EP0249059B1 - Actionnement par air comprimé pour des dispositifs de poinçonnage, coupe et estampage - Google Patents

Actionnement par air comprimé pour des dispositifs de poinçonnage, coupe et estampage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0249059B1
EP0249059B1 EP87107223A EP87107223A EP0249059B1 EP 0249059 B1 EP0249059 B1 EP 0249059B1 EP 87107223 A EP87107223 A EP 87107223A EP 87107223 A EP87107223 A EP 87107223A EP 0249059 B1 EP0249059 B1 EP 0249059B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
cylinder
piston rod
pneumatic
accordance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87107223A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0249059A1 (fr
Inventor
Alfred Dipl.-Ing. Schmeck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kramer and Grebe & Co KG Maschinenfabrik GmbH
Original Assignee
Kramer and Grebe & Co KG Maschinenfabrik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kramer and Grebe & Co KG Maschinenfabrik GmbH filed Critical Kramer and Grebe & Co KG Maschinenfabrik GmbH
Priority to AT87107223T priority Critical patent/ATE50722T1/de
Publication of EP0249059A1 publication Critical patent/EP0249059A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0249059B1 publication Critical patent/EP0249059B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/01—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work
    • B26D1/04—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a linearly-movable cutting member
    • B26D1/06—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a linearly-movable cutting member wherein the cutting member reciprocates
    • B26D1/08—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a linearly-movable cutting member wherein the cutting member reciprocates of the guillotine type
    • B26D1/09—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a linearly-movable cutting member wherein the cutting member reciprocates of the guillotine type with a plurality of cutting members
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D5/00—Arrangements for operating and controlling machines or devices for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D5/08—Means for actuating the cutting member to effect the cut
    • B26D5/12—Fluid-pressure means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/869—Means to drive or to guide tool
    • Y10T83/8735—With means providing for plural steps in tool stroke
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/869—Means to drive or to guide tool
    • Y10T83/8821—With simple rectilinear reciprocating motion only
    • Y10T83/8827—Means to vary force on, or speed of, tool during stroke
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/869—Means to drive or to guide tool
    • Y10T83/8821—With simple rectilinear reciprocating motion only
    • Y10T83/8858—Fluid pressure actuated
    • Y10T83/8864—Plural cylinders

