EP0286027A2 - Procédé et dispositif pour dresser des meules - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour dresser des meules Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0286027A2
EP0286027A2 EP88105275A EP88105275A EP0286027A2 EP 0286027 A2 EP0286027 A2 EP 0286027A2 EP 88105275 A EP88105275 A EP 88105275A EP 88105275 A EP88105275 A EP 88105275A EP 0286027 A2 EP0286027 A2 EP 0286027A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
dressing tool
dressing
tool
holder
grinding wheel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP88105275A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0286027A3 (fr
Inventor
Ernst Saljé
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0286027A2 publication Critical patent/EP0286027A2/fr
Publication of EP0286027A3 publication Critical patent/EP0286027A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B53/00—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces
    • B24B53/06—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces of profiled abrasive wheels
    • B24B53/08—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces of profiled abrasive wheels controlled by information means, e.g. patterns, templets, punched tapes or the like

Definitions

  • the invention relates to methods and devices for dressing grinding wheels with a dressing tool accommodated in a holder and having a rounded profile in the working area, in particular a diamond tool, which is guided over the grinding wheel during the dressing process by means of a control on a trajectory curve so that it is in each case is essentially normal to the grinding wheel contour.
  • CNC-controlled two-, two-and-a-half or three-axis post-forming devices are a proven means of making the grinding technology flexible.
  • problems arise when using such devices when it comes to meeting high accuracy requirements.
  • One of the most important disturbances regarding the accuracy of CNC post-forming devices is the wear on the dressing tool, for example on the diamond.
  • the accuracy of the profile of a grinding wheel is both dependent on the kinematic accuracy of the trajectory of the Dressing tool and depending on the tool shape. The shape is affected by wear. It is difficult to predict in advance.
  • the object of the invention is to overcome existing difficulties and disadvantages of the type mentioned above as far as possible.
  • the aim is to influence the wear behavior of the dressing tool, which leads to largely uniform wear of the dressing tool.
  • the invention further aims to obtain reference points from the respective state of the dressing tool in order to be able to calculate and program the required trajectory curve as well as possible.
  • the invention is also intended to provide advantageous designs of dressing devices which are particularly suitable for overcoming the existing difficulties. Further problems connected with all of this, with which the invention is concerned, result from the respective explanation of the indicated solution.
  • the invention provides that the dressing tool is given a pivoting movement about a pivot axis during the dressing process, which at least approximately coincides with a rounding center of the working area of the dressing tool. This ensures that as many individual parts of the working area of the dressing tool come into contact with the grinding wheel in the course of the dressing process and the wear of the working area is thereby evened out. This also gives the advantage that the profile of the dressing tool maintains a more continuous course.
  • the rounding center is the center of the circle.
  • the rounding can be Consider the center as the point from which radial rays to the contour have essentially the same length in a certain angular range.
  • the frequency of the swiveling movement of the dressing tool and the size of the same can be selected depending on the circumstances and can include depend on the length of the working area, the contour angles on the profile of the grinding wheel, the duration of the dressing process and other sizes, in particular wear-related profile changes.
  • Favorable values for the frequency can be in the order of magnitude between approximately 0.2 Hz and 2.5 Hz.
  • the swivel angle can be in the range of approximately 15 to 45 degrees or else be smaller.
  • the swiveling movement of the dressing tool is controlled in accordance with a measurement value which is dependent on the condition of the dressing tool.
  • a measurement value which is dependent on the condition of the dressing tool. This can relate to both the size and the speed of the swivel movement. For example, the speed can also be selected to be different in size via the swivel angle.
  • a geometric value can be considered as a measurement value for controlling the size or the speed of the swiveling movement, for example a length measurement value, which is determined between dressing processes on the dressing tool.
  • a structure-borne noise signal can also be used, which is determined during the dressing process on a part connected to the dressing tool, in particular a holder thereof. It has been shown that a structure-borne noise spectrum shows characteristic features when wear occurs on the dressing tool in places. These can be used accordingly.
  • the invention provides that, at least once in a while, a measuring process is used to determine whether the rounding center of the dressing tool is at least approximately on a given swivel axis for the dressing tool, and that if the positions deviate an at least extensive correspondence of the rounding center with the swivel axis is brought about by an adjustment movement of the dressing tool.
  • the invention further provides that, at least every now and then, before performing a dressing process, a medium rounding off of the working area of the dressing tool is determined and the value for this is fed to a program for the path control of the dressing tool for processing. This ensures that the most accurate path curve is available for guiding the dressing tool.
  • the above-mentioned determination of the rounding center of the dressing tool and the determination of the average rounding of the working area of the dressing tool mentioned here can in particular be the same measurement process.
