EP0209360B1 - Verfahren zur Umwandlung von Si-H-Gruppen enthaltenden Silikonpolymeren in prokeramische Polymere und Keramikwerkstoffe - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Umwandlung von Si-H-Gruppen enthaltenden Silikonpolymeren in prokeramische Polymere und Keramikwerkstoffe Download PDF

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EP0209360B1
EP0209360B1 EP19860305444 EP86305444A EP0209360B1 EP 0209360 B1 EP0209360 B1 EP 0209360B1 EP 19860305444 EP19860305444 EP 19860305444 EP 86305444 A EP86305444 A EP 86305444A EP 0209360 B1 EP0209360 B1 EP 0209360B1
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group
carbon atoms
polymer
silylamide
organopolysilane
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EP0209360A2 (de
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Dietmar Seyferth
Yuan-Fu Yu
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G77/60—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule in which all the silicon atoms are connected by linkages other than oxygen atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L83/16—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers in which all the silicon atoms are connected by linkages other than oxygen atoms

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  • the present invention relates to a process for preparing silicon-containing preceramic polymers useful for making silicon carbide and silicon nitride/silicon carbide ceramics and for their pyrolysis to such ceramic materials.
  • preceramic polymer materials which can be pyrolyzed to yield silicon carbide, silicon nitride and other silicon-based ceramic materials.
  • Applications for such polymers include, among others:
  • US-A-4 482 669 describes a preceramic polymer made by reacting an organodihalosilane with ammonia to form an ammonolysis product and treating such product with a basic catalyst capable of deprotonating an NH group that is adjacent to a SiH group.
  • US-A-4 535 007 describes a process for preparing a silicon nitride-containing ceramic material from an R3SiNH-containing silazane polymer which is said to be rendered infusible by treatment with certain reactive metal halides by heating the silazane polymer to an elevated temperature under an inert atmosphere.
  • US-A-4 482 689 describes a process for preparing a R3'SiNH-containing metallosilazane polymers.
  • the Mark I polymer also contains some -[(CH3)2SiCH2]- units.
  • preceramic polymers can be processed to give ceramic fibers containing SiC, some free carbon and some SiO2.
  • these polycarbosilane-derived ceramics have a tendency to crystallize below 1200°C, they have a detrimental SiO2 content as a result of an oxidative cure step, and free carbon and a relatively low ceramic yield is obtained upon their pyrolysis for a commercial product. While the ceramic yield for the Mark III polymer is 68%, the yield for the Mark I polymer is only 54%.
  • the method according to the invention comprises: (a) mixing an organosilicon polymer containing Si-H repeat units with at least a catalytic amount of an organic metal amide or a silylamide in an organic solvent; (b) allowing the mixture of step (a) to react at room temperature or above; and (c) quenching the reaction mixture with a reactive electrophile, thereby forming said preceramic organosilicon polymer.
  • R1 is a lower alkyl group having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having from 3 to about 6 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted lower alkenyl group having from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted lower aryl group having from 6 to about 10 carbon atoms, a tri(lower)alkyl- or di(lower)alkylsilyl group or a di(lower) alkylamino group;
  • M is an alkali metal or one-half equivalent of an alkaline earth metal; and
  • metal silylamide in situ , in the presence of the organosilicon compound, as in the embodiment described below.
  • Aryl-substituted polymers of the type [R a Si(H)-(CH2) q ], and [RSiH] n (e.g., where R, or R a is phenyl), react in the same way as the above described polycarbosilanes and organopolysilanes to give new polycarbosilane/organopolysilazane, organopolysilane/organopolysilazane and hybrid polymers, respectively.
  • the polymeric metal silylamide is generated by treating the ammonolysis product of R1SiHX2 (R1 is as defined above and X is a halogen) with a basic catalyst capable of deprotonating the hydrogen from a nitrogen atom adjacent to a silicon atom.
  • R1SiHX2 R1 is as defined above and X is a halogen
  • the silylamide thus formed can react with the organosilicon compound, for example, the [R a Si(H)-(CH2) q ] already present.
  • the reaction mixture containing the organosilicon polymer having Si-H repeat units and the polysilylamide is stirred at room temperature and preferably heated at reflux in a suitable solvent such as tetrahydrofuran to complete the reaction.
  • a suitable solvent such as tetrahydrofuran
  • the resulting solution is then cooled and quenched with an organic halide or a silicon halide to produce the preceramic organosilicon polymers of the present invention.
  • the polymers formed by either method can then be pyrolyzed to yield ceramic materials in high yield.
  • Figure 1 is a proton NMR spectrum comparing a polymer formed by adding already preformed polysilylamide (III-37) with a 1:1 by weight physical mixture of polycarbosilane and preformed polysilylamide.
  • Figure 2 is a proton NMR spectrum comparing a polymer formed by adding already preformed polysilylamide (III-7) with a polymer formed with polysilylamide generated in situ (III-42).
  • Figure 3 is a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curve of polymer III-7.
  • Figure 4 is a TGA curve of polymer III-42.
  • treatment of, for example, organopolysilanes with a metal amide will provide higher molecular weight preceramic materials and improve the ceramic yield.
  • organic alkali metal amides are well known to the person of ordinary skill in the art. Examples include: potassium piperidide, potassium ethylamide, C2H5NHK, and potassium diisopropylamide, (i-C3H7)2NK, corresponding lithium, sodium, rubidium and cesium derivatives and the like.
  • Polymeric secondary amines may be partially deprotonated by a strong base to give polymers containing metal amide functions.
  • Such products also may be used to react with [(CH3SiH) x (CH3Si) y ] in this invention.
  • polymeric amines are: poly(ethyleneimine), [CH2CH2NH] n , or Ciba-Geigy ChimassorbTM944 polymer,
  • the ceramic product obtained when this compound is pyrolyzed contains an excess of "free" silicon, rather than the ideal 1Si:1C composition. Further, depending upon the particular process used to obtain the methylpolysilane, other deficiencies can arise. A ceramic yield of less than 50% after pyrolysis typically represents an unacceptable preceramic polymer.
  • organopolysilanes such as the methylpolysilanes obtained in the above reactions, upon treatment with catalytic quantities of organic metal amides or silylamides in accord with the present invention, yield preceramic polymers of higher molecular weight which upon pyrolysis give significantly higher ceramic yields.
  • Such polymers when prepared as described herein, are soluble in organic solvents.
  • the resulting products obtained when the organic alkali metal amides were used with the methylpolysilanes were white solids with a higher molecular weight than the starting material.
  • the ceramic yields obtained on pyrolysis to 1000°C typically are 50 to 60%, or more.
