EP0268675A1 - Composite material and artificial bait - Google Patents

Composite material and artificial bait

Info

Publication number
EP0268675A1
EP0268675A1 EP19870905007 EP87905007A EP0268675A1 EP 0268675 A1 EP0268675 A1 EP 0268675A1 EP 19870905007 EP19870905007 EP 19870905007 EP 87905007 A EP87905007 A EP 87905007A EP 0268675 A1 EP0268675 A1 EP 0268675A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
composite material
attractant
foamed plastic
coating
water
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP19870905007
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
William E. S. Carr
Charles L. Beatty
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
University of Florida
Original Assignee
University of Florida
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by University of Florida filed Critical University of Florida
Publication of EP0268675A1 publication Critical patent/EP0268675A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K85/00—Artificial bait for fishing
    • A01K85/01—Artificial bait for fishing with light emission, sound emission, scent dispersal or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K97/00—Accessories for angling
    • A01K97/04—Containers for bait; Preparation of bait
    • A01K97/045—Preparation of bait; Ingredients

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to artificial bait for aquatic animal species.
  • the present invention relates to an artificial bait particularly adapted for fishing in both fresh and sea water.
  • Artificial baits have been proposed heretofore comprising absorbent materials which have been soaked in a liquid fish attractant.
  • the attractant-soaked material is incorporated in an artificial lure which depends for the attraction of fish upon the physical shape of the lure as well as the chemical characteristics of the attractant.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 1,393,617 discloses the inclusion of a fish oil soaked cotton swab in an artificial structure containing a hole through which the fish oil escapes upon immersion in water.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 2,826,853 describes an artificial fish lure which contains a strip of chamois soaked with a fish attracting liquid such as anise, fish oil, etc.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 2,979,778 describes an artificial fishing lure constructed of rigid plastic in the shape of a natural fish prey having incorporated therein a fish attractant which is capable of migration through the plastic for progressive release at its surface.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 2,797,519 also describes an artificial lure which contains a porous resilient plastic or sponge rubber surface capable of absorbing fish attractant for subsequent release upon immersion in water.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,245,420 discloses and claims an Artificial Bait for Aquatic Species which generally comprises a semi-rigid, flexible, water insoluble, hydrophilic matrix which is permeable by diffusion, to the passage of an attractant incorporated in the hydrophilic matrix and which is capable of releasing the attractant upon immersion In an aqueous medium.
  • the patent discloses a hydrophilic matrix composition consisting of gelatin and water or gelatin, water and glycerin.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 2,874,048, Walldov is directed to an Aquatic Species Synthetic Bait having a composition very similar to that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,245,420, and which, according to the patentee, is slowly soluble in water to simulate bleeding of the bait.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,463,018 discloses a semi-rigid, flexible, water-insoluble, hydrophilic matrix comprising the solid or semi-solid phase formed from a colloidal solution of a liquid, preferably water, in a macromolecular composition including gelatin, agar, locust bean gum, Celufil (a partially hydrolyzed cellulose manufactured by U.S. Biochemical Corp.) and glycerol prepared at a temperature not exceeding 100°C.
  • the hydrophilic, gel-like solid phases of such colloidal solution are particularly adapted for the formation of artificial fish baits having the texture and consistency of common and natural fish prey.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 3,410,689 discloses a fish bait comprising a foamed plastic impregnated with a fish attractant which "disjoins" upon immersion In water and releases the attractant.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,202,905 discloses the use of a foamed polyurethane as a carrier for a luminous fish attractant in an artificial bait.
  • All of the prior art artificial bait compositions and devices have certain advantages, however, to date none combine all of the qualities required of a commercially acceptable artificial bait.
  • the fishing industry requires a bait which will withstand tearing and rupturing upon contact with aqueous media and aquatic animal species but which will be capable of releasing the contained attractant over long periods of time.
  • the bait must present the necessary physical, tactile and gustatory appearance to the target aquatic species to be acceptable and attractive.
  • the bait must be sufficiently heat resistant and otherwise stable under the adverse conditions traditionally prevalent at fishing sites to provide a long shelf-life. It is an object of the present invention to provide a composite material particularly adapted for the preparation of artificial bait for aquatic animal species which avoids the shortcomings of the presently available baits and possesses the above-described advantages.