  • the measuring process and possibly subsequent processes or measures, in particular an adjustment movement of the dressing tool can be carried out manually. In many cases, however, it is advantageous to carry out at least some of the individual steps automatically.
  • the invention further relates to a device with a holder for the dressing tool, which can be moved by means of a multi-axis control, in particular a CNC control, relative to a rotatably mounted grinding wheel to be dressed, in positions normal to the contour thereof.
  • a multi-axis control in particular a CNC control
  • An advantageous embodiment of such a device is characterized in that the holder can be moved to and fro about a pivot axis by means of a controllable actuator and the dressing tool is arranged in the holder in a receptacle which can be adjusted transversely to the pivot axis in such a way that the pivot axis is at least approximately rounded. Center of the dressing tool runs.
  • the holder of the dressing tool can advantageously be adjusted by means of a controllable actuator, in particular automatically depending on measured or predeterminable variables.
  • a measuring device is arranged at a predetermined location in the movement area of the dressing tool, which is suitable for determining geometric values in the working area of the dressing tool.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the dressing of a grinding wheel S with a profile P which extends in a curved manner over the width by means of a shaping tool W, for example a diamond tool, which is rounded off in its working area A.
  • a shaping tool W for example a diamond tool
  • the rounding radius r1 starting from the rounding center Z is an important parameter for the dressing process.
  • the dressing tool W is guided with the aid of a multi-axis path control or post-forming device in such a way that its rounding center Z moves on a path curve K shown in dash-dotted lines in FIG. 1, which is equidistant from the disk profile P.
  • the letter T denotes the tangent to the profile P and the letter N denotes the contour normal.
  • this representation also shows that when the radius of curvature r1 of the dressing tool W changes, a correspondingly modified path curve must be specified.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates that dressing tools W1 and W2 with different radius of curvature r1 and r2 also require different path curves K1 and K2 . It also becomes clear that a profile error on the dressing tool normally leads to 1st order errors in the contour of the grinding wheel.
  • the tool W in FIG. 1 is a so-called fixed tool, which therefore does not itself perform any movement relative to its immediate holding or holding.
  • a rotatably mounted dressing tool such as a form dressing roller, as such is indicated by dash-dotted lines in FIG. 1 at the letter WR.
  • the wear of such a dressing roll will be less under comparable conditions because of the large number of individual diamonds over the scope of the dressing roll than with a single diamond or a single solid dressing tool in the form of a "form tile" or the like.
  • FIG. 2 shows a dressing tool W, the working area A of which has undergone wear compared to the original, dash-dotted state.
  • the point of contact on the grinding wheel has shifted in the direction of the contour normal N by the value p.
  • the radius of curvature has decreased from the initial value of r1 to a smaller value r ⁇ .
  • a correction must now be made if the contour error is to be eliminated.
  • Fig. 2 makes it clear that the change in the radius of curvature with the resulting profile shift p leads to an error if the path curve K is not shifted to a different distance equidistant to the profile of the tool or grinding wheel at the same time as a change in the radius of curvature.
  • the degree of coverage U of the dressing tool must have a certain amount.
  • the overlap wheel is defined as the quotient of the active mesh width and axial feed. Strictly speaking, this applies to straight grinding wheels or those with small contour angles ⁇ . In the case of profiled grinding wheels with large contour angles ⁇ , the tangential contour feed must be set instead of the axial feed.
  • the dressing tool should also ⁇ at large contour angles stand perpendicular, ie in the direction of the normal N, to the contour of the grinding wheel (cf. Fig. 1). This is one reason why the dressing tool is to be guided during the dressing process by means of a multi-axis control, in particular with a 3-axis control.
  • the trajectory of the dressing tool is then a function of the coordinates ZS, RS and ⁇ .
  • the invention provides that the dressing tool W is given a pivoting movement during the dressing process, as illustrated in FIG. 4.
  • This pivoting movement advantageously takes place about a pivot axis which at least approximately coincides with the rounding center Z of the working area A of the dressing tool W.
  • the swivel plane is in particular the plane in which the dressing tool W also performs its movement along the path curve.
  • the swiveling movement advantageously takes place around the normal N on the grinding wheel contour.
  • the swivel angle is designated with the letter e. Its size can vary depending on the requirements.
  • the frequency of the pivoting movement with the angle e can be selected depending on the circumstances. It can advantageously be of the order of magnitude of one hertz, but can also be even smaller.
  • an error also occurs if the radius of curvature of the dressing tool decreases due to wear. It is not possible, to specify an exactly running path curve without further ado. In order to achieve this as well, an average rounding off of the working area of the dressing tool is determined at least once in a while before carrying out a dressing process, and a corresponding value is fed to a program for the path control of the dressing tool for processing.
  • FIG. 5 shows, in part schematically, a surface grinding machine with a table 11 which can be displaced in a straight line in the direction of the axis XM on a frame 12.
