EP0250741A1 - Feuille de camouflage multispectrale - Google Patents

Feuille de camouflage multispectrale Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0250741A1
EP0250741A1 EP87105583A EP87105583A EP0250741A1 EP 0250741 A1 EP0250741 A1 EP 0250741A1 EP 87105583 A EP87105583 A EP 87105583A EP 87105583 A EP87105583 A EP 87105583A EP 0250741 A1 EP0250741 A1 EP 0250741A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
camouflage
film
effect
layer
reflection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP87105583A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0250741B1 (fr
Inventor
Werner Dr. Dipl.-Phys. Scherber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dornier GmbH
Original Assignee
Dornier GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dornier GmbH filed Critical Dornier GmbH
Publication of EP0250741A1 publication Critical patent/EP0250741A1/fr
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Publication of EP0250741B1 publication Critical patent/EP0250741B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H3/00—Camouflage, i.e. means or methods for concealment or disguise

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a plastic film with a low emissivity in the 2nd and 3rd atmospheric window and high transparency in other spectral ranges, for example compared to microwaves.
  • the camouflage film is suitable due to its special features - as a simple, exchangeable, low-emissive coating, - for thermal imaging camouflage of fixed systems, especially radomes, - as a universal component in multispectral camouflage systems.
  • the camouflage of objects against reconnaissance by thermal imaging devices contains a special problem. Unlike in the visible, detection is in the thermal infrared range Ability of an object not only depends on its surface properties (such as color, degree of reflection, roughness), but is also determined by the temperature of the surface and the temperatures of the surroundings, the background and the sky.
  • Low emissive coatings are used for camouflage. This measure reduces, proportionally to the level of emissivity ⁇ of the surface, the heat radiation emanating from this object; In this way, the detectability can be reduced, particularly in the case of objects that are warmed up more.
  • infrared camouflage agents with a similar effect are known: for example low-emitting textiles, laminated metal foils, infrared camouflage nets with metallic elements (layers, foils, threads), galvanic, low-emitting coatings and the like.
  • infrared-active camouflage agents A common feature of these infrared-active camouflage agents is that the low-emitting effect is achieved by incorporating metallic layers or particles. Low infrared emissivities below about 70% only occur on homogeneous materials if they have a metallic character and a certain metallic conductivity.
  • IR camouflage paints and IR camouflage agents have some typical disadvantages, which severely limit their possible uses and effectiveness:
  • the metal component has the effect that the layers are generally opaque to electromagnetic radiation and show a strong reflection effect. In the optical field, the undesired reflection is usually suppressed with the help of color pigments, but this is not possible in the microwave and radio wave range, so that these IR camouflaging agents have no camouflaging effect compared to radar reconnaissance or the detectability is rather increased if the object itself is radar-neutral is.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a multispectral camouflage agent.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention with the aid of a coated plastic film, the coating consisting of non-metallic, infrared-transparent material and the layer thickness in relation to the refractive index thus reduced it is established that due to interference effects, the heat radiation in the 2nd and / or 3rd atmospheric window is reduced.
  • the arrangement has a high permeability to radiation in the microwave and radio wave range and, depending on the embodiment, also in other spectral ranges (visible light, near infrared), so that the multispectral camouflage effect is guaranteed or not impeded.
  • Figure 1 shows the simple structure of the camouflage film in three different settings.
  • An infrared-transparent, dielectric interference layer 4 is located on a preferably infrared-transparent carrier film 2 (for example made of polyethylene).
  • the film covers the object 6 to be camouflaged against an observer.
  • a protective layer 8 can optionally be used; in any case, it must be transparent in the IR frequency range of the application.
  • the area 10 represents the air space between the film and the object.
  • the layer thickness d of the interference layer determines the amount of heat radiation, the emissivity, the overall arrangement of film and object.
  • ⁇ is related to the center of the atmospheric window (approximately 4 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m). This is a low IR permeability and a low heat radiation from the object to be camouflaged and camouflage film aims.
  • the opposite extreme case high emission, high surface temperature is set by the arrangement according to FIG. 1c and a medium state according to FIG. 1b.
