EP0219894B1 - Tendeurs à adhérence retardée et procédé pour la mise sous tension de béton ainsi que des éléments de béton précontraints - Google Patents

Tendeurs à adhérence retardée et procédé pour la mise sous tension de béton ainsi que des éléments de béton précontraints Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0219894B1
EP0219894B1 EP86201601A EP86201601A EP0219894B1 EP 0219894 B1 EP0219894 B1 EP 0219894B1 EP 86201601 A EP86201601 A EP 86201601A EP 86201601 A EP86201601 A EP 86201601A EP 0219894 B1 EP0219894 B1 EP 0219894B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hardenable composition
tendon
layer
tendon according
barrier layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP86201601A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0219894A1 (fr
Inventor
Adriaan Hendrik Verhagen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bekaert Cockerill SA
Original Assignee
Bekaert Cockerill SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Bekaert Cockerill SA filed Critical Bekaert Cockerill SA
Priority to AT86201601T priority Critical patent/ATE48459T1/de
Publication of EP0219894A1 publication Critical patent/EP0219894A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0219894B1 publication Critical patent/EP0219894B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a tendon comprising a tensionable core, an envelope formed by a hardenable composition and a shield, whereby the hardenable composition has a lubricating action and hardens after the core has been tensioned, said hardenable composition hardens without the supply of heat, whereby its components or preproducts are distributed over various distinct phases and whereby at least one continuous phase of the hardenable composition is provided with lubricating action, which after hardening substantially disappears.
  • Such a tendon is known from the British patent application GB-A 2 140 480.
  • the components according to the British patent application GB-A 2 104 480 are distributed over distinct phases in a quiescent condition, e.g. encapsulated in a myriad of very small capsules.
  • the arrangement is such that only by the relative movement between the core and the shield an activation is started to induce hardening of the hardenable composition.
  • the European patent application 0 105 839 describes a tendon which is composed of a core around which a hardenable composition is applied, which, in turn, is encased in a synthetic material layer hardened by radiation. When the tendon has been put in its place, the core is tensioned, and subsequently heated by passing an electic current through it so as to harden the hardenable layer around the core.
  • Such tendons are used for malk- ing, e.g. concrete structures.
  • the US-patent 3 111 569 learns a reinforcing product containing strands of fiber, plastic resins, catalysts, colors, and fillers in an endless assembly in an envelope ready-for-use as a preformed packaged cable-form reinforcing member.
  • the US-A-patent 3 060 640 learns the use of a prestressing tendon comprising a plurality of wires and a dry cement as filling material between these wires.
  • the dry cement is hardened or the wires are bonded to each other by water injection.
  • Another method deals with the so-called postten- sioning of tendons.
  • a rope encased in a shield is placed in a mould to be filled with concrete mortar. Subsequently, the rope is tensioned up to the required stress.
  • cement mortar is injected between the rope and the shield 30 as to obtain a bond between the shield and the central rope as soon as the mortar is hardened.
  • Such a method is particularly suitable for on-site jobs.
  • Another method of prestressing consists in using a stressing rope encased in a shield or sheath, whereby the stressing rope is freely movable inside the sheath (unbonded tendons).
  • the tendons are placed in a mould to be filled with concrete mortar and subsequently tensioned.
  • the concrete mortar is then cast and allowed to harden.
  • the tensioning anchors remain in position and provide the required stress in the tendons throughout the life of the structure.
  • This method offers the advantage that in certain cases the stress can be adjusted afterwards when this should be desirable.
  • An obvious disadvantage is that, in the case an anchor breaks, the entire stress may disappear with all its consequences.
  • a disadvantage of this known tendon according to the British patent application GB-A 2 140 480 is, that it is not possible to regulate or to control the speed of the reaction between the components or preproducts of the hardenable composition.
  • a tendon of the type as learned in the British patent application GB-A 2 140 480 is characterized in that there is also provided a barrier layer regulating the speed of the hardening reaction of the hardenable composition.
  • a tendon according to the invention there is a combination of three important properties:
  • a stressing rope according to the invention may be submitted to considerable elongation of the core during stressing; e.g. 5% elongation.
  • the rope is tensioned not before the concrete is hard so that during this process the core moves relative to the surrounding concrete.
  • the degree of blending of the phases of the hardenable composition during the tensioning process may be influenced by the nature of the core in terms of elongation and surface profile.
  • the sheath constitutes the barrier layer which consists of a hydrolizable synthetic material.
  • this layer consists of a synthetic material that is hydrolizable in an alkaline aqueous environment, e.g. 100% esterified polyvinyl acetate.
  • said material is as thin as possible to prevent lubricating action after hydrolysis, but, on the other hand, it must be sufficiently thick to serve as a barrier layer during the desired period of time.
  • the hardenable composition is formed by a layer adjacent to the core which contains a suitable epoxy resin and an adjacent layer containing polyisocyanate.
  • the tendon is placed in a casing, the concrete mortar is poured in the casing and the concrete is allowed to harden.
  • the tensionable core is tensioned by means of jacks and anchors.
  • the concrete contains, an amount of strongly alkaline water; a pH value of 13 is a normal value.
  • the sheath which is composed of a layer based on, say, polyvinylacetate, will, in the coarse of time, hydrolyse in the alkaline water present in the concrete. Subsequently the alkaline water comes into contact with the polyisocyanate-epoxy resin system lying directly beneath the barrier layer.