  • a support with a bearing for a grinding wheel S can be adjusted in a known manner in the direction of the axis YM.
  • a cross slide 15 can be displaced in the direction of the axis ZD, which in turn has a guide 16 for a longitudinal slide 17 which can be displaced in the direction of the axis XD.
  • an arm-shaped holder 18 is mounted so that it can rotate about an axis B.
  • the number 19 denotes an actuator, in particular a suitable controllable electric motor, and the number 20 denotes an angle step encoder assigned to the actuator.
  • a receptacle 21 for the dressing tool W At the lower end of the arm 18 there is a receptacle 21 for the dressing tool W. The latter is shown in a working position on the grinding wheel in FIG. 5.
  • the carriage 15 and 17 and the arm 18 are controlled by a multi-axis path control of a known type so that the desired sequence of movements results in the dressing process.
  • the program of the path control is informed of the changes in the state of the dressing tool take into account, in particular a change in the radius of curvature.
  • a measuring device 41 is arranged on the table 11 of the surface grinding machine according to FIG. 5 outside the working area of the grinding wheel, but in the range of movement of the dressing tool W, as given by the parts 16, 17 and 18 mentioned, which will be explained in more detail below.
  • FIG. 6 also illustrates a surface grinding machine with a frame 12, workpiece table 11, stand 13 and a dressing device.
  • a transverse guide 14 is provided here for a slide 15 ⁇ , on which a support slide 17 ⁇ can be displaced perpendicularly to the workpiece table 11 in a guide 16 ⁇ .
  • An actuator 19 ⁇ with angle encoder 20 ⁇ is arranged on the carriage 17 ⁇ , the transmission of the rotary movement to the holder 18 ⁇ via a bevel gear 22. Otherwise, what has been said about the embodiment according to FIG. 5 applies accordingly.
  • the actuator 19 or 19 ⁇ is used both for the contour-normal guidance of the dressing tool and for causing the pivoting movement about the pivot axis B.
  • the invention also includes the possibility of the like for both separate actuators. to provide.
  • the servo motor 19 rotates the arm 18 held by roller bearings 23 in the slide 17 via a gear adapter 24.
  • the receptacle 2 for the dressing tool W located at the lower end of the arm 18 has an insert 25 which is exchangeably fastened in a bore in the arm 18, in the bore of which a shaft part 26 which carries the dressing tool W at the front end can be displaced axially by means of an accuracy spindle 27 is.
  • the spindle 27 engages in a corresponding threaded bore 28 of the shaft part 26.
  • the number 29 denotes a pin projecting into a longitudinal groove of the shaft part 26, which secures the shaft part against rotation about its axis during its movement.
  • a handwheel or rotary knob 30 can be provided for rotating the spindle 27, as shown in FIG. 9, or else a controllable motor drive 31, as schematically illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11.
  • a worm wheel 33 in which a worm 34 engages, sits on an extension 32 of the spindle 27. This is by means of a controllable servomotor 35 to which an angle stepper 36 or the like. is assigned, rotatable, such that the shaft 26 and thus the dressing tool W can be adjusted axially sensitively by means of the servomotor 35.
  • the measuring device 41 consists essentially of a sensitive length sensor 42 (dial gauge or the like) with a contact plate 43 and a display indicated by a scale 44.
  • the length sensor is advantageously designed as a sensor, so that the values determined by it can be forwarded for processing in a computer or a control.
  • a measuring process is running e.g. as follows. First, the arm 18 is moved towards the measuring device 14 with the aid of a measuring program entered for the parts of the dressing device until the working area of the dressing tool W lies against the contact plate 43 and the display of the length sensor 42 indicates a value "0". As a result, pivoting of the arm 18 by means of the actuator 19 about the axis B by a predeterminable angle can be triggered, in particular an angle which corresponds to that when the dressing tool pivots during the dressing process (see FIG. 4 and the associated explanation).
  • the resultant measured value can be evaluated. However, because in most cases, if the dressing tool is worn, the pivot axis B will no longer coincide with the rounding center Z of the dressing tool, it is necessary to establish a corresponding match. This is done by means of the axially adjustable shaft 26 of the receptacle 21 (FIGS. 11 and 12).
  • Fig. 9 it is shown that the pivot axis B is shifted by the amount h from the center of the dressing tool W.
  • the length measurement value detected by the measuring device 41 during the measuring process is denoted by the letter "m".
  • the value “m” then results as a function of the swivel angle e. This results, for example, in the course according to curve a in FIG. 12.
  • the dressing tool W is advanced further with the arm 18 against the length sensor 42.
  • a new measurement of the value "m” is then carried out as a function of the pivot angle or the difference between the pivot axis B and the Rounding center Z. This can correspond to curve b in FIG. 12, for example.
  • the state will finally be reached that the difference h will become zero.
  • the result of the measurement for the value "m" is represented as a straight line, corresponding to curve c in FIG. 12.
  • the pivot axis B and the rounding center Z of the dressing tool now coincide.
  • the straight line c is obtained when the radius r1 of the dressing tool is constant over the entire swivel angle and corresponds to the amount of "m".
  • the curve determined for "m" deviates from a straight line.
  • the curve d in FIG. 12 indicates, for example, that the maximum wear was present almost symmetrically at the apex of the working area of the dressing tool.
  • the swivel axis was in front of the center of the profile.
  • This curve f in FIG. 12 describes an asymmetrical profile of the dressing tool. All measurement curves can be processed and saved with the aid of a computer.