  • the diorganocyclopolysilazane comprises units having the formula [R1R11SiNH] m where R1 is a lower alkyl group having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted lower aryl group having from 6 to about 10 carbon atoms, a tri(lower)alkyl- or di(lower)alkylsilyl group or a di(lower)alkylamino group; R11 is defined as R1, and may be the same or different, and m is an integer greater than 1.
  • an alkali or alkaline earth metal silylamide More preferably, however, one utilises an alkali or alkaline earth metal silylamide.
  • Common metal silylamides that can be used in the practice of the present invention include: [R2R3R4Si]2NM wherein R2, R3 and R4 are each a lower alkyl group having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, a lower alkoxy group having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted vinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted allyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted lower aryl group having from 6 to about 10 carbon atoms, a tri(lower)alkyl- or di(lower)alkylsilyl group or a di(lower)alkylamino group, R2, R3 and R4 may be the same or different; and M is an alkali metal or one-half equivalent of an alkaline earth metal.
  • the metal silylamide can also be partially deprotonated cyclo-[R5R6SiNH] m containing [R5R6SiNM] units wherein R5 and R6 are each a lower alkyl group having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, a lower alkoxy group having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted vinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted allyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted lower aryl group having from 6 to about 10 carbon atoms, a tri(lower)alkyl- or di(lower)alkylsilyl group or a di(lower)alkylamino group, R5 and R6 may be the same or different; M is as defined above and m is an integer greater than 1.
  • Treatment of either the organopolysilane or the polycarbosilane with the alkali metal silylamides generally increases the ceramic yield in the pyrolysis of the resulting preceramic polymer.
  • Polycarbosilane polymers that are used in the present invention preferably contain a multiplicity of repeat units of the formula [R a Si(H)-(CH2) q ] (where q and R a are as defined above)(hereinafter polymers containing such repeat units are referred to as "polycarbosilanes").
  • polycarbosilanes The reaction of these polycarbosilanes with an organic metal amide or silylamide results in novel preceramic polymers. Typically, the pyrolysis of this new polymer gives a black ceramic solid in a yield that is about 10% to 50% greater than the parent polycarbosilane.
  • the polycarbosilane polymer should contain at least 25 mole % of repeat units of the formula II, i.e. [R a Si(H)-(CH2) q ], in addition to other repeat units, such as [R a 2Si(CH2) q ] (e.g. the Yajima polymers).
  • the polycarbosilane polymer contains at least 35 mole % of repeat units of formula II. More preferably, the polymer contains at least 50 mole % repeat units of formula II.
  • the polymer may also contain a mixture of repeat units of the above described formula, e.g., both [R a Si(H)-(CH2) q ] and [R a 'Si(H)-(CH2) q '] (R a ' and q' are defined the same as R a and q, respectively, but R a ' may be different than R a and q'may be different than q).
  • R a is preferably a lower alkyl group, more preferably R a is CH3.
  • Preferably q is equal to 1 - 3, more preferably it is equal to one.
  • the polycarbosilane and alkali metal silylamide are typically added in a weight ratio of polycarbosilane: alkali metal silylamide of about 10:1 or less. Preferably this ratio is about 5:1 or less. More preferably the ratio is about 3:1 or less. Most preferably the ratio is about 1:1.
  • the polymeric silylamide used has the formula [(R1SiHNH) a (R1SiN) b (R1SiHNM) c ] m .
  • R1 preferably is a lower alkyl group, more preferably CH3.
  • This patent describes the formation of novel preceramic polysilazanes by treatment of the mainly cyclic ammonolysis product of, for example, CH3SiHCl2 with catalytic quantities of a base, for example, KH in organic solvents, for example, tetrahydrofuran, THF.
  • the use of the polymeric metal silylamide of the formula [(R1SiHNH) a (R1SiN) b (R1SiHNM c ] m in one embodiment of the present invention upgrades the Si-H containing organosilicon polymer, for example, the organopolysilanes and the polycarbosilanes to new polymers which give a high ceramic yield on pyrolysis.
  • the weight ratio of Si-H containing polymer to metal silylamide can vary widely.
  • mole ratios of organopolysilane: polymeric metal silylamide from about 4:1 to about 1:4, and preferably from 2.5:1 to 1:2 typically provide useful results.
  • Weight ratios of polycarbosilane: polymeric metal silylamide from about 10 to about 1; and preferably from 5:1 to 1:1 typically provide useful results.
  • other ratios can be used depending on the particular starting materials and their pyrolysis characteristics.
  • organosilicon polymers thus formed by reaction of the organosilicon polymer containing Si-H repeat units with preformed [(R1SiHNH) a (R1SiN) b (R1SiHNM) c ] m , followed by treatment with an electrophile, henceforth will be referred to as "graft" polymers.
  • a reaction of (C6H5SiH) n with [(CH3SiNH) a (CH3SiN) b (CH3SiHNK) c ] m ( 1:1 molar ratio) in THF at room temperature gave a new organosilicon polymer which was found to be an effective ceramic precursor, giving a Si3N4/SiC/C ceramic product in high yield upon pyrolysis to 1000°C.
  • reaction product of organopolysilanes or polycarbosilanes with the polymeric metal silylamide results in a product that is self-curing as the temperature is raised in the production of ceramic material. Consequently, with these polymers it is possible to avoid the formation of SiO2 which results when an oxidative cure step is used. This again is an improvement over pyrolysis of the precursor silane compound alone.
  • R or R a is preferably a lower alkyl, more preferably, R or R a is CH3.
  • R or R a need not be the same and, as aforesaid, mixtures of Si-H containing organosilicon compounds and/or repeat units, e.g., [(RSiH) x (RSi) y ] n and [(R''SiH) x' (R''Si) y' ] n' , [R a Si(H)-(CH2) q ] and 1R a' Si(H)-(CH2) q '] and [(RSiH) x (RSi) y ] n and [R a Si(H)-(CH2) q ] can be used to obtain further flexibility in tailoring the properties of the aforesaid product.
  • [PhSiH] n (Ph is a phenyl group), cf , Aitken, C. et al., J. Organomet, Chem. , 279 :C11-C13 (1985), reacts in the same way as the above-described organopolysilanes to provide new organopolysilane/organopolysilazane hybrid polymers.
  • a typical organopolysilane starting material when R CH3 shows an observed proton NMR integration ratio, SiCH3/SiH, ranging from 3.27 through 3.74 (see Table 1).
  • the similar ratio for products obtained when the starting material is reacted with an alkali metal silylamide range from 8.8 to 14.
  • this nucleophile is MH, while in the second and third reactions, the nucleophile is a silyl metal compound.