  • the polyisocyanate Under the influence of alkali and water, the polyisocyanate will be converted into a compound containing aminogroups such as, for example, the corresponding primary amine.
  • this amine In combination with the epoxy resin in the system, this amine will now form an epoxy resin- hardening system, whereby the duration of hardening will depend on the thickness of the polyvinyl-acetate layer and on the concentration of the polyisocyanate in the polyisocyanate-containing layer.
  • the epoxy resin contained in the epoxy-resin-containing layer around the core must have a hydroxyl number 0 in order to avoid premature reaction between the polyisocyanate component of the top layer and the epoxy resin.
  • the anchors will not be removed after the hardening process, although this would be possible. It is, however, important to note that the anchors are no longer essential for the action of the tendon. This means that, should the anchors be put out of service owing to e.g. corrosion, the tendon would maintains its normal function thanks to the presence of the hardened bonding synthetic material between the core of the tendon and the hard concrete.
  • This measure makes it possible to prevent premature reaction between the polyisocyanate layer with, for example, water vapour from the atmosphere.
  • the barrier layer is located between the phases of the hardenable composition and the shield or sheath is formed by an impenetrable inert profiled synthetic material layer.
  • the barrier layer regulates the diffusion speed of one or more components of the hardenable composition.
  • one of the phases contains an epoxy resin, while another phase contains an amine compound.
  • a suitable barrier layer may then be composed of polyethylene oxide.
  • the barrier layer may be composed, instead of polyethylene oxide, of another amine diffusible layer; however, a requirement is that the barrier layer contains no groups that trigger off a reaction between the barrier layer and the epoxy resin.
  • At least one of the phases of the hardenable composition has lubricating action. This can be achieved by adding one or more lubricants or viscocity-reducing agents, such as inert waxes, solvents, silicon products or polytetrafluorethylene products, to the phase concerned.
  • lubricants or viscocity-reducing agents such as inert waxes, solvents, silicon products or polytetrafluorethylene products
  • adding fillers shall not be required.
  • the hardenable composition is formed by a polyisocyanate and an epoxy resin.
  • the polyisocyanate whereby as already said an amine is formed, a molecule of carbon dioxyde per isocyanate group is liberated.
  • carbon dioxide may remain trapped in the hardenable composition and so lead to an increase in volume during the hardening process. In this way, it is evident that an excellent filling of the cavity inside the sheath is obtained.
  • the invention also relates to a method for tensioning concrete under the application of a tendon according to the invention. It is evident that the tendons according to the invention can also be used for making a prestressed concrete element made in a conventional manner in a workshop.
  • a tensionable core is shown with reference number (1); reference number (2) represents the first phase of the hardenable composition around the core, while reference number (3) represents a second phase of the hardenable composition.
  • Reference number (4) refers to a barrier layer applied around both phases of the hardenable composition, which layer (4), in this case, also has the function of a sheath or a shield. Preferably, a very thin, additional jacket is applied on this barrier layer (4).
  • reference number (5) designates a tensionable core; a first phase (6) of the hardenable composition is applied around this core; a barrier layer (7) is applied around this first phase and a second phase (8) of a hardenable composition is applied around this barrier layer (7); a shield (9) is applied at the outside.
  • reference number (10) again shows the tensionable core
  • reference number (11) refers to a first phase of the hardenable composition
  • reference number (12) refers to the second phase of the hardenable composition
  • Reference number (13) refers to the barrier layer located between both phases of the hardenable composition.
  • the tendon is applied as follows. After having been freed from the outermost thin inert jacket, if any, the tendon is placed in a mould to be filled with concrete; the concrete mortar is cast around the tendon and starts to harden; after complete hardening of the concrete the core is tensioned. During the hardening process of the system, the latter possibly being mixed due to the tensioning, the concrete mortar contains water with a high pH-value, e.g. a pH of about 13. At these high pH-values the barrier layer 4, e.g. polyvinyl acetate, will hydrolyze.
  • a high pH-value e.g. a pH of about 13
  • the barrier layer 4 e.g. polyvinyl acetate
  • the alkaline water of the concrete comes into contact with a polyisocyanate from the layer 3 so that the polyizocyanate is converted into a mixture of amine compounds.
  • these compounds can react with the epoxy resin from the layer 2, so that, together with the amine formed from the isocyanate, the epoxy resin forms a solid hard synthetic material.
  • a core 5 is enveloped by, for example, an amine-containing layer 6, which, in turn, is enveloped in a barrier layer 7 consisting substantially of polyethylene oxide.
  • an epoxy resin layer 8 is applied; finally at the outer side of the element there is an inpenetrable inert synthetic material layer 9 with profiled surface.
  • the diffusion process of the amine over the barrier layer 7 will start and continue until all epoxy resin has been converted.
  • Figure 3 shows that the phase 12 of the hardenable composition is a continuous phase, while the phase 11 is a discontinuous phase, which is distributed in the continuous phase 12. Between both phases there always is a barrier layer in the form of a jacket 13. As concerns the period of time between the hardening of the so formed hardenable system and the manufacturing of the tendon, the same time control is required as described for Figure 2.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
  • Clamps And Clips (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
  • Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)