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a compressed air drive for punching, cutting and embossing devices, with two mutually movable tool parts, one of which is advantageously firmly connected to the machine frame at least in the working position, in particular for cutting devices for packaging machines with a large opening width.
  • the invention is based on the object of designing a drive for punching, cutting and embossing devices of the type mentioned at the outset such that they can be produced with an essentially arbitrarily large opening gap so that they can be operated with a low pressure when the tool parts are moved together, so that additional safety devices can be dispensed with, that the drive is simple in construction and economical in production with a relatively small construction volume, and that the required clamping force and thus cutting, embossing and punching force can be generated at the same time.
  • the compressed air drive for punching, cutting and embossing devices thus consists of at least one compressed air cylinder which is connected to the movable tool part.
  • the piston rod of the compressed air cylinder is connected to a further piston rod of a second compressed air clamping element, which can be fixed on the machine frame. If a flat top film is used here, it can be permanently connected to the machine frame. In the other case, this must also be designed to be raised and lowered.
  • the compressed air cylinder which is connected to the movable tool part, can be designed with the required length, so that this tool part occupies the required opening gap for the further transport of the packaging.
  • This compressed air cylinder can be subjected to a relatively low pressure, so that the force exerted by it is below 15 kp, i.e. under a force at which no injuries are to be feared and additional safety devices are therefore unnecessary.
  • the piston rod is mechanically blocked, whereby this blocking device can be integrated inside the air pressure cylinder or by means of a bolt which is inserted into a recess in the piston rod and thus fixes it relative to the cylinder.
  • the lower tool part rests on the knife with a contact pressure of less than 15 kp.
  • compressed air is added to the compressed air clamping element, so that the now locked piston rod is acted upon with great force, which can be 9 t and more, and so the knife is pressed against the abutment, so that the film is divided.
  • the compressed air tensioning element consists of several piston cylinder units connected in series, whereby the diameter of the compressed air tensioning element can be kept relatively small with a high force generation.
  • the path that the compressed air clamping element has to cover can then only be a few mm, which e.g. is sufficient for cutting a film. However, this path can also be increased at the expense of the overall height, e.g. to be sufficient for embossing and punching devices.
  • the compressed air tensioning element advantageously consists of a plurality of individual parts which are held in a ring and pressed against one another and have a central bore through which the piston rod engages.
  • a tubular extension arranged on the piston engages through this central bore, wherein each piston is supported on the preceding and following pistons, so that with a relatively small diameter with a plurality of pistons arranged one behind the other, a high compressive force can be built up.
  • the compressed air inlets and outlets are obtained in the ring-shaped parts through bores which penetrate them and which lie one above the other after assembly. This makes it possible to supply the large number of piston units one behind the other with two external compressed air connections.
  • two drive units are advantageously used, which are arranged on both sides of the cutting device, the two compressed air clamping elements being connected to one another via plates to which the one tool part carrying the knife is fastened.
  • a device according to the invention thus allows opening gaps of any size to be produced between the two tool parts, which are only limited by the height of the machine frame.
  • the device according to the invention consists of comparatively few individual parts which are inexpensive to manufacture and thus lead to a very economical construction which works without wear and yet delivers the required large contact pressures.
  • the two tool parts are moved together at a relatively low pressure, not only is a safety device saved, but the air consumption as such is also significantly reduced.
  • the actual working stroke, which is carried out with a high air pressure, is thus limited to the minimum, so that the device as a whole works very economically.
  • a cutting device 2 of a packaging device I which has an upper tool part 3, which carries the knife 4, and a lower tool part 5, which serves as a counter bearing for the knife 4.
  • FIG. 1 shows the containers 6 in side view and in section, which are formed from a lower film 7, which is deformed like a cup, and an upper film 8.
  • the top and bottom films have been welded together in a known manner in a sealing station arranged in front of the cutting station.
  • the cutting device 2 By means of the cutting device 2, the containers 6 are separated in the transverse position in the region of the intermediate space 9 formed between them.
  • the upper film 8 is flat, so that the upper tool part 3 can be connected to the machine frame 10 in a stationary manner.
  • two guide strips 11 are arranged in each case, which receive guide profiles 12 which have a recess corresponding to the guide strips II.
  • These guide profiles are adjustable along the machine frame 10 so that the cutting device 2 can be adjusted accordingly depending on the respective sizes of the containers 6.
  • a toothing 13 is attached to the top of the guide strips 11, into which a gearwheel 14 rotatably arranged on the machine frame 10 engages.
  • the two gear wheels, which each engage in the guide bar II on the two sides of the foils 7, 8, are connected to one another via an axis 15, so that tilting is avoided when the cutting device 2 is displaced.
  • a handwheel 16 is fastened on one side on the axis 15, which projects laterally beyond the machine frame 10 on one side.
  • the chain guides 17, 18 for an endless chain are arranged, which have clamping elements 19 with which the bottom film 7 is gripped and transported at the edges. With the help of these chains, the containers are transported in cycles and positioned in the corresponding position of the cutting device 2.