  • nucleophilic attack on the [CH3SiH) x (CH3Si) y ] n system will recur during these reactions and some of these oligomeric species, which comprise the starting materials, are linked together, resulting in products of higher molecular weight.
  • processes that are possible as well e.g., Thus, not only anionic species but also silylenes can be involved as intermediates.
  • the "graft" polymer is formed by combining the already formed polymeric metal silylamide with the Si-H containing organosilicon polymer, for example, the organopolysilane in varying proportions in an organic solvent. Thereafter, the mixture is stirred at room temperature for sufficient time for the two compounds to react. Any organic solvent in which both polymer systems are soluble without reaction can be used. Such organic solvents include, for example, THF, diethyl ether, glycol ethers, alkanes, arenes and combinations thereof. The mixture may be heated above room temperature, and can be refluxed to speed up the completion of the reaction. After refluxing, the mixture is quenched with an electrophile, E-X, to form the organosilicon "graft" polymer.
  • E-X electrophile
  • the electrophile can be an alkyl halide, sulfate, or sulfonate; a halosilane; or the like.
  • CH3I or a chlorosilane is used, although other equivalent electrophiles well-known to those skilled in the art can also be used.
  • E is preferably a lower alkyl group or silyl group;
  • X preferably a halide, sulfate or sulfonate.
  • the organosilicon polymer formed by the present ("graft") process with the organopolysilane is typically obtained in yields greater than 85% based on weight of the starting materials with a variable molecular weight, typical values being in the 1800-2500 g/mol range.
  • This preceramic organosilicon polymer can then by pyrolyzed under inert atmosphere conditions to result in a ceramic material in high yield. Typically, pyrolysis under nitrogen gives ceramic products in a yield of 70-83%.
  • the organosilicon polymers formed by the present ("graft") process typically give ceramic yields 10% to 50% greater (based on weight of the starting materials) than the polycarbosilane (See Table 2) and have a variable molecular weight.
  • Figure 1 is a proton NMR spectrum comparing a 1:1 by weight physical mixture of the polycarbosilane and the polysilazane and a "graft" polymer formed by reacting the polycarbosilane with a preformed silyamide.
  • the NMR spectrum shows that a new polymer is obtained when the polycarbosilane and the silylamide are heated together in solution and then quenched with methyl iodide.
  • the CH3Si/HSi integrated ratio differ, 9.4 in the former, 8.7 in the latter.
  • the CH3Si H NH proton (at ⁇ 5.06) to CH3Si H (at ⁇ 4.50) proton ratio has changed from about 2 in the physical mixture to about 1 in the reaction mixture.
  • preceramic organosilicon polymers can then by pyrolyzed under nitrogen or an inert atmosphere to result in ceramic materials in high yield. Typically, pyrolysis under nitrogen gives ceramic products in a yield of 64-88%.
  • an " in situ" polymer is obtained by carrying out the cyclo-(R1SiHNH)/ n /MH reaction in solution in the presence of the Si-H containing organosilicon polymer.
  • the methylpolysilane or polycarbosilane is added to an organic solvent.
  • the cyclo-(R1SiHNH) n mixture (generated by reacting in solution anhydrous ammonia with R1SiHX2, where R1 is the same as defined earlier and X is a halogen) is added.
  • a basic catalyst capable of deprotonating the hydrogen from a nitrogen atom adjacent to a silicon atom. See U.S. Patent No. 4,482,669.
  • the reaction mixture gradually changes color and hydrogen is evolved.
  • the resulting solution is then stirred at room temperature for sufficient time for the silylamide intermediates and the Si-H containing organosilicon polymer to react. It can be heated above room temperature, and can be heated at reflux to speed the completion of the reaction. Afterwards, the reaction mixture is allowed to cool to room temperature, if required, and quenched with an electrophile such as CH3I or a halosilane, such as a chlorosilane, to produce the organosilicon " in situ " polymer.
  • an electrophile such as CH3I or a halosilane, such as a chlorosilane
  • the molecular weight of the " in situ " polymer is variable.
  • typical values of the polymer formed using an organopolysilane are between 1600 g/mole to 2750 g/mole. On pyrolysis this material provides a high yield of a black ceramic material.
  • the polycarbosilane-derived material provides a yield of a black ceramic material, that is typically 10% to 50% greater than that obtained on pyrolysis of the polycarbosilane (see Table 2).
  • the organosilicon polymer formed by either of the above “graft” or “ in situ” methods usually is separated from solution.
  • the solvent is removed by using techniques well known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
  • One standard method is distillation, preferably trap-to-trap distillation.
  • the polymer typically a white powder that is soluble in an organic solvent, is thereby obtained.
  • the " in situ " preceramic polymer differs physically from the "graft" preceramic polymer. Major differences are observed in their proton NMR spectra and in the form of their thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves.
  • TGA thermogravimetric analysis
  • Figure 2 shows the proton NMR spectrum of a graft polymer and that of an " in situ " polymer. Both polymers have similar starting molar ratios of [(CH3SiH) x (CH3Si) y ]: (CH3SiHNH), [1.5:1 and 1.45:1, respectively], in terms of initial reactants used.
  • the intensity ratio of the ⁇ 5.1, 4.7 to the ⁇ 4.0 proton signals is 12, while in the "graft” polymer this ratio is 1.
  • the signals around ⁇ 5.1 and 4.7 are due to the CH3Si H N proton while those around ⁇ 4.0 are due to CH3Si H protons which are attached to silicon atoms not bound to nitrogen. Accordingly, this difference in ratio demonstrates that the two polymers have different structures.
  • the TGA curve of the "graft" polymer is shown in Figure 3, while that of the " in situ " polymer is shown in Figure 4. These two curves differ as well.
  • the curves show that there is a small weight loss between 100°C and 200°C which begins at about 100°C.
  • the initial small weight loss occurs only at higher temperatures, approximately beginning at 175°C. Both types of polymers are useful as preceramic materials.
  • the use of the metal silylamide of the formula [(R1SiHNH) a (R1SiN) b (R1SiHNM) c ] m not only improves the ceramic yield of the organopolysilanes, but, more significantly, when this metal silylamide is reacted with organopolysilane of the formula [(RSiH) x (RSi) y ] n in the appropriate stoichiometry, the reaction product of [(RSiH) x (RSi) y ] n and [(R1SiHNH) a (R1SiN) b (R1SiHNM) c ] m (where m and n are integers greater than 1), after treatment with a suitable electrophile such as an organic or a silyl halide, incorporates both starting materials.