  • the present invention is a composite material comprising a foamed plastic having integrally attached to a major surface thereof a coating containing an attractant for an aquatic animal species (e.g., fish), (1) the foamed plastic being substantially insoluble in, but rendered relatively soft and pliable when immersed in, an aqueous medium and (2) the coating comprising a suspension of the attractant in a hydrophilic, water insoluble matrix comprising a hydrophilic colloid and a humectant suspended in a polymer, the matrix being capable of releasing said attractant upon immersion in an aqueous medium at a predetermined and controlled rate over a prolonged period of time.
  • an artificial bait composition or device constructed at least In part from the above-described composite material.
  • FIGS. 1 and 6 are fragmentary perspective views of the composite material of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an artificial bait of the invention constructed from the composite material.
  • FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C are perspective views of artificial baits of the invention constructed in part from the composite material.
  • FIGS. 4A, 4B and 5 are graphic depictions of the attractant release characteristics of the composite material and bait of the invention.
  • the invention describes a bait having a surface coating of a feeding stimulant for fish bonded onto a layer of reticulated polyurethane foam which is in turn bonded onto a tear-resistant backing material (FIG. 1).
  • the foam layer does not disjoin when submerged In the water, but instead remains intact for many hours or even days.
  • the foam layer can, however, be torn from the hook when fish feed on it.
  • a tear-resistant backing sheet is bonded onto the foam to greatly increase the tear strength of the bait, thereby Increasing both the retention time on the hook and the utility of the product for a broad range of applications.
  • the crux of the invention resides in the surface coating of stimulant bonded onto the foam which provides a bait with properties far superior to that of a bait in which stimulant is incorporated directly into the foam as an integral part thereof.
  • the hydrophilic matrix although containing some of the ingredients found in the gels of the above-noted prior patents, is in the form of a non-gel-like coating which possesses the unique property of being capable of releasing the contained attractant at a higher rate, and for longer periods of time than the baits heretofore available.
  • the desirable texture and consistency are provided for the most part by the plastic foam which, upon immersion in aqueous media, is rendered relatively soft and pliable.
  • the composite material of the invention Is depicted in FIG. 1 wherein the attractant releasing surface coat 10 is integrally attached or bonded to foamed plastic layer 12.
  • a tearor rupture-resistant backing layer 14 is integrally associated with the side of the foamed plastic layer opposite that coated with the surface layer to provide additionally structured integrity and toughness.
  • a water-insoluble film 16 which limits access to the coating 10 of water may be applied.
  • the surface coat is preferably prepared by mixing a hydrophilic colloid with an aqueous emulsion of a suitable film forming polymer and the attractant. If the surface coating shows a tendency to crack when dried, the flexibility of the dried coat can be increased by adding a humectant such as glycerol or propylene glycol to the other surface coat components. It is also preferred to include preservative agent in the surface coating composition such as potassium sorbate, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), propyl gallate, citric acid, or mixtures thereof, etc.
  • preservative agent in the surface coating composition such as potassium sorbate, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), propyl gallate, citric acid, or mixtures thereof, etc.
  • the surface coating composition is prepared as a viscous liquid that is applied to the surface of the plastic foam.
  • the surface coat may be dried almost entirely on the outer foam surface or tamped or rolled into the interstices and reticulations of the foam so that some of the coating is ultimately dried both on the outer foam surface and also within some of the inner cell spaces of the foam.
  • the liquid surface coat material may be mixed with the surface layer of the pre-foamed plastic mixture while the foaming reaction is in progress. The latter process leaves some of the coating material both on the outer surface layer and within the inner cell spaces of the foamed plastic.
  • the inner cell spaces of a pre-formed foam may be substantially completely filled with the liquid surface coat material by compressing (squeezing) the foam while it is submerged in the liquid material . Compression and relaxation of the submerged foam replaces the air in the foam cells with the liquid material. The latter process fills inner cell spaces with the liquid, and, following the drying process, provides a product in which both the inner cells and the surface of the foam are coated with an attractant-laden coating.
  • the rate of release of stimulant from the surface coat can be controlled by varying one or more of the following parameters: (1) concentration of stimulant (2) manner of application of coating to the foam (3) concentrations and relative proportions of hydrophilic colloid, polymer and, optimally, humectant, and (4) coating or dipping the dried product either partially or completely in a suitable aqueous polymer emulsion to provide a protective film that limits , i.e., delays the access of water to the attractant-laden surface coat.