  • a compressed air tensioning element 20 which consists of several piston cylinder units connected in series and has a piston rod 21 common to all piston cylinder units, is fixedly connected to the guide profile 12.
  • Each compressed air clamping element 20 has a base 22 which is screwed to the guide profile 12.
  • Two plates 23, which connect the compressed air tensioning elements 20 to one another, are fastened to this socket 22 and are thus fixed in place on the machine frame 10 via the socket 22.
  • the plates 23 are arranged parallel to one another and lie on edge, as can best be seen from FIG. 1.
  • two plates 24, 25 receiving and supporting the knife 4 of the cutting device are fastened by means of screws 26 which engage in lateral projections 27 of the plates 23.
  • the lower tool part 5 consists of a plate which extends over the width of the foils 6, 7 and is fastened on both sides to the cylinder wall 28 of a compressed air cylinder 29.
  • the compressed air cylinder has a piston rod 30 and a piston at the end in a known manner ben rod 30 arranged piston 31.
  • the compressed air cylinder is double-acting, the piston rod 30 exiting the cylinder through a hermetically sealing seal.
  • the piston rod 30 is arranged in the extension of the piston rod 21 of the compressed air clamping element and is fixedly connected to it by means of a screw 32.
  • the lower tool part is in the left half of the drawing in a raised, i.e. shown in the cutting position and in the right half of the drawing in the lowered position, i.e. in the position in which the containers 6 can be transported into and out of the cutting device.
  • the knife 4 is somewhat narrower than the width of the bottom film, so that the packaging is still connected at the edges and can therefore be transported further by means of the chains.
  • the length of the compressed air cylinder 29 can be chosen to be of any size, so that an opening gap of any size can be obtained for the transport of the containers 6.
  • the compressed air cylinder 29 - are advantageously subjected to a relatively low pressure, which on the one hand reduces the compressed air consumption and on the other hand has the consequence that the closing force of the compressed air cylinder piston can be kept less than 15 kp. This makes it possible to save on special safety devices, because even if an operator's hand gets between the upper and lower tools during the closing process, no damage can occur here.
  • FIG. 6 which again shows the retracted position in the left half of the drawing and the extended position in the right half of the drawing, the piston rod 30 is automatically in its lower end position, i.e. locked in the closed position of the two tool parts. This is done via a ring 33 which engages in a groove 34 of the piston rod 30.
  • a sleeve 36 is slidably arranged, which cooperates with a spring 37. If there is no pressure in the cylinder space 38, the spring 37 presses the sleeve 36 upward, so that the ring 33 is held in the groove 34 of the piston 30.
  • FIG. 7 and 8 another embodiment of a locking of the piston rod 30 is shown, namely here an eye 41 with a bore 42 is arranged at the end of the piston rod 30, into which a bolt 43 can be inserted, which is connected by a further compressed air cylinder 44 can be actuated.
  • the piston rod 30 In the raised position of the lower tool part 5, i.e. in the position in which the actual cutting force can be built up, the piston rod 30 is locked against the cylinder wall 28 by inserting the bolt 43, so that the lower tool part 5 is now rigidly connected to the piston rod 30.
  • the compressed air clamping element 20 is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 in an enlarged view.
  • the compressed air clamping element consists of a base 22 on which a plurality of ring elements 45 of the same design are placed, in the exemplary embodiment these are seven pieces.
  • Each ring element has a central bore 46 and a recess 47 arranged on one side and two through bores 48, 49. From these through bores 48, 49 branch off channels 50, 51, which are used to supply compressed air to one side of the annular part 45.
  • the central bore 46 is so large that it serves on the one hand for receiving the piston rod 21 and on the other hand for receiving an annular bushing 52 of a piston 53.
  • the inside of the piston in the area of the bushing 52 has an O-ring seal 54 which seals the piston against the piston rod 21.
  • two further O-ring seals 55, 56 are also arranged on the surfaces lying parallel to the piston rod, which serve to seal the annular part from the piston or the bushing of the piston. All pistons 53 are supported against one another via their bushes 52, so that the force of the individual piston-cylinder units is added, so that, with a relatively small diameter, very high forces can be built up by selecting the number of piston-cylinder units.
  • each piston-cylinder unit is advantageously chosen so that it delivers a pressure force of approximately 600 kp at a pressure of 6 bar.
  • each compressed air clamping element thus delivers approximately 4.2 t, so that a total contact pressure of the knife 4 on the lower tool part 5 of slightly over 8 t is obtained.
  • the path provided by the compressed air clamping element 20 need only be very small.
  • a path of 3 mm has proven to be quite sufficient, so that with the compressed air tensioning device according to the invention, very high compressive forces are generated with a comparatively small diameter and comparatively low overall height can be used for cutting foils.
  • the compressed air clamping element is also characterized by great simplicity in its construction, since it consists essentially of the same annular elements and pistons, which are stacked on one another in any number depending on the required compressive force and then screwed onto the nuts 58 by means of clamping screws 57 will. Only two compressed air connections 59, 60 are required for all piston-cylinder units, specifically for double-acting cylinders.
  • Each ring-shaped element 45 is thus of identical design, these ring-shaped elements being pressed together between the block 22 and an end piece 61, which can basically be designed in the same way as the ring-shaped elements 45, but without the bore 49.
  • the piston rod 21 of the compressed air clamping element 20 is passed through the compressed air clamping element and provided at its end with thread 63, onto which two screws 64 are screwed to fix the piston rod 21 on the compressed air clamping element. This enables simple assembly and disassembly of the clamping element, which can be attached or detached completely assembled to the cutting device 2.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Control Of Cutting Processes (AREA)