  • a suitable electrophile such as an organic or a silyl halide
  • Mole ratios of organopolysilane : polymeric metal silylamide from about 4:1 to about 1:4, and preferably from 2.5:1 to 1:2 typically provide useful results. However, other ratios can be used depending on the particular starting materials and their pyrolysis characteristics.
  • the excess of free carbon which can be a problem with the starting polycarbosilanes, can be dealt with by using a ternary system of: (1) the polycarbosilane; (2) the polysilazane (as the polymeric silylamide, either preformed or generated in situ ) and (3) a polysilane whose pyrolysis alone gives a ceramic product which contains an excess of silicon.
  • polysilanes are organopolysilanes as described above, for example, those which are produced by the sodium condensation of methyldichlorosilane. In these reactions the organopolysilane is preferably as defined above, i.e [(RSiH) x (RSi) y ] n .
  • R is a lower alkyl group, most preferably R is CH3.
  • R is a lower alkyl group, most preferably R is CH3.
  • an appropriate mixture of the three polymers (which can be calculated from the results of the analyses of the ceramic products of the pyrolysis of each individual polymer, e.g., the CH3I- quenched polymer in the case of the polymeric silylamide), one can obtain a ceramic product which contains a minimal excess of either element, carbon or silicon.
  • Such hydrid ternary preceramic polymers are soluble in organic solvents and, depending on component ratios used, are of variable molecular weight. Their pyrolysis gives black ceramic products in high (generally > 80%) yield.
  • Si-H containing organosilicon polymers for example the organopolysilane, or the polycarbosilane polymers containing repeat units of [R a Si(H)-(CH2) q ], for example, the Yajima polycarbosilane with the "quenched" [(R1SiHNH) a (R1SiN) b (R1SiHNE) c ] m organosilazane polymer of U.S. Patent No. 4,482,669 can be used since these react when they are heated together.
  • the combined polymers obtained by the "graft,” “ in situ” and physical blend methods can be converted to black ceramic fibers. Pyrolysis of pressed bars of the combined polymers to 1000 o C provides a black solid product.
  • silicon carbide powder was dispersed in a toluene solution containing 25% by weight of the combined organosilane/organosilazane polymers. The solvent was evaporated and the residue, a fine powder of silicon carbide with combined polymer binder was pressed into bars and pyrolyzed at 1000°C. A ceramic bar was obtained showing a low weight loss and slightly shrunken size.
  • Poly(methydrosiloxane), [CH3Si(H)O] n was purchased from Petrarch (Catalog #PS 122) and was used as recieved. Piperidine, diisopropylamine, and propylamine were purchased and were distilled from CaO before use. Reagent grade sodium shot was further purified by creating a dispersion in refluxing xylene and allowing this to cool, with stirring. This served to remove most of the oxide coating. Anhydrous ammonia was dried further by passing it through a KOH column.
  • the mixture was transferred by cannula to a heavy-walled centrifuge bottle and centrifuged.
  • the supernatant layer was transferred to a 1 liter round-bottomed flask (under nitrogen).
  • THF (50 ml) and hexane (30 ml) were added to the residual solid and the resulting suspension was centrifuged.
  • the supernatant layers were combined and solvents were removed by trap-to-trap distillation in vacuum until the residual liquid volume was about 100 ml.
  • This liquid was cannulated into a 250 ml single-necked flask and the remaining solvent was removed in vacuo to leave 13.2 g (0.30 mol, 48% yield) of a white, glassy solid.
  • reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours and then heated at reflux for 16 hours. After it had been cooled to room temperature, the reaction mixture (except for the large NaCl crystals) was transferred via cannula into a heavy-walled glass bottle. The mixture was centrifuged and the clear, colorless supernatant layer transferred by cannula into a 1 liter round-bottomed flask equipped with a stir-bar. Hexane (200 ml) and THF (20 ml) were added to the remaining solids, the mixture again was centrifuged, and the supernatant liquid combined with the supernatant solution previously separated.
  • Solvent was removed by trap-to-trap distillation until the volume of the residue was about 100 ml, and the remaining liquid was transferred by cannula into a weighed 250 ml round-bottomed flask. Remaining solvent was removed by trap-to-trap distillation at approximately 0.05 mm Hg (10 Pa) at room temperature to give 51.2 g (81%, 1.16 mol) of a cloudy white oil.
  • the pure liquid obtained by this procedure is very air-sensitive, particularly when its effective surface area is high, as when in contact with a fritted funnel or a paper or cloth towel (in which cases spontaneous inflammation may occur).
  • an average formula weight value 44 was assigned for the unit (CH3SiH) x (CH3Si) y . Therefore, in each of the following experiments, the number of moles of the reaction unit (CH3SiH) was calculated from the weight of the polymer used divided by 44.
  • the product formed in the THF solution gives a 60% ceramic yield, but it is of limited solubility in organic solvents and its conversion to ceramic fibers requires a curing step of photolysis/oxidation.
  • Preparation of the [(CH3SiH) x (CH3Si) y ] n in a hexane/THF mixture of approximately 6 to 7:1 resulted in satisfactory yields of a soluble product.
  • pyrolysis of this material resulted in very low ceramic yields, ranging from 16 to 27%.
  • the polycarbosilane a white solid, was purchased from Dow Corning Corporation. The following data were collected on it:
  • reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and 0.5 ml (7.9 mmol) of CH3I was added and the solvent was removed by trap-to-trap distillation, leaving a white solid (2.5 g, 94% by weight).
  • the reaction product is soluble in hexane, benzene, and THF.
  • the polymeric silylamide was prepared by the usual method, in this case by adding 1.0 g (3.0 mmol) of cyclo-(CH3SiHNH) m (mol. wt. 330), obtained by ammonolysis of CH3SiHCl2 in diethyl ether, to a suspension of 0.02 g (0.5 mmol) of KH in 10 ml of THF at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for two hours.
  • the hexane was removed from the supernatant solution by trap-to-trap distillation, leaving 9.6 g (96% yield by weight) of a white solid.
  • the polymer is very soluble in hexane, benzene, and THF.
  • a 250 ml round-bottomed flask equipped with a stir-bar, reflux condenser and a serum cap was charged with 0.10 g of KH (0.0025 mol).
  • THF 50 ml was added to suspend the KH.
  • the mixed polymer solution was transferred by cannula into the KH suspension.
  • the reaction mixture gradually changed color to light orange and hydrogen gas was slowly evolved.
  • the resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 14 hours and then heated at reflux for 1 hour. The light orange color of the solution persisted.
  • the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and 0.5 ml (7.9 mmol) of CH3I was added.
  • the solvent was removed by trap-to-trap distillation.
  • the product was extracted with 200 ml of hexane and the insoluble residue removed by centrifugation.
