EP0230904A2 - Faisceau de bouteilles - Google Patents
Faisceau de bouteilles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0230904A2 EP0230904A2 EP87100378A EP87100378A EP0230904A2 EP 0230904 A2 EP0230904 A2 EP 0230904A2 EP 87100378 A EP87100378 A EP 87100378A EP 87100378 A EP87100378 A EP 87100378A EP 0230904 A2 EP0230904 A2 EP 0230904A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bottles
- cover
- gas
- heat
- bottle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/12—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures
- F17C13/123—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures for gas bottles, cylinders or reservoirs for tank vehicles or for railway tank wagons
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
- F17C1/12—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge with provision for thermal insulation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/01—Shape
- F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
- F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/03—Orientation
- F17C2201/032—Orientation with substantially vertical main axis
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/05—Size
- F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
- F17C2203/0329—Foam
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
- F17C2203/0607—Coatings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
- F17C2205/0103—Exterior arrangements
- F17C2205/0111—Boxes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
- F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
- F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
- F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
- F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
- F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
- F17C2205/0142—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels bundled in parallel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0323—Valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0323—Valves
- F17C2205/0329—Valves manually actuated
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0388—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters
- F17C2205/0394—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters in direct contact with the pressure vessel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0107—Single phase
- F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
- F17C2260/012—Reducing weight
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
- F17C2260/023—Avoiding overheating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
- F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
- F17C2270/0171—Trucks
Definitions
- the invention relates to a bottle bundle for the storage and transport of gases with at least two bottles and a cover that separates the gas technology devices from the gas containers.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying such a bundle of bottles in which the bottles are to a high degree protected against the effects of heat from outside.
- the cover at least partially consists of a heat protection material that inflates under the influence of heat and becomes poorly heat-conducting.
- the bottle bundle which consists of gas bottles filled with flammable gases or with gases that can easily decompose under the influence of heat, is equipped with a cover such that, in the event of overheating, the bottles are shielded from the heat source by inflating heat protection material are.
- intumescent material for the cover has the particular advantage that the cover material expands and thus forms a heat shield. Intumescent material develops a foam at high temperatures. This intumescent foam is particularly resistant to flames. The dangerous and feared cracking of gas bottles or the destruction of decomposable gases by high temperatures can be practically excluded.
- intumescent material is particularly advantageous because it can be shaped and arranged in such a way that individual shaped pieces can be placed over each bottle through corresponding holes in a bundle of bottles and only inflate in the event of a fire.
- the intumescent material has the advantage that it is easy to process, which is important when assembling bottle bundles.
- the cover must be installed in accordance with the arrangement and shape of the bottle bundle so that the gas technology equipment is just outside the cover. This means that the operation and assembly of the gas technology equipment during gas filling and emptying are not impeded.
- the intumescent material offers the advantage that the additional weight that occurs due to the coated metal sheet can be minimized. A carrier material and the associated increase in the bundle weight is eliminated.
- the heat protection material can also be located between the individual bottles of the bundle, preferably in their shoulder area.
- This embodiment of the inventive concept is used in particular in the case of trailer bundles and in the transport of individual bundles. The advantage can be seen in the lower weight of the heat protection material while at the same time providing optimal protection against the effects of heat from the outside.
- the cover of the bottle bundle consists of a carrier plate with a coating of heat protection material. This variant is used in cases where greater stability of the bottle bundle and the cover is required.
- FIG 1 In Figure 1, four bottles 1 to 4 are shown. The bottles are combined into a bundle of bottles.
- FIG. 1 and 2 two of the possible arrangements of the cover made of heat protection material are shown.
- the bottle covers for bottles 1 and 2 in FIG. 1 and bottles 9 in FIG. 2 are solid, which means that the heat protection material is adapted to the shape of the bottle on the inside, but is in complete contact with the neighboring bottle covers on the outside.
- the cover 5 is mounted so that only the bottle body 1 and 2 are covered, while the respective gas technology, consisting of bottle valve 6 and hoses 7 and the common piping 8 are arranged outside the cover. Seen from above, the cover, as the arrangement 9 in FIG. 2 shows, can have a square outer shape.
- FIG. 1 The second possible embodiment of the device according to the invention is shown in FIG. 1 with reference to bottles 3 and 4 and in FIG. 2 with bottles 10.
- the cover 11 made of heat protection material forms a kind of hood with the same thickness everywhere around the upper area of the bottles, that is between the shoulder area and the connection point with the gas-technical devices 6, 7, 8. From the top view of the bottle bundle 10 in FIG. 2 it can be seen that in this case there are still small gaps between the bottle covers.