Claims (13)

1. Système d'actionnement à air comprimé de dispositifs de poinçonnage, coupe et estampage, comprenant deux parties d'outil (3, 5) déplaçables l'une par rapport à l'autre dont avantageusement l'une est solidairement liée, au moins dans la position de travail, au bâti (10) de la machine, en particulier pour l'application à des dispositifs de coupe (2) pour des machines d'emballage (1) à grande largeur d'ouverture, caractérisé en ce que la paroi du cylindre d'un vérin (29) à air comprimé est fixée sur la partie d'outil mobile (5); en ce que la tige (30) du piston du vérin (29) à air comprimé est conformée de façon à être verrouillée avec la paroi du cylindre au moins dans une position d'extrémité, en ce que la tige (21) du piston d'un élément (20) de pressage à air comprimé est fixée sur la tige (30) du piston sortant du cylindre du vérin à air comprimé, le cylindre de cet élément de pressage étant fixe ou pouvant être immobilisé, et cet élément de pressage étant constitué par au moins deux unités de vérin montées l'une derrière l'autre, avec une tige (21) de piston commune.
2. Système d'actionnement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'élément (20) de pressage à air comprimé comporte un cylindre qui est constitué par l'assemblage de parties annulaires individuelles (45), maintenues serrées les unes contre les autres, qui comportent chacune un perçage central (46) pour laisser passer la tige de piston (21) et la partie tubulaire de chacun des pistons (53, 54), qui peut coulisser librement sur la tige de piston, et, s'appuient les uns contre les autres, ces parties annulaires présentant chacune une cavité (47) pour loger le piston (53).
3. Système d'actionnement selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que chaque piston (53) est constitué par une partie annulaire présentant un perçage et par un manchon (52) tubulaire se plaçant dans le perçage.
4. Système d'actionnement selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le piston (53) et le manchon tubulaire (52) forment une seule pièce.
5. Système d'actionnement selon l'une des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce que chaque piston (53) est pourvu d'un joint d'étanchéité par rapport à la tige de piston (21) par l'intermédiaire d'un joint torique d'étanchéité (54) placé dans le perçage intérieur du piston.
6. Système d'actionnement selon l'une des revendications 3 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'un joint torique d'étanchéité (55, 56) est placé dans chacune des surfaces intérieures décalées en gradins des parties (45) annulaires formant le cylindre, ces joints, coopérant avec les surfaces latérales du piston (53) et de son manchon tubulaire (52).
7. Système d'actionnement selon l'une des revendications 2 à 6, caractérisé en ce que, un perçage (48, 49) de traversée est ménagé dans chaque élément annulaire (45) pour alimenter en air comprimé les deux côtés du piston, les perçages formant, après le montage des éléments annulaires (45), un canal continu.
8. Système d'actionnement selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu au moins deux systèmes d'actionnement à air comprimé pour actionner un dispositif de coupe (2) et en ce que les deux éléments de pressage (20) à air comprimé sont liés rigidement l'un à l'autre.
9. Système d'actionnement selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que le vérin (29) à air comprimé qui est relié à la partie d'outil mobile (5) est conçu pour une course sensiblement plus grande que les éléments de pressage (20) à air comprimé et est alimenté par une pression relativement faible, de sorte qu'il en résulte une force de fermeture de moins de 15 kg.
10. Système d'actionnement selon la revendication 8 ou 9, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de pressage à air comprimé comportent un volume de cylindre relativement faible et une course d'environ 3 mm et en ce que les cylindres des surfaces de piston montés les uns derrière les autres sont dimensionnés de façon à obtenir, pour une pression d'environ 6 bars, une force d'environ 600 kp par unité à piston.
11. Système d'actionnement selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de verrouillage pour verrouiller la tige de piston (30) du vérin (29) à air comprimé est intégré dans ce vérin à air comprimé.
12. Système d'actionnement selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que la tige de piston (30) présente un perçage (42) dans lequel peut s'enfiler un goujon (43) guidé dans le cylindre.
13. Système d'actionnement selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que le goujon (43) est actionné par un autre vérin (44) à air comprimé.
EP87107223A 1986-06-12 1987-05-19 Actionnement par air comprimé pour des dispositifs de poinçonnage, coupe et estampage Expired - Lifetime EP0249059B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87107223T ATE50722T1 (de) 1986-06-12 1987-05-19 Druckluftantrieb fuer stanz-, schneid- und praegeeinrichtungen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3619811 1986-06-12
DE19863619811 DE3619811A1 (de) 1986-06-12 1986-06-12 Druckluftantrieb fuer stanz-, schneid- und praegeeinrichtungen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0249059A1 EP0249059A1 (fr) 1987-12-16
EP0249059B1 true EP0249059B1 (fr) 1990-03-07