  • the assignment of the profile center of the dressing tool to the pivot axis B or the distance h is advantageously carried out automatically according to the program explained, depending on the respective measurement result of the measuring device 41.
  • manual assignment or adjustment is also possible, in which case e.g. an embodiment with rotary knob 30 (Fig. 9) is used.
  • Deviations of the measurement results from the required accuracies can also be used according to the invention to correct the trajectory of the dressing tool during the dressing process relative to the profile of the grinding wheel.
  • the radius of curvature required to control the path of the dressing tool can at least be approximated using the measurement method explained.
  • the geometric principle for averaging the rounding is illustrated in FIG. 13.
  • the point Z is the original center point of the front end of the dressing tool or the rounding center thereof.
  • the associated original starting contour is designated with the letter AK.
  • Point M is the new rounding center that belongs to the changed contour VK of the work area. From this point M to the actual contour VK of the dressing tool, measured at different angles, the length values m1 to m5 result as a function of the angle e, i.e. a curve as shown in FIG. 14.
  • the measuring program is advantageously designed as a so-called self-learning program, as can be easily designed by a person skilled in the art. This program then causes the pivot center to be shifted by the associated actuator so that differences between the measured values m1 to m5 become zero.
  • the course of the values for "m” depends, as can be seen in FIG. 9, on the distance h between points B and Z. During the self-learning process of the program, the position is also recorded according to the value h. 15 shows this.
  • the angular step encoder 36 which is coupled to the relevant servomotor 35, can measure the displacement by the amount h depending on the direction. If the coordinate h is changed, the measurements of "m” can be repeated and the results compared until the value of h is found for which the individual deviations of the value "m” become minimal.
  • the mentioned determined values for h, the angular position about the pivot axis B or the angle e and the measured values for "m" are fed to a computer 45. On the one hand, this gives actuating signals to the relevant actuators 35 and 19 for the displacement in the sense of the value h and the pivoting angle about the axis B. This is done on the basis of strategies as explained above and can also be selected according to the respective case of need. As a result, a value for an average rounding rP is obtained. This variable is fed to the path controller 46 or its program for controlling the path curve for generating the correct profile of the grinding wheel.
  • FIG. 16 and 17 show a dressing device which is equipped with a dressing tool WR in the form of a rotatably mounted roller WR.
  • the rotation of the dressing roller can e.g. done by a drive motor 48 via a toothed belt 49.
  • the explanations in the above description apply analogously and correspondingly to such a dressing tool, its holder and its possibilities of movement.
  • the invention provides for recording structure-borne noise signals during dressing on a part connected to the dressing tool and using them to influence the dressing process, in particular in the sense of an adjustment control.
  • a dressing tool has an irregularity, damage or, despite measures taken otherwise, irregular wear at one point in its working area, this can be seen in the spectrum of structure-borne noise frequencies, especially if the dressing tool experiences a swivel during the dressing process. If, for example, there is a one-sided impairment or wear, then a swiveling movement to this side results in a smaller grinding wheel chip cross-section and a decrease in the structure-borne sound signal in terms of its intensity. This change can be exploited in different ways.
  • the dressing tool is pivoted during the dressing process, as was explained further above, it can be advantageous to allow the speed of the pivoting movement to run unevenly over the pivoting angle, in particular in such a way that areas with a low structure-borne noise intensity are passed through more quickly. This means that the dressing tool is then less stressed in those areas in which there is wear or other impairment.
  • a structure-borne sound transmitter 50 is fastened to the holder 18 for the dressing tool W.
  • the signal line is designated by the number 51.
  • the structure-borne noise signals detected can be fed to a processing device, which then triggers the measures or processes desired in the respective case.
  • the signal line 51 can be connected to the computer 45 (FIG. 15), which processes the signals in accordance with a predefinable program and controls the servomotor 19 for the pivoting movement about the axis B in such a way that the pivoting movement takes place at the desired uneven speed.
  • Such a structure-borne sound transmitter 50 can of course also be attached at another location, so also directly on the receptacle 21 for the dressing tool.
  • a determined structure-borne noise signal can also be used to fundamentally secure the dressing process and, in particular, to end it when the dressing tool has reached a state in which a proper sequence is no longer possible. This can also be seen from the type of structure-borne sound signal. If a predeterminable threshold for the signal is exceeded, the process can be ended via the control or the computer and, at the same time, a signal can be issued which prompts the user to replace the dressing tool.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Grinding-Machine Dressing And Accessory Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
EP88105275A 1987-04-04 1988-03-31 Procédé et dispositif pour dresser des meules Withdrawn EP0286027A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3711502 1987-04-04
DE19873711502 DE3711502A1 (de) 1987-04-04 1987-04-04 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum abrichten von schleifscheiben