Claims (15)

1. Organe de précontrainte comprenant une âme (1) qui peut être mise sous tension, une enveloppe formée par une composition durcissable et une gaine, la composition durcissable ayant une action lubrifiante et durcissant après que l'âme a été mise sous tension, la composition durcissable durcissant sans apport de chaleur, ses composants ou produits de base étant répartis dans diverses phases distinctes (2, 3, 6, 8, 11, 12), une phase continue au moins de la composition ayant une action lubrifiante qui disparaît pratiquement après le durcissement, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte aussi une couche protectrice (4, 7, 13) que régule la vitesse de la réaction de durcissement de la composition durcissable.
2. Organe de précontrainte selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la gaine forme la couche protectrice (4) et est composée d'un matériau synthétique hydrolysable.
3. Organe de précontrainte selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que la couche hydrolysable (4) est un matériau synthétique qui peur être hydrolysé dans un milieu aqueux alcalin.
4. Organe de précontrainte selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le matériau synthétique hydrolysable est l'acétate de polyvinyle.
5. Organe de précontrainte selon les revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la composition durcissable est formée par une couche (2) adjacente à l'âme et contenant une résine époxyde convenable et une couche (3) de polyizocyanate placée autour.
6. Organe de précontrainte selon les revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la composition durcissable est formée par une couche (2) adjacente à l'âme et contenant un polyol convenable, et une couche (3) contenant un polyisocyanate est placée autour de la composition.
7. Organe de précontrainte selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'organe de précontrainte est entièrement entouré par une enveloppe étanche aux gaz et aux liquides et qui est retirée avant l'utilisation de l'organe de précontrainte.
8. Organe de précontrainte selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'une couche de protection (7, 13) est placée entre les phases de la composition durcissable, et la gaine est formée d'une couche impénétrable d'un matériau synthétique inerte profilé (9, 14).
9. Organ de précontrainte selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce qu'une phase ou les deux phases de la composition durcissable sont continues.
10. Organe de précontrainte selon les revendications 8 et 9, caractérisé en ce que la couche de protection (7, 13) est une couche qui régule la vitesse de diffusion d'un ou plusieurs des composants de la composition durcissable.
11. Organe de précontrainte selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 8 à 10, caractérisé en ce que l'une des phases contient une résine époxyde, une autre phase est un composé d'amine, et la couche de protection contient pratiquement de l'oxyde de polyéthylène.
12. Organe de précontrainte selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que l'une des phases au moins a une action lubrifiante obtenue par mélange de cette phase avec un ou plusieurs lubrifiants ou agents réduisant la viscosité tels que des cirez inertes, des solvants, des produits du silicium ou des produits à base de polytétra- fluoréthylène..
13. Organe de précontrainte selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que l'une des phases au moins formant la composition durcissable contient un matériau de charge.
14. Procédé de mise du béton sous contrainte, caractérisé en ce qu'un organe de précontrainte selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 13 est utilisé.
15. Elément précontraint de béton obtenu de manière connue par application d'un organe de précontrainte selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13.
EP86201601A 1985-09-20 1986-09-18 Tendeurs à adhérence retardée et procédé pour la mise sous tension de béton ainsi que des éléments de béton précontraints Expired EP0219894B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86201601T ATE48459T1 (de) 1985-09-20 1986-09-18 Spannelemente mit zurueckgestellter haftung und verfahren zum spannen von beton sowie vorgespannten betonelementen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL8502588A NL8502588A (nl) 1985-09-20 1985-09-20 Voorspanelement met uitgestelde hechting en werkwijze voor het spannen van beton alsmede voorgespannen betonelement.
NL8502588 1985-09-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0219894A1 EP0219894A1 (fr) 1987-04-29
EP0219894B1 true EP0219894B1 (fr) 1989-12-06