Family

ID=6302884

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87107223A Expired - Lifetime EP0249059B1 (fr) 1986-06-12 1987-05-19 Actionnement par air comprimé pour des dispositifs de poinçonnage, coupe et estampage

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4798115A (fr)
EP (1) EP0249059B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS62292395A (fr)
AT (1) ATE50722T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3619811A1 (fr)

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DE3619811A1 (de) * 1986-06-12 1987-12-17 Kraemer & Grebe Kg Druckluftantrieb fuer stanz-, schneid- und praegeeinrichtungen
DE4216207C1 (fr) * 1992-05-15 1993-08-19 Multivac Sepp Haggenmueller Kg, 8941 Wolfertschwenden, De
US5909921A (en) * 1997-04-11 1999-06-08 Nesbeth; Roleto E. Lift device and system for a pick-up truck cargo cover
US6526865B2 (en) 2001-04-25 2003-03-04 Smc Corporation Of America Weld cylinder
DE102012000127A1 (de) 2012-01-06 2013-07-11 Gea Cfs Germany Gmbh Verpackungsmaschine mit einer Schneidstation
DE102012224532A1 (de) * 2012-12-28 2014-07-03 Sms Siemag Ag Mitfahrende hydraulische Schere ohne Ständer
EP3428079B1 (fr) 2017-07-14 2019-12-25 MULTIVAC Sepp Haggenmüller SE & Co. KG Emboutisseuse d'emballage comprenant un support d'emballage souple
CN110076829B (zh) * 2019-05-24 2021-04-13 深圳市中怡医卫新材料有限公司 一种切割棉签边角料装置
CN112440328B (zh) * 2020-09-14 2022-06-10 佛山华兴塑料制品有限公司 一种活塞l型自动成型机

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US3036798A (en) * 1958-03-14 1962-05-29 Martin James Cutter unit primarily for use in ejection seats for aircraft
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DE3619811A1 (de) * 1986-06-12 1987-12-17 Kraemer & Grebe Kg Druckluftantrieb fuer stanz-, schneid- und praegeeinrichtungen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4798115A (en) 1989-01-17
JPS62292395A (ja) 1987-12-19
DE3619811A1 (de) 1987-12-17
DE3761802D1 (de) 1990-04-12
ATE50722T1 (de) 1990-03-15
EP0249059A1 (fr) 1987-12-16

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