  • the surface coat After the surface coat is applied, it is dried to produce a thin, soft, flexible coating that is tightly bonded to the foam by the combined adhesive properties of both the hydrophilic colloid and the polymer.
  • the dried, stimulant-rich surface coat, and the foam beneath and around it, is stable to prolonged storage at room temperature.
  • the dried coat quickly hydrates and softens In the water to yield a soft, slick, "slimy", outer surface layer that feels much like moist skin while releasing stimulant.
  • the foam layer preferably comprises a foamed, or foamable, hydrophilic polyurethane polymer (e.g., Hypol FHP 2000, W.R. Grace & Co.) which will not disjoin or disintegrate in aqueous media, water, a feeding stimulant and, if desired, preservatives. If a feeding stimulant is used in the foam layer, the stimulant plus preservatives are mixed or blended with water prior to the initiation of the foaming reaction. After the foaming reaction is completed, much of the stimulant thus incorporated into the foam layer is not rapidly released into the water when the bait is immersed (see FIG. 4B).
  • a foamed, or foamable, hydrophilic polyurethane polymer e.g., Hypol FHP 2000, W.R. Grace & Co.
  • the combined effect of providing a surface coat from which stimulant is rapidly released, plus a non-disjoining foam layer from which stimulant is not readily released is to provide a bait with a fast, yet controlled, "chumming" effect from the surface coat, together with a reservoir of unreleased, tastant substances that are retained in the foam layer (and surface coat) which provide gustatory stimulation once the bait is nibbled or taken into a fish's mouth.
  • a dehydrated product is obtained that has great stability and is ideal for storage in a sealed container without refrigeration.
  • the spongelike properties of the foam cause it to promptly swell and soften, and together with the soft, slick surface coat, provide a bait that has extremely fleshlike tactile and chemically attractive properties.
  • the bait both releases chemoattractive odorant molecules into the water and retains tastant molecules in and on the bait that stimulates additional feeding behavior when the fish physically contacts the bait.
  • a backing material such as a polyurethane or other suitable polymer preferably about 3 mil in thickness, is bonded onto the foam.
  • This layer provides a thin, flexible outer skin that imparts major tear resistance to the bait thereby prolonging its duration on the hook.
  • the backing material may be bonded to the foam layer with an adhesive polymer emulsion (e.g., Helastic polyurethane
  • the backing material is partially dried onto the backing material prior to pouring the reactive foaming components over it. Following the final drying process, the backing material is securely bonded to the foam layer.
  • the backing material can be bonded onto the preformed foam layer with heat, solvents, ultrasonics or other adhesives.
  • certain backing materials e.g., certain extruded polyurethane sheets
  • a suitable bond forms between the resultant foam and the backing material itself without the necessity for employing any additional adhesive material.
  • the backing layer may be formed integrally with the foamed plastic during the foaming operation as a substantially non-foamed "skin".
  • Polyurethane or other foamable thermoplastic elastomer precursors that have either (1) a gas such as fluorocarbon nitrogen, etc., or (2) a decomposable molecule such as sodium bicarbonate, azo compounds, etc., are admixed to form a foamable extrudate.
  • a gas such as fluorocarbon nitrogen, etc.
  • a decomposable molecule such as sodium bicarbonate, azo compounds, etc.
  • the attractant solution may be added to the foam by passing the foam sheet through a pair of compression rollers beneath the surface of the attractant solution. The rollers will expel the air and allow attractant to fill the open foam cells.
  • An additional layer of attractant/polymer mixture (or chumming layer) may be coated on the unskinned surface.
  • the foam sheet that is skinned on both surfaces can be sliced with a knife to form two single skinned foam sheets.
  • Additional prolongation of the effective lifetime of the bait can be obtained by further coating the entire product with a thin film of a water insoluble material such as a polyurethane.
  • This film is conveniently applied as an aqueous dispersion of the polymer (e.g . , Helastic WC-6512, Wilmington Chemical Corp.).
  • This filma may be applied by cutting the dried product into bait-size portions, and then dipping, spraying or painting the portions with the polymer emulsion.
  • the surface film may be dried by hanging the product in an oven at 80°C for about 15-minutes, or at room temperature (about 22°C) for about two days.
  • the surface film can be applied to completely cover the bait for a maximum diminution in stimulant release, and subsequent prolongation of stimulant retention for several hours.
  • the film can be applied to only partially cover the bait to provide a range of profiles of stimulant release, and bait lifetimes, that are intermediate between those of the completely coated or completely uncoated product.
  • a great variety of fish, feeding stimulants can be incorporated into both the surface coat and the foam layer of the bait. Any stimulant in either liquid or solid (e.g., meal, crystalline chemicals) form can be used.