  • the clear, colorless supernatant layer was transferred via cannula into a weighed 250 ml round-bottomed flask
  • the hexane was removed by trap-to-trap distillation leaving 3.8 g (91% by weight) of a white powder.
  • the latter is soluble in THF, benzene, and hexane.
  • the resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours and then heated at reflux for 24 hours.
  • the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and 0.5 ml (7.9 mmol) of CH3I was added and the mixture was heated for several hours.
  • the solvent was removed by trap-to-trap distillation.
  • the product was extracted with 200 ml of hexane and the insoluble residue removed by centrifugation.
  • the clear, colorless supernatant layer was transferred via a cannula into a weighed 250 ml round-bottomed flask.
  • the hexane was removed by trap-to-trap distillation leaving 9.7 g (97% yield by weight) of a white powder.
  • the white powder is soluble in THF, benzene, and hexane.
  • the resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours and then 0.5 ml (7.9 mmol) of CH3I was added and the mixture was refluxed for 2 hours.
  • the solvent was removed by trap-to-trap distillation.
  • the product was extracted with 200 ml of hexane and the insoluble residue removed by centrifugation.
  • the clear, colorless supernatant layer was transferred via a cannula into a weighed 250 ml round-bottomed flask.
  • the hexane was removed by trap-to-trap distillation leaving 9.8 g (98% yield by weight) of a white powder.
  • the white powder is soluble in THF, benzene, and hexane.
  • the solution was cannulated into a 500 ml, three-necked, round-bottomed flask equipped with a cold condenser (dry ice-acetone) and two no-air rubber serum caps.
  • the solution was cooled to 0 o C.
  • An excess of anhydrous ammonia was bubbled into the reaction mixture during about 1 hour.
  • the reaction mixture was filtered with a Schlenk fritted filter.
  • the solvent was removed by trap-to-trap distillation to leave a viscous oil.
  • the latter was then distilled under reduced pressure (0.05 mmHg or 10 Pa) and the low boiling compounds (starting material and oligomers) were collected from 100 o C to 250 o C.
  • a very viscous gum remained (20.2 g, 49% by weight).
  • the product was extracted with 80 ml of hexane and the insoluble residue removed by centrifugation.
  • the hexane was removed from the supernatant solution by trap-to-trap distillation, leaving 3.6 g (89% yield by weight) of a white solid.
  • the polymer is very soluble in hexane, benzene, and THF.
  • the hexane was removed from the supernatant solution by trap-to-trap distillation, leaving 3.7 g (93% yield by weight) of a white solid.
  • the polymer is very soluble in hexane, benzene, and THF.
  • Ceramic analysis Large scale pyrolysis of the sample under argon (25-1000 o C, 10 o C/min): 77% yield of a black ceramic solid.
  • a solution of the polymeric silylamide was prepared as described above (3.20 g of CH3SiHCl2 ammonolysis product, 0.1 g of KH in 100 ml of THF). This solution was added, under nitrogen with stirring, to a mixture of 3.02 g of the polycarbosilane and 3.08 g of the liquid [(CH3SiH) x (CH3Si) y ] n polysilane in 50 ml of THF. The further procedure followed that described in G.(1)(a). The product polymer was isolated as a soluble white solid (8.40 g, 90% yield).
  • a solution of the polymeric silylamide was prepared as described in G.(1)(a) (3.0 g of CH3SiHCl2 ammonolysis product, 0.1 g of KH in 100 ml of THF). This solution was cannulated, slowly with stirring under nitrogen, to a mixture of 3.0 g of the polycarbosilane and 6.0 g of the [(CH3SiH) x (CH3Si) y ] n liquid polysilane in 50 ml of THF. The further procedure followed that described in K.1.(a). The white, solid product polymer was obtained in 92% yield (11.1 g). It was found to be very soluble in hexane, benzene and THF.
  • the polymer mixture prepared as in the previous experiment was dissolved in 20 ml of toluene in a 50 ml three-necked, round-bottomed flask. The solution was heated in reflux for one hour. The solution gradually turned cloudy. Solvent was removed by trap-to-trap distillation to give a white powder which is insoluble in THF, benzene, and hexane. TGA (25-1000°C, 10°/min): 75% yield of a black ceramic solid.
  • the mixed polymer prepared as in the previous experiment was dissolved in 10 ml of toluene and added to a 50 ml three-necked, round-bottomed flask. The solution was heated at reflux for 3 hours and the solution remained clear. Solvent was removed by trap-to-trap distillation to give a white powder which is soluble in THF, benzene, and hexane. TGA (25-1000 o C, 10 o C/min): 79% of a black ceramic solid.
  • the polymer prepared as in the previous experiment was transferred to a 50 ml round-bottomed flask and was then heated in a sand bath at 200 o C for 2 hours.
  • the finely ground powder turned to a foamy solid at the end of heating.
  • the heat-treated mixed polymer is insoluble in THF, benzene, and hexane.
  • TGA 25-1000 o C, 20 o C/min: 82% of a black ceramic solid.
  • the solid polymer blend then was dissolved in hexane. The solvent was slowly removed by trap-to-trap distillation to give a homogeneous mixture. The TGA curve of the mixture was again measured. TGA (25-1000 o C, 10 o C/min): 80% of a black ceramic solid.
  • the mixed polymer prepared as in the previous experiment was dissolved in 10 ml of toluene and added to a 50 ml three-necked, round-bottomed flask. The solution was heated at reflux for 3 hours and the solution remained clear. Solvent was removed by trap-to-trap distillation to give a white powder which is soluble in THF, benzene, and hexane. TGA (25-1000 o C, 10 o C/min): 76% of a black ceramic solid.
  • the polymer blend prepared as in the previous experiment was transferred to a 100 ml round-bottomed flask and was then heated in a sand bath at 200 o C for 2 hours.
  • the heat- treated mixed polymer is insoluble in THF, benzene, and hexane.
  • TGA 25-1000 o C, 10 o C/min: 86% of a black ceramic solid.
  • the polymer mixture prepared in L.3.(a) was dissolved in 40 ml of toluene in a 100 ml flask equipped with a reflux condenser and a nitrogen inlet tube. The solution was heated at reflux under nitrogen for 3 hours. Subsequent removal of solvent at reduced pressure left a white powder which was soluble in hexane, benzene and THF. The powder was finely ground and examined by thermal analysis. TGA (25-1000 o C, 10 o C/min): 76% yield of a black ceramic.
  • the two organosilicon polymers used for these experiments were prepared as described earlier.