- the cover which is made of intumescent material, expands and prevents the bottle body and thus the gas in which it is heated firstly, to shield the bottles from the flames because there are no gaps between the individual bottles, and secondly, because the intumescent foam is resistant to fire.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Thermal Insulation (AREA)
- Buffer Packaging (AREA)
- Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT87100378T ATE39176T1 (de) | 1986-01-23 | 1987-01-14 | Flaschenbuendel. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19863601886 DE3601886A1 (de) | 1986-01-23 | 1986-01-23 | Flaschenbuendel |
| DE3601886 | 1986-01-23 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0230904A2 true EP0230904A2 (fr) | 1987-08-05 |
| EP0230904A3 EP0230904A3 (en) | 1987-09-02 |
| EP0230904B1 EP0230904B1 (fr) | 1988-12-07 |
Family
ID=6292411
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP87100378A Expired EP0230904B1 (fr) | 1986-01-23 | 1987-01-14 | Faisceau de bouteilles |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0230904B1 (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE39176T1 (fr) |
| DE (2) | DE3601886A1 (fr) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102012018881A1 (de) | 2012-09-25 | 2014-03-27 | Messer Gaspack Gmbh | Stapelbares Druckgasflaschenbündel |
| WO2014053376A1 (fr) | 2012-10-06 | 2014-04-10 | Messer Gaspack Gmbh | Cadres de bouteilles de gaz comprimé |
| CN104019355A (zh) * | 2014-05-09 | 2014-09-03 | 南通龙鹰真空成套设备科技有限公司 | 多层缠绕真空绝热气瓶抽真空系统装备循环加热房 |
| EP3339717A1 (fr) * | 2016-12-20 | 2018-06-27 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Système de retenue de récipient de stockage de fluide, appareil d'emballage de récipient de stockage de fluide pouvant être mis sous pression et procédé de remplissage d'une pluralité de récipients de stockage de fluide pouvant être mis sous pression |
| DE102020005590A1 (de) | 2020-09-12 | 2022-03-17 | Messer Gaspack Gmbh | Anordnung zum Speichern von Gas |
| EP3885637B1 (fr) * | 2020-03-26 | 2025-07-16 | SOL S.p.A. | Dispositif d'alimentation d'un gaz doté d'une pluralité de récipients de gaz couplés à un collecteur |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6695365B2 (ja) * | 2018-01-25 | 2020-05-20 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 高圧タンク構造体 |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2327628A (en) * | 1940-03-14 | 1943-08-24 | Ewing Robert | Thermal shield for tank heads |
| US2650206A (en) * | 1950-04-25 | 1953-08-25 | Goodrich Co B F | Heat-resistant composition and method of making same |
-
1986
- 1986-01-23 DE DE19863601886 patent/DE3601886A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1987
- 1987-01-14 AT AT87100378T patent/ATE39176T1/de active
- 1987-01-14 EP EP87100378A patent/EP0230904B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1987-01-14 DE DE8787100378T patent/DE3760020D1/de not_active Expired
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102012018881A1 (de) | 2012-09-25 | 2014-03-27 | Messer Gaspack Gmbh | Stapelbares Druckgasflaschenbündel |
| WO2014048966A2 (fr) | 2012-09-25 | 2014-04-03 | Messer Gaspack Gmbh | Assemblage de bouteilles de gaz sous pression empilable |
| WO2014053376A1 (fr) | 2012-10-06 | 2014-04-10 | Messer Gaspack Gmbh | Cadres de bouteilles de gaz comprimé |
| DE102012019702A1 (de) | 2012-10-06 | 2014-04-10 | Messer Gaspack Gmbh | Druckgasflaschenbündel |
| CN104019355A (zh) * | 2014-05-09 | 2014-09-03 | 南通龙鹰真空成套设备科技有限公司 | 多层缠绕真空绝热气瓶抽真空系统装备循环加热房 |
| CN104019355B (zh) * | 2014-05-09 | 2016-01-27 | 南通龙鹰真空成套设备科技有限公司 | 多层缠绕真空绝热气瓶抽真空系统装备循环加热房 |
| EP3339717A1 (fr) * | 2016-12-20 | 2018-06-27 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Système de retenue de récipient de stockage de fluide, appareil d'emballage de récipient de stockage de fluide pouvant être mis sous pression et procédé de remplissage d'une pluralité de récipients de stockage de fluide pouvant être mis sous pression |
| EP3885637B1 (fr) * | 2020-03-26 | 2025-07-16 | SOL S.p.A. | Dispositif d'alimentation d'un gaz doté d'une pluralité de récipients de gaz couplés à un collecteur |
| DE102020005590A1 (de) | 2020-09-12 | 2022-03-17 | Messer Gaspack Gmbh | Anordnung zum Speichern von Gas |
| WO2022053509A1 (fr) | 2020-09-12 | 2022-03-17 | Messer Gaspack Gmbh | Système de stockage de gaz |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3760020D1 (en) | 1989-01-12 |
| ATE39176T1 (de) | 1988-12-15 |
| EP0230904B1 (fr) | 1988-12-07 |
| DE3601886A1 (de) | 1987-07-30 |
| EP0230904A3 (en) | 1987-09-02 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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| PUAL | Search report despatched |
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| AK | Designated contracting states |
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| RHK1 | Main classification (correction) |
Ipc: F17C 1/12 |
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| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19871027 |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19880412 |
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