  • Attractants can be prepared from natural baits or fishery wastes (e.g., shrimp heads, fish heads, carcasses) and underutilized species by liquification and heat treatment to Inactivate hydrolytic enzymes. Also, liquified or solid wastes can be dried and ground to a meal for incorporation into the baits.
  • Useful synthetic stimulants are described in the following publications.
  • the various components of the composite material may be combined in the following proportions to produce the compositions of the invention.
  • Humectant e.g., glycerol 0 - 8.0
  • Preservatives e.g., sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite
  • Foamable plastic e.g., polyurethane pre-polymer
  • antioxidant 2 g butylated hydroxytoluene, 2 g butylated hydroxy- anisole, 1 g propyl gallate, 1 g citric acid, and 4 g propylene glycol. Dissolved in 10 ml ethanol.
  • Shrimp Flavored Bait A Surface Coat 1) Stimulant - whole shrimp or shrimp heads. a. An enzyme-inactivated slurry of shrimp is prepared and centrifuged to obtain a particle-free supernatant containing feeding stimulants. b. In the stated order are added to a mixing vessel: 40 g of above supernatant
  • Synthetic attractant is dissolved in water to a concentration of 15% (w/w) and the above example repeated with 40 g of the synthetic attractant.
  • Cigar Minnow ( Baitfish) Flavored Bait
  • Steps C, D and E are repeated as in Example 1 above.
  • the resulting composite is cut and assembled to form artificial baits of desired shapes and sizes.
  • Hypol FHP 2000 foamable polyurethane prepolymer 60 g Hypol FHP 2000 foamable polyurethane prepolymer, mixed vigorously with a stirring motor, and poured over a sheet of Tuftane TF-800 (extruded polyurethane sheet, Lords Corp., Erie, Pa., without adhesive) in a 91 in 2 mold.
  • Tuftane TF-800 extruded polyurethane sheet, Lords Corp., Erie, Pa., without adhesive
  • Helastic WC-6512 such that 75-80% of the outer surface is covered with the aqueous polymer dispersion.
  • the dipped baits are hung at room temperature and permitted to dry over a ca. 2-day period; alternatively, they can be dried in a ca. 15-minute period in a drying oven at 80°C.
  • the dipped portion of the dried product is thus provided with a thin, strong, flexible film of polyurethane.
  • the hydrophilic colloid may be a cellulose gum, carboxymethylcellulose and salts thereof, natural and synthetic gums, proteins, polymers, algin, agar.
  • hydrophilic colloids listed below may be substituted for carboxymethylcellulose and used to prepare surface coats as described above.
  • Guar gum 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0
  • Locust bean gum 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0
  • Helastic WC-6512 Helastic 5, 10, or 20 Xanthan + locust bean gum
  • Kelco* K1B109F 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0
  • Carageenan gum 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 Karaya gum 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0
  • Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) 1.5 CMC washed with Al + 3 CMC (1%) plus Helastic WC-6512 Helastic 5, 10 or 20
  • Hydrophilic colloid Carboxymethyl cellulose, gums and thickening agents such as quar, locust bean, tragacanth, karaya, etc.
  • Foamable plastic Polyurethane and other foamable polymers to which surface coat may be bonded e.g., cellulose acetate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride
  • Emulsion polymer Styrene butadiene copolymers poly- urethanes, acrylics, etc.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B graphically depict the attractant release characteristics of the baits prepared above.
  • Two 10-g portions of the same polyurethane foam were prepared to differ only in the following regard: One portion has 500 mg of a stimulant incorporated Into a surface coating as described in Example 1, whereas the second portion has 500 mg of the same stimulant incorporated only and directly into the foam.
  • the material with the stimulant in the surface coat displays the following superior qualities that are critical to the effectiveness of a bait: (1) During the first 20 minutes in the water, the surface-coated material releases stimulant at a rate (mg stimulant/g of bait/min) that ranges from 2- to 5.5-times greater than the rate realized during the same time period by the material with stimulant incorporated into the foam itself, (see FIG.
  • the surface-coated material releases about 87% (435 mg) of the total stimulant it contains whereas only about 30% (150 mg) of the total stimulant is released by the material with the stimulant in the foam layer (see FIG. 4B).
  • the surface-coated material retains a soft, slimy texture that is absent from the uncoated material. This soft, slimy texture contributes a significant tactile and gustatory property that is important in the acceptability of the bait by fish. Field tests showed that baits with a surface coating of feeding stimulant consistently outperformed those with stimulant only in the foam. As shown in FIG. 5, a bait with a surface coating of stimulant prepared as described in Example I, releases stimulant at a much greater rate, and for a longer duration, than even an exceptional natural bait such as fresh, peeled shrimp.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
EP19870905007 1986-06-11 1987-06-10 Composite material and artificial bait Ceased EP0268675A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US87283486A 1986-06-11 1986-06-11
US872834 1986-06-11
US93679186A 1986-12-02 1986-12-02
US936791 1986-12-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0268675A1 true EP0268675A1 (en) 1988-06-01