  • FIG. 2 shows the spectral course of the reflectance of the three arrangements outlined in FIG. 1. It can be seen how the reflection maxima are shifted in relation to the atmospheric windows and how the described effect arises.
  • the selection is based on the required transmission range in the infrared and optical spectrum, as well as on practical and technical aspects such as manufacturability, durability and costs.
  • the group of semiconductors such as silicon, germanium, graphite, as well as metal sulfides, metal selenides and metal tellurides, which are also used as raw materials for compact IR windows, offers broadband camouflage and good stability. If transparency in the optical field is additionally desired, oxidic materials such as SiO2, Al2O3, SnO2, In2O3, TiO2, CeO2, MgO, fluorides such as MgF2, PbF2, BaF2 and other compounds with similar properties can be used.
  • the refractive index of the layer and its dispersion i.e. its spectral course.
  • High refractive indices are generally advantageous since the required layer thickness decreases with increasing n and the camouflage effect is still present even at increasingly oblique viewing angles.
  • the dispersion must be taken into account if a simultaneous effect in both atmospheric windows is to be optimized.
  • n3 average refractive index in the 3rd atmospheric window
  • FIG. 3 shows, instead of a compact inference layer, the use of a multilayer system in which two thinner films 4 with a high refractive index are separated by the layer 12 with a low refractive index at a distance d.
  • a transparent plastic film can be used as the layer 12, which is, for example, identical to the carrier film 2.
  • the layers 4 can be made much thinner than the above ⁇ / 4 layers, so that the arrangement is given greater flexibility, which has a very advantageous effect for many applications.
  • the optical effect of this arrangement corresponds to the one-layer interference.
  • the air gap 10 is located between the carrier film 2 and the object 6 to be camouflaged.
  • the camouflage film according to the invention can be used very advantageously for cladding radomes (radomes).
  • radomes cladding radomes
  • the current construction of radomes has proven to be extremely unfavorable in terms of detectability in the IR range. Due to the low thermal conductivity and heat capacity of the radome outer skin (plastic foam material or foils), the surface temperature is subject to strong weather-related fluctuations, which gives these objects an unusually well-defined thermal image signature. Countermeasures with conventional camouflage means without impairing the radar transmission are not known.
  • FIG. 4a shows a typical signature of a radome in the sun.
  • the upper half of the sphere is warmed up and stands out against the much darker background.
  • the light-dark conditions are just the other way around due to the low sky temperature, but just as easily recognizable.
  • effective contour decomposition is brought about by typical structures of the surroundings, such as rectangular ones Areas in agricultural fields ( Figure 4b, without background) or settlements, building structures ( Figure 4c) or other landscape formations (horizon lines, ranges of hills, forest areas, river courses) can be simulated.
  • camouflage film according to the invention does not have to be present at all times — like a coat of paint — since, if necessary, it can be spread out and removed again very quickly. For some objects, such as roads and airfield systems, this is the only conceivable solution.
  • FIG. 5 shows a cross section through this arrangement.
  • the IR-active camouflage film with plastic carrier 2 and interference layer 4 is connected directly to the radar absorber material 14.
  • the above-mentioned variants for contour decomposition and signature simulation can of course also be used advantageously here.
  • An additional camouflage effect in the visible or near infrared is possible by using colored plastic films. If foils with good optical transparency are used, then the visual camouflage effect can be achieved by means of deposited and thus easily changed paint coats, or it is already given by the existing camouflage of the object.
  • camouflage film according to the invention In the conceivable application of the camouflage film according to the invention to vehicles, ships, airplanes, steel bridges, steel masts and the like, there is a special aspect. Due to their predominantly metal structure, these objects have a clear and characteristic radar signature. This problem can basically be solved by using radar absorbers and multispectral camouflage film, as described above. However, if radar absorbers are not desired or not possible for any reason (weight, cost, availability), then a combined IR-radar camouflage effect can be achieved with the camouflage film according to the invention by metallizing the film over the whole or part of the object. In this way, certain characteristic radar signatures of the object can be canceled or falsified.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
EP87105583A 1986-04-25 1987-04-15 Feuille de camouflage multispectrale Expired EP0250741B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863614017 DE3614017A1 (de) 1986-04-25 1986-04-25 Multispektrale tarnfolie
DE3614017 1986-04-25