  • the polymer (3.0 g) was loaded into a 3.9 cm x 1.3 cm x 3.7 cm rectangular steel die and uniaxially pressed at 5000 lbs. for 5 minutes. The polymer bar was then bagged and isostatically pressed at 40,000 psi for one minute. The sample was placed in a quartz tube in a tube furnace and pyrolyzed under nitrogen to 1000°C, heating at 10°C/min. A black, irregular-shaped foam product was obtained with a loss of 24% of the original weight.
  • the polymer bar (3.0 g) was prepared by the same procedures used in the preparation of polymer bar above.
  • the polymer bar was placed in a quartz tube in a tube furnace and pyrolyzed under nitrogen to 1000°C, heating at 10°C/min.
  • a black, irregular-shaped foam product was obtained with a loss of 26% of the original weight.
  • the bar of ceramic powder was then bagged and isostatically pressed at 40,000 psi for one minute.
  • the sample was placed in a quartz tube in a tube furnace and pyrolyzed under nitrogen to 1000°C heating at 10°C/min.
  • a slightly shrunk ceramic product was formed with a loss of 6% of the original weight.
  • the powder were loaded into a 3.9 cm x 1.3 cm x 3.7 cm rectangular steel die and uniaxially pressed at 5000 lbs for 5 minutes.
  • the bar of ceramic powder was then bagged and isostatically pressed at 40,000 psi for one minute.
  • the sample was placed in a quartz tube in a tube furnace and pyrolyzed under nitrogen to 1000°C, heating at 10°C/min. A slightly shrunk ceramic product was formed with a loss of 6% of the original weight.
  • sample III-37 was dissolved in toluene (ca. 10 ml). The solution was concentrated under vacuum until a fibrous, gummy material was obtained. Fibers approximately 1 ft long were pulled with a glass rod dipped into the gummy solid. The fibers were quickly placed in a fused silica crucible which was in turn placed in a quartz tube furnace and flushed with argon. The polymer fibers then were converted into ceramics by pyrolyzing them at 10 o C/min to 1000 o C. This produced black ceramic fibers. SEM micrographs of the ceramic fibers were obtained.
  • sample III-39 was dissolved in toluene (ca. 10 ml). The solution was concentrated under vacuum until a fibrous, gummy material was obtained. Fibers approximately 1 ft long were pulled with a glass rod dipped into the gummy solid. The fibers were quickly placed in a fused silica crucible which was in turn placed in a quartz tube furnace and flushed with argon. The polymer fibers then were converted into ceramics by pyrolyzing them at 10 o C/min to 1000 o C. This produced black ceramic fibers. SEM micrographs of the ceramic fibers were obtained.
  • sample III-40 was dissolved in toluene (ca. 10 ml). The solution was concentrated under vacuum until a fibrous, gummy material was obtained. Fibers approximately 1 ft long were pulled with a glass rod dipped into the gummy solid. The fibers were quickly placed in a fused silica crucible which was in turn placed in a quartz tube furnace and flushed with argon. The polymer fibers then were converted into ceramics by pyrolyzing them at 10 o C/min to 1000 o C. This produced black ceramic fibers. SEM micrographs of the ceramic fibers were obtained.
  • the polymer (III-37, 2.28 g) was loaded into a 3.9 cm x 1.3 cm x 3.7 cm rectangular steel die and uniaxially pressed at 5000 lbs for 5 minutes.
  • the polymer bar was then bagged and isostatically pressed at 40,000 psi for one minute.
  • the sample was placed in the quartz tube furnace and pyrolyzed under argon to 1000 o C, heating at 10 o C/min.
  • a black, rectangular-shaped bar was obtained with a loss of 32% of the original weight. SEM micrographs of the ceramic bar was obtained.
  • the polymer (III-38, 2.57 g) was loaded into a 3.9 cm x 1.3 cm x 3.7 cm rectangular steel die and uniaxially pressed at 5000 lbs for 5 minutes.
  • the polymer bar was then bagged and isostatically pressed at 40,000 psi for one minute.
  • the sample was placed in the quartz tube furnace and pyrolyzed under argon to 1000 o C, heating at 10 o C/min.
  • a black, rectangular shaped bar was obtained with a loss of 29% of the original weight. SEM micrographs of the ceramic bar was obtained.
  • the polymer (III-39, 2.36 g) was loaded into a 3.9 cm x 1.3 cm x 3.7 cm rectangular steel die and uniaxially pressed at 5000 lbs for 5 minutes.
  • the polymer bar was then bagged and isostatically pressed at 40,000 psi for one minute.
  • the sample was placed in the quartz tube furnace and pyrolyzed under argon to 1000 o C, heating at 10 o C/min.
  • a black, rectangular shaped bar was obtained with a loss of 27% of the original weight. SEM micrographs of the ceramic bar was obtained.
  • the polymer (III-40, 2.07 g) was loaded into a 3.9 cm x 1.3 cm x 3.7 cm rectangular steel die and uniaxially pressed at 5000 lbs for 5 minutes.
  • the polymer bar was then bagged and isostatically pressed at 40,000 psi for one minute.
  • the sample was placed in the quartz tube furnace and pyrolyzed under argon to 1000 o C, heating at 10 o C/min.
  • a black, rectangular shaped bar was obtained with a loss of 24% of the original weight. SEM micrographs of the ceramic bar was obtained.

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Claims (28)

  1. Verfahren zur Bildung präkeramischer Organosiliziumpolymere, umfassend
    (a) das Mischen eines Si-H-Einheiten enthaltenden Organosiliziumpolymers mit Wenigstens einer katalytischen Menge eines organischen Metallamids oder Sylilamids in einem organischen Lösungsmittel;
    (b) das Reagierenlassen der Mischung nach Schritt (a) bei Raumtemperatur oder höherer Temperatur; und
    (c) das Umsetzen der Reaktionsmischung mit einem reaktiven Elektrophil, um dadurch das präkeramische Organosiliziumpolymer zu bilden.
