner without liquor circulation, the latter is filled with 1230 l of water and 69 kg of Glauber's salt are added, and the liquor temperature is brought to 90 ° C. while the reels are running. In the meantime, regardless of the treatment vessel, there is 1840 g of a reactive dye of the formula

dissolved in 50 liters of hot water, which are then added to the liquor over the cooktop within 10 minutes at this stage of the treatment course. Separately, 13.8 kg of soda have since been dissolved with water and made up to a volume of 119 liters. This solution is then introduced via a distributor pipe into the dye bath under fixing conditions according to the scheme below:

The coloring is complete after the dosing of the fixing alkali has been completed and is subjected to the aftertreatment as usual. The resulting blue-colored goods are perfectly level.

Example 25

A jet dyeing machine is loaded with 50 kg of cotton jersey. Then 430 1 of water are poured into the dyeing tank and 40 g of table salt are added; the temperature of the bath is 40 ° C. Then a mixture of 900 g of a reactive dye of the formula

600 g des Farbstoffes Reactive Orange 16 mit der C.I.-Nr. 17757 und 900 g des Farbstoffes Reactive Blue 19 mit der C.I.-Nr. 61200, die man zuvor in 50 1 Wasser gelöst hat, bei laufender Umwälzung der vorgelegten Flotte zugegeben. Zur Farbstoff-Fixierung setzt man außerhalb des Färbegefäßes eine alkalische Fixierflüssigkeit an. Dazu werden 2 1 konz. Natronlauge (38° Be) mit Wasser auf ein Volumen von 24,6 1 verdünnt, in einen Ansatzbehälter gegeben und der auf Färbetemperatur erwärmten Zirkulationsflötte nach folgendem Schema zudosiert:

600 g of the dye Reactive Orange 16 with the CI no. 17757 and 900 g of the dye Reactive Blue 19 with the CI no. 61200, which had previously been dissolved in 50 l of water, was added to the submitted liquor while the circulation was ongoing. To fix the dye, an alkaline fixing liquid is used outside the staining vessel. For this 2 1 conc. Sodium hydroxide solution (38 ° Be) diluted to a volume of 24.6 l with water, placed in a batch container and metered into the circulation flute heated to the dyeing temperature according to the following scheme:

The dosing is done by means of an electropneumatically controlled air pressure pump. The connected processor controls the dosing process according to the selected curve. The pressure side of the metering pump is connected to the suction side of the liquor circulation pump.

After 30 minutes of remaining dyeing time under the set conditions, the dyeing is finished, the dyed goods are rinsed as usual and washed hot. The levelness of the brown color obtained in this way is excellent.

Claims (5)

1. A process for level dyeing of textile material from cellulose fibers in an aqueous medium with alkaline fixable reactive dyes by the exhaust technique, characterized in that the alkali required for dye fixation in continuous or quasi-continuous mode of operation over a predetermined period of time in a manner similar to a parabolic function The amount to be measured per unit of time is metered into the pull-out bath containing the dye material, at least one such dye and, if appropriate, all other ingredients, but no fixing alkali, at the fixing temperature. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the alkali metering is carried out automatically under program control. 3. Process according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the alkali metering takes place at a constant temperature. _d 4. Process according to Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the reactive dyes used are those with reactive anchors of the β-sulfatoethyl sulfone or vinyl sulfone type. 5. Process according to Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the textile material comprising cellulose fibers is present as a mixture with polyester, polyacrylonitrile, polyamide fibers or silk.