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0250741A1 true EP0250741A1 (fr) 1988-01-07
EP0250741B1 EP0250741B1 (fr) 1989-12-13

Family

ID=6299516

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87105583A Expired EP0250741B1 (fr) 1986-04-25 1987-04-15 Feuille de camouflage multispectrale

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0250741B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3614017A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2857458A1 (fr) * 2003-07-09 2005-01-14 Centre Nat Rech Scient Antenne thermique.
CN111435065A (zh) * 2019-08-15 2020-07-21 宁波曙翔新材料股份有限公司 一种用于变换伪装器材伪装模式的装置及其应用

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4012782A1 (de) * 1990-04-21 1991-10-24 Telefunken Systemtechnik Absorber
DE4330224C2 (de) * 1993-09-07 1996-04-18 Daimler Benz Aerospace Ag Radom für Radaranlagen
DE4341806C1 (de) * 1993-12-08 1995-06-08 Daimler Benz Aerospace Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung eines selbsttragenden Radoms
DE9408490U1 (de) * 1994-05-25 1995-09-28 Ernst Fehr technische Vertretungen und Beratung, Goldach Strahlenschirmschutzauflage
EP0737840A3 (fr) * 1995-04-07 1996-11-13 Daimler-Benz Aerospace Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif et méthode de camouflage
DE59800617D1 (de) 1997-02-12 2001-05-17 Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft Eidgenoessisches Militaer Departement Gruppe Ruestung Tarnstruktur

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3043381C2 (de) * 1980-11-18 1982-11-11 Dornier System Gmbh, 7990 Friedrichshafen Verwendung von spektralselektiv beschichteten Oberflächen sowie Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
DE3217977A1 (de) * 1982-05-13 1983-11-17 Bundesrepublik Deutschland, vertreten durch den Bundesminister der Verteidigung, dieser vertreten durch den Präsidenten des Bundesamtes für Wehrtechnik und Beschaffung, 5400 Koblenz Vorrichtung zur tarnung von objekten gegen eine aufklaerung durch waermebildgeraete

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL273666A (fr) * 1961-02-02
US4529633A (en) * 1983-01-14 1985-07-16 Diab-Barracuda Ab Thermal camouflage

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3043381C2 (de) * 1980-11-18 1982-11-11 Dornier System Gmbh, 7990 Friedrichshafen Verwendung von spektralselektiv beschichteten Oberflächen sowie Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
DE3217977A1 (de) * 1982-05-13 1983-11-17 Bundesrepublik Deutschland, vertreten durch den Bundesminister der Verteidigung, dieser vertreten durch den Präsidenten des Bundesamtes für Wehrtechnik und Beschaffung, 5400 Koblenz Vorrichtung zur tarnung von objekten gegen eine aufklaerung durch waermebildgeraete

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2857458A1 (fr) * 2003-07-09 2005-01-14 Centre Nat Rech Scient Antenne thermique.
CN111435065A (zh) * 2019-08-15 2020-07-21 宁波曙翔新材料股份有限公司 一种用于变换伪装器材伪装模式的装置及其应用
CN111435065B (zh) * 2019-08-15 2023-06-27 宁波曙翔新材料股份有限公司 一种用于变换伪装器材伪装模式的装置及其应用

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3614017A1 (de) 1987-10-29
EP0250741B1 (fr) 1989-12-13
DE3761171D1 (de) 1990-01-18

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