  2. Verfahren zur Bildung eines präkeramischen Organosiliziumpolymers, umfassend
    (a) die Erzeugung eines Polysilylamids in Anwesenheit eines Si-H enthaltenden Organosiliziumpolymers, wobei das Polysilylamid durch Umsetzen des Ammonolyseprodukts eines R¹SiHX₂ (wobei R¹ eine niedrige Alkylgruppe mit 1 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatomen, eine substituierte oder unsubstituierte Alkenylgruppe mit 2 bis etwa 6 Kohlenstoffatomen, eine substituierte oder unsubstituierte niedrige Arylgruppe mit 6 bis etwa 10 Kohlenstoffatomen, eine Tri-(niedrige)-Alkyl- oder Di-(niedrige)-Alkylsilylgruppe oder eine Di-(niedrige)-Alkylaminogruppe und X ein Halogen ist) in Anwesenheit eines basischen Katalysators erzeugt wird, der in der Lage ist, dem Wasserstoff eines einem Siliziumatom benachbarten Stickstoffatoms ein Proton zu entziehen, um das Polysilylamid in situ zu erzeugen;
    (b) das Einräumen einer ausreichenden Zeitspanne, um das in situ erzeugte Polysilylamid und das Si-H enthaltende Organosiliziumpolymer bei Raumtemperatur reagieren zu lassen; und
    (c) das Umsetzen der Mischung mit einem organischen Halogenid oder Halosilan, um das präkeramische Organosiliziumpolymer herzustellen.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
    wobei das Silylamid ein Alkali- oder Erdalkalimetall-Silylamid ist.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3,
    wobei das Metallsilylamid ein polymeres Metallsilylamid mit der Formel [(R¹SiHNH)a(R¹SiN)b(R¹SiHNM)c]m ist, wobei a + b + c = 1, R¹ eine niedrige Alkylgruppe mit 1 bis etwa 6 Kohlenstoffatomen, eine substituierte oder unsubstituierte Cycloalkylgruppe mit 3 bis etwa 6 Kohlenstoffatomen, eine substituierte oder unsubstituierte Alkenylgruppe mit 2 bis etwa 6 Kohlenstoffatomen, eine substituierte oder unsubstituierte niedrige Arylgruppe mit 6 bis etwa 10 Kohlenstoffatomen, eine Tri-(niedrige)-Alkyl oder Di-(niedrige)-Alkylsilylgruppe oder eine Di-(niedrige)-Alkylaminogruppe, M ein Alkalimetall oder ein halbes Äquivalent eines Erdalkalimetalles und m eine ganze Zahl größer als 1 ist.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4,
    wobei die Reaktionsmischung mit einem Elektrophil E-X umgesetzt wird, wobei E ausgewählt ist aus einer Gruppe bestehend aus Alkylgruppen mit 1 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatomen und Silylgruppen, und X ausgewählt ist aus einer aus Halogen, Sulfat und Sulfonat bestehenden Gruppe.
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4,
    wobei das Si-H enthaltende Organosiliziumpolymer Organopolysilan ist und das polymere Metallsilylamid in ausreichender Menge zugegeben wird, so daß aus der Pyrolyse des Silylamides erhaltener überschüssiger Kohlenstoff mit überschüssigem Silizium aus der Pyrolyse der Organopolysilanverbindung reagieren kann und so ein keramisches Produkt hergestellt wird, das im wesentlichen keinen freien Kohlenstoff und kein freies Silizium enthält.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4,
    wobei R¹ eine niedrige Alkylgruppe ist.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7,
    wobei das polymere Metallsilylamid die Formel [(CH₃SiHNH)a (CH₃SiN)b-(CH₃SiHNK)c]m hat.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6,
    wobei das Molverhältnis von Organopolysilan zu polymerem Metallsilylamid im Bereich von etwa 4:1 bis 1:4 liegt.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3,
    wobei das Metallsilylamid [R²R³R⁴Si]₂NM ist, wobei R², R³ und R⁴ jeweils niedrige Alkylgruppen mit 1 bis etwa 6 Kohlenstoffatomen, eine niedrige Alkoxygruppe mit 1 bis etwa 6 Kohlenstoffatomen, eine substituierte oder unsubstituierte Vinylgruppe, eine substituierte oder unsubstituierte Allylgruppe, eine substituierte oder unsubstituierte niedrige Arylgruppe mit 6 bis etwa 10 Kohlenstoffatomen, eine Tri-(niedrige)-Alkyl- oder Di-(niedrige)-Alkylsilylgruppe oder eine Di-(niedrige)-Alkylaminogruppe sind und R², R³ und R⁴ gleich oder verschieden sein können, und M ein Alkalimetall oder ein halbes Äquivalent eines Erdalkalimetalles ist.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10,
    wobei [R²R³R⁴Si]₂NM ausgewählt ist aus [(CH₃)₂(CH₂=CH)Si]₂NM und [(CH₃)₃Si]₂NM.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3,
    wobei das Metallsilylamid teilweise deprotoniertes Cyclo[R⁵R⁶SiNH]m ist, das [R⁵R⁶SiNM]-Einheiten enthält, wobei R⁵ und R⁶ jeweils niedrige Alkylgruppen mit 1 bis etwa 6 Kohlenstoffatomen, eine niedrige Alkoxygruppe mit 1 bis etwa 6 Kohlenstoffatomen, eine substituierte oder unsubstituierte Vinylgruppe, eine substituierte oder unsubstituierte Allylgruppe, eine substituierte oder unsubstituierte niedrige Arylgruppe mit 6 bis etwa 10 Kohlenstoffatomen, eine Tri-(niedrige)-Alkyl- oder Di-(niedrige)-Alkylsilylgruppe oder eine Di-(niedrige)-Alkylaminogruppe sind und R⁵ und R⁶ gleich oder verschieden sein können, M ein Alkalimetall oder ein halbes Äquivalent eines Erdalkalimetalles ist und m eine ganze Zahl größer als 1 ist.
  13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12,
    wobei Cyclo-[R⁵R⁶SiNH]m entweder Cyclo-[(CH₃)₂SiNH]m oder Cyclo-[(CH₃)(CH₂=CH)SiN)m ist.
  14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
    wobei das Silylamid ein Diorganocyclopolysilazan ist, das entweder teilweise oder vollständig ringgeöffnet ist.
  15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14,
    wobei das Diorganocyclopolysilazan Einheiten mit der Formel [R¹R¹¹SiNH]m umfaßt, wobei R¹ eine niedrige Alkylgruppe mit 1 bis etwa 6 Kohlenstoffatomen, eine substituierte oder unsubstituierte niedrige Alkenylgruppe mit 2 bis etwa 6 Kohlenstoffatomen, eine substituierte oder unsubstituierte niedrige Arylgruppe mit 6 bis etwa 10 Kohlenstoffatomen, eine Tri-(niedrige)-Alkyl- oder Di-(niedrige)-Alkylsilylgruppe oder eine Di-(niedrige)-Alkylaminogruppe ist, R¹¹ wie R¹ definiert ist und entweder gleich oder verschieden sein kann und m eine ganze Zahl größer als 1 ist.
  16. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
    wobei das organische Metallamid ausgewählt ist aus Kaliumpiperidid, Kaliumethylamid, Kaliumdiisopropylamid, entsprechenden Lithium-, Natrium, Nisidium- oder Cäsiumderivaten oder polymeren sekundären Aminen, die teilweise durch eine starke Base deprotoniert sind und Metallamidfunktionen enthalten.