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0286027A2 true EP0286027A2 (fr) 1988-10-12
EP0286027A3 EP0286027A3 (fr) 1990-05-16

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EP88105275A Withdrawn EP0286027A3 (fr) 1987-04-04 1988-03-31 Procédé et dispositif pour dresser des meules

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DE (1) DE3711502A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012046614A1 (fr) * 2010-10-08 2012-04-12 Ntn株式会社 Dispositif de dressage
CN115284176A (zh) * 2022-05-30 2022-11-04 南京茂莱光学科技股份有限公司 一种透镜抛光模面型精度的快速修整方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4331253A1 (de) * 1993-09-15 1995-03-16 Blohm Maschinenbau Gmbh Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines Profils an einem Werkstück

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE363260B (fr) * 1972-06-02 1974-01-14 Lidkoepings Mekaniska Verkstad
US4603677A (en) * 1984-08-29 1986-08-05 Gile Richard H Orthogonal dressing of grinding wheels
US4631870A (en) * 1985-03-28 1986-12-30 Industrial Technology Research Institute CNC grinding machine

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012046614A1 (fr) * 2010-10-08 2012-04-12 Ntn株式会社 Dispositif de dressage
JP2012081542A (ja) * 2010-10-08 2012-04-26 Ntn Corp ドレッシング装置
CN115284176A (zh) * 2022-05-30 2022-11-04 南京茂莱光学科技股份有限公司 一种透镜抛光模面型精度的快速修整方法

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Publication number Publication date
DE3711502A1 (de) 1988-10-13
EP0286027A3 (fr) 1990-05-16
DE3711502C2 (fr) 1990-01-25

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