Family

ID=27128263

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19870905007 Ceased EP0268675A1 (en) 1986-06-11 1987-06-10 Composite material and artificial bait

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0268675A1 (da)
DK (1) DK64588D0 (da)
WO (1) WO1987007476A1 (da)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4927643A (en) * 1988-11-23 1990-05-22 Orazio Vincent T D Soluble fish-attractant coating, coated lure, and coating composition and method
US5197219A (en) * 1990-06-22 1993-03-30 Marco Seattle, Inc. Artificial bait for fish and shellfish
US5270044A (en) * 1991-05-24 1993-12-14 Hampshire Chemical Corp. Degradable articles and methods of using such articles as degradable bait
US5664362A (en) * 1993-09-03 1997-09-09 The Board Of Supervisors Of Louisiana State University And Agricultural And Mechanical College Fishing lure which releases the involuntary biting reflex of largemouth bass and other fishes within the family centrachidae
US5720996A (en) * 1995-12-04 1998-02-24 The Board Of Supervisors Of Louisiana State University And Agricultural And Mechanical College Feeding activator in rainbow trout and other salmonids
US6141900A (en) * 1998-09-18 2000-11-07 Rudolph; John H. Flexible oscillating fishing lure system
GB2395102A (en) * 2002-11-16 2004-05-19 Nicholas John Peake Multilayered liquid bait dispenser
GB2423911B (en) * 2005-03-11 2008-04-30 David Preston Fish bait and methods for the process thereof
US8883231B2 (en) * 2007-02-27 2014-11-11 Pure Fishing, Inc. Packaged artificial soft baits
NO341641B1 (no) * 2013-01-17 2017-12-18 Kvalvikbait As Lokkemiddel for fiskeagn og fremgangsmåte for dets fremstilling
WO2022094592A1 (en) * 2020-10-29 2022-05-05 University Of Florida Research Foundation Open cell hydrogel networks and methods for making and using the same

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2874048A (en) * 1956-09-28 1959-02-17 Gustav A Walldov Water-soluble fish bait and method
US3060620A (en) * 1959-01-26 1962-10-30 Binkowski Andrew Weedless hook skirt
US3180049A (en) * 1961-10-26 1965-04-27 Ralph R Gunderson Fish lure
US3245171A (en) * 1964-07-15 1966-04-12 Dana R Henry Fish lure
US3940869A (en) * 1974-08-21 1976-03-02 Roberts Eldon E Artificial fishing lure
US4202905A (en) * 1978-02-22 1980-05-13 Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals Incorporated Luminous material for use in fishery and method for the production thereof
US4245420A (en) * 1979-03-13 1981-01-20 Carr William E S Artificial bait for aquatic species
US4463018A (en) * 1979-03-13 1984-07-31 University Of Florida Artificial bait for aquatic species

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See references of WO8707476A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1987007476A1 (en) 1987-12-17
DK64588A (da) 1988-02-09
DK64588D0 (da) 1988-02-09

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