  17. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13,
    wobei das Si-H enthaltende Organosiliziumpolymer entweder ein Organopolysilan der Formel [(RSiH)x(RS)y]n ist, wobei x + y = 1 ist, R eine niedrige Alkylgruppe mit 1 bis etwa 6 Kohlenstoffatomen, eine niedrige Alkenylgruppe mit 2 bis etwa 6 Kohlenstoffatomen, eine substituierte oder unsubstituierte niedrige Arylgruppe mit 6 bis etwa 10 Kohlenstoffatomen oder eine Tri-(niedrige)-Alkyl- oder Di-(niedrige)-Alkylsilylgruppe ist und n eine ganze Zahl größer als 1 ist, oder ein Polycarbosilan mit mehreren sich wiederholenden Einheiten der Formel [RaSi(H)-(CH₂)q], wobei Ra H, eine niedrige Alkylgruppe mit 1 bis etwa 6 Kohlenstoffatomen, eine Cycloalkylgruppe mit 3 bis etwa 6 Kohlenstoffatomen, eine substituierte oder unsubstituierte niedrige Arylgruppe mit 6 bis etwa 10 Kohlenstoffatomen ist und q eine ganze Zahl mit dem Wert 1 oder größer.
  18. Verfahren nach Anspruch 17,
    wobei das Polycarbosilan wenigstens 25 Mol% an sich wiederholenden Einheiten der Formel [RaSi(H)-(CH₂)q] enthält.
  19. Verfahren nach Anspruch 17,
    wobei R und Ra eine niedrige Alkylgruppe sind.
  20. Verfahren nach Anspruch 19,
    wobei R und Ra CH₃ sind.
  21. Verfahren nach Anspruch 17,
    wobei das Si-H enthaltende Organosiliziumpolymer ein Organopolysilan ist und x =1, y = 0 ist.
  22. Verfahren nach Anspruch 17 soweit von Anspruch 1 abhängig,
    wobei das Si-H enthaltende Organosiliziumpolymer ein Polycarbosilan ist und das Gewichtsverhältnis von Polycarbosilan:Silylamid etwa 10:1 oder weniger beträgt.
  23. Verfahren nach Anspruch 17 soweit von Anspruch 4 abhängig,.
    wobei das Si-H enthaltende Organosiliziumpolymer eine Mischung des Polycarbosilans und des Organopolysilans ist und eine ausreichende Menge des Organopolysilans zugefügt ist, so daß das aus der Pyrolyse des Organopolysilans erhaltene überschüssige Silizium mit dem überschüssigen Kohlenstoff aus der Pyrolyse des Polycarbosilans und des Silylamids reagieren kann, wodurch die Menge an freiem Kohlenstoff reduziert wird.
  24. Verfahren nach Anspruch 17 soweit von Anspruch 2 abhängig,
    wobei das Si-H enthaltende Organosiliziumpolymer Organopolysilan ist und Organopolysilan in ausreichender Menge zugegeben wird, so daß der aus der Pyrolyse des Silylamids erhaltene überschüssige Kohlenstoff mit dem überschüssigen Silizium aus der Pyrolyse der Organopolysilanverbindung reagieren kann, um somit ein keramisches Produkt herzustellen, das im wesentlichen kein freies Silizium und keinen freien Kohlenstoff enthält.
  25. Verfahren nach Anspruch 17 soweit von Anspruch 2 abhängig,
    wobei das Molverhältnis von Organopolysilan zu dem in situ erzeugten Silylamid im Bereich von etwa 4:1 bis 1:4 liegt.
  26. Verfahren nach Anspruch 17 soweit von Anspruch 2 abhängig,
    wobei das Si-H enthaltende Organosiliziumpolymer eine Mischung des Polycarbosilans und des Organopolysilans ist und eine ausreichende Menge des Organopolysilans zugefügt ist, so daß das aus der Pyrolyse des Organopolysilans erhaltene überschüssige Silizium mit dem überschüssigen Kohlenstoff aus der Pyrolyse des Polycarbosilans und des in situ erzeugten Silylamids reagieren kann, wodurch die Menge an freiem Kohlenstoff reduziert wird.
  27. Verfahren nach Anspruch 17 soweit von Anspruch 2 oder Anspruch 6 abhängig,
    wobei man das Gemisch unter Rühren bei Raumtemperatur reagieren läßt und es anschließend auf Rückflußtemperatur erwärmt wird.
  28. Verfahren nach Anspruch 17 soweit von Anspruch 2 oder Anspruch 6 abhängig,
    wobei das präkeramische Polymer unter einer inerten Atmosphäre pyrolisiert wird, um keramisches Material zu bilden.
EP19860305444 1985-07-18 1986-07-15 Verfahren zur Umwandlung von Si-H-Gruppen enthaltenden Silikonpolymeren in prokeramische Polymere und Keramikwerkstoffe Expired - Lifetime EP0209360B1 (de)

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US06/756,353 US4645807A (en) 1985-07-18 1985-07-18 Method for forming new preceramic polymers for SiC and Si3 N4 /SiC systems
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US06/781,934 US4650837A (en) 1985-09-30 1985-09-30 Method for converting Si-H containing polycarbosilanes to new and useful preceramic polymers and ceramic materials

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US5635250A (en) * 1985-04-26 1997-06-03 Sri International Hydridosiloxanes as precursors to ceramic products
WO1988001260A1 (en) * 1986-08-22 1988-02-25 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Method for using organopolysilazane precursors to form new preceramic polymers and silicon nitride-rich ceramic materials
US4869854A (en) * 1986-10-31 1989-09-26 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Process for manufacturing organic silazane polymers and ceramics therefrom
FR2664896A1 (fr) * 1990-07-20 1992-01-24 Rhone Poulenc Chimie Procede de preparation de polysilanes a partir de polysilanes halogenes.
DE19518325A1 (de) * 1995-05-18 1996-11-21 Wacker Chemie Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von beschichteten Keramikfasern, beschichteten Keramikfaser-Gelegen oder -Vliesen und deren Verwendung
US6627126B2 (en) * 2001-07-16 2003-09-30 United Technologies Corporation Method for preparing refractory carbides
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US4482689A (en) * 1984-03-12 1984-11-13 Dow Corning Corporation Process for the preparation of polymetallo(disily)silazane polymers and the polymers therefrom
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CA1263797A (en) 1989-12-05
EP0209360A2 (de) 1987-01-21
DE3687607D1 (de) 1993-03-11
EP0209360A3 (en) 1988-10-05

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