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86201601A Expired EP0219894B1 (fr) 1985-09-20 1986-09-18 Tendeurs à adhérence retardée et procédé pour la mise sous tension de béton ainsi que des éléments de béton précontraints

Country Status (5)

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EP (1) EP0219894B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE48459T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3667313D1 (fr)
NL (1) NL8502588A (fr)
NO (1) NO863749L (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS63167836A (ja) * 1986-12-28 1988-07-11 神鋼鋼線工業株式会社 プレストレストコンクリ−ト用緊張材およびその使用方法
US5254190A (en) * 1986-12-28 1993-10-19 Shinko Kosen Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Tendons for prestressed concrete structures and method of using such tendons
JPH0811791B2 (ja) * 1987-07-27 1996-02-07 神鋼鋼線工業株式会社 プレストレストコンクリート緊張材用塗布材料
AU625551B2 (en) * 1990-02-08 1992-07-16 Shinko Wire Company, Ltd also known as Shinko Kosen Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Tendons for prestressed concrete structures and method of using and process for making such tendons
DE19504235A1 (de) * 1995-02-09 1996-08-14 Ipa Isorast Int Verfahren zur Herstellung von wärmeisolierten Tafeln für die Großtafelbauweise
DE19711002C2 (de) * 1997-03-17 1999-12-30 Suspa Spannbeton Gmbh Vorgefertigtes Zugglied, insbesondere als Umfangsspannglied für Großbehälter aus Beton

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3646748A (en) * 1970-03-24 1972-03-07 Frederic A Lang Tendons for prestressed concrete and process for making such tendons

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3111569A (en) * 1958-06-20 1963-11-19 Rubenstein David Packaged laminated constructions
GB935557A (en) * 1959-01-26 1963-08-28 Jack Vernon Welborn Improvements in or relating to stressing concrete
US3060640A (en) * 1959-06-11 1962-10-30 Span Tendons Ltd Cables for prestressing concrete
GB2140480B (en) * 1983-05-25 1986-04-23 Psc Freyssinet Ltd Bonded tendons

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3646748A (en) * 1970-03-24 1972-03-07 Frederic A Lang Tendons for prestressed concrete and process for making such tendons

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3667313D1 (de) 1990-01-11
NL8502588A (nl) 1987-04-16
NO863749D0 (no) 1986-09-19
NO863749L (no) 1987-03-23
ATE48459T1 (de) 1989-12-15
EP0219894A1 (fr) 1987-04-29

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