EP0286977B1 - Procédé et appareil pour contrôler le refroidissement de moules pour la coulée contrôlée sous pression de métaux - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil pour contrôler le refroidissement de moules pour la coulée contrôlée sous pression de métaux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0286977B1
EP0286977B1 EP88105531A EP88105531A EP0286977B1 EP 0286977 B1 EP0286977 B1 EP 0286977B1 EP 88105531 A EP88105531 A EP 88105531A EP 88105531 A EP88105531 A EP 88105531A EP 0286977 B1 EP0286977 B1 EP 0286977B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature
mold
carriage
walls
cooling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88105531A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0286977A3 (en
EP0286977A2 (fr
Inventor
Iacopo Martini
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IRITECNA SOCIETA PER L'IMPIANTISTICA INDUSTRIALE E
Original Assignee
Iritecna Per L'impiantistica Industriale E L'assetto Del Territorio Per Azioni Soc
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Priority to AT88105531T priority Critical patent/ATE77276T1/de
Publication of EP0286977A2 publication Critical patent/EP0286977A2/fr
Publication of EP0286977A3 publication Critical patent/EP0286977A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0286977B1 publication Critical patent/EP0286977B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
    • B22D17/32—Controlling equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65C—LABELLING OR TAGGING MACHINES, APPARATUS, OR PROCESSES
    • B65C2210/00—Details of manually controlled or manually operable label dispensers
    • B65C2210/0037—Printing equipment
    • B65C2210/004—Printing equipment using printing heads
    • B65C2210/0045—Printing equipment using printing heads mechanically actuated, e.g. by a hand lever

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for the cooling of molds for the controlled-pressure casting of metals.
  • the process of controlled-pressure casting of metals for the production of thick slabs substantially consists of the casting of liquid metal, generally steel, into a mold constituted by mobile walls made of steel and graphite.
  • the liquid metal is contained in a pressurized vessel arranged below the said mold.
  • a given period of time shall lapse to permit the cast metal to solidify completely.
  • suitable cooling means are applied to said walls.
  • said mobile walls are displaced (opening of the mold) and the solidified metal product can be removed and conveyed to successive processing.
  • the mold with the mobile walls thereof is prepared for the successive working cycle with new liquid metal. Under normal conditions, this operative cycle is repeated an indefinite number of times.
  • the preparation of the mold consists in the removal of slags or other residues produced during the preceding cycle, and in the lining of the walls that will be contacted by the molten metal, with a thin layer of insulating material. Since the temperature of the walls is very high during said preparation step, this step is carried out by means of semi-automatic machines that require no personnel in proximity of said walls. The personnel operates the said machines from a remote control cabin.
  • the practical use has shown that the characteristics of the insulating lining mentioned above strongly affect the final quality of the solidified product.
  • the material being used for said lining is made of mullite powder (3Al2O3.2SiO2) or aluminia powder (Al2O3), materials of mineral origin which are widely used in iron metallurgy. It is not to be excluded that new materials will be selected for this purpose in the future.
  • the layer applied to the walls shall have a well-definite thickness, a good consistency and a good adhesion to the walls.
  • the walls are constituted by huge blocks of graphite, and during the normal operation they are periodically contacted by very large masses of liquid metal in the course of solidification. Due to the considerable thermic inertia of the walls and the fast rate at which the operative cycles follow each other, the average temperature of the walls is always much higher than the suitable temperature for lining. However, it is not the average temperature which is concerned, but rather the surface temperature.
  • a known method according to the preamble of claim 1, is used.
  • This method comprises the spraying of pressurized water on the mold walls, the measuring of the surface temperature of said walls and the terminating of the water-spraying when the measured temperature has lowered to a level suitable for the lining of the mold walls.
  • This known method is performed simultaneously with the cleaning of the mold walls, i.e. during the same operation abundant jets of water, beside cleaning the walls, also cool the same.
  • a practically constructed apparatus which comprises a plurality of movable nozzles for spraying pressurized cold water on the mold walls, and a system of directive thermometers for measuring the surface temperature of the mold walls.
  • This known cooling apparatus consists of a machine usually utilized for cleaning the mold walls and provided with large rotatable and translatable brushes.
  • This known method is efficient for reducing the temperature of the faces of the mold walls, but is not efficient as well for rendering the temperature uniform at every spot.
  • the said directive thermometers show that at some spots the temperature departs from the ideal values, and said spots will likely show defects in the lining which, in turn, will cause surface defects in the finished product.
  • the invention aims to improve the industrial process called casting under controlled pressure, so as to obtain important advantages of qualitative, therefore economical, nature by a method and an apparatus which enable the cooling of the walls so as to control the temperature thereof with the higher accuracy than possible with the apparatus and methods used heretofore.
  • Said higher accuracy has the purpose of achieving during the cooling operation, an established value of temperature spreading uniformly over the entire surface of the walls of a mold.
  • the established temperature reached at the moment when the insulating lining is carried out, helps a successful outcome of the insulating lining on the walls, which is a necessary requirement for obtaining good qualitative characteristics of the industrial product resulting from the controlled-pressure casting process.
  • Said slabs are pieces having the weight of some tens of tons and a parallelepipedal shape, with dimensions within the following ranges: length 8 to 12 metres width 2 to 3 metres thickness 0,15 to 0,40 metres
  • the last dimension is generally the most significant to qualify the technological characteristics of the production process.
  • Slabs are the intermediate product in the cycle of production of plates and other rolled steel sections.
  • the geometric simplicity of the shape of slabs and the fact of the mold being formed mainly by two large planar faces make this type of production most suitable for using the method and the apparatus according to the present invention.
  • the said method and apparatus may be advantageously applied for the casting of other geometrical shapes and of other metals.
  • the apparatus substantially comprises the following parts:
  • the automatic system for measuring the temperatures is constituted by a bank of directive thermometers 1 (called hereinafter “pyrometers”) mounted on a supporting structure 2 (called hereinafter “pyrometer carriage”) which can be moved either by its own prime mover, or because it is mounted on movable parts of other machinery.
  • pyrometers a bank of directive thermometers 1
  • pyrometer carriage which can be moved either by its own prime mover, or because it is mounted on movable parts of other machinery.
  • the arrangement of the pyrometers on the pyrometer carriage is such that as a result of the movement of said carriage the temperature of all the surfaces to be lines can be measured and the measurements are carried out at successive and suitably programmed moments.
  • the pyrometer carriage 2 is provided with a data transmission system capable of transmitting to the logic control unit both the position of the carriage and the measurement effected by each individual pyrometer.
  • the transmission system comprises a loop of screened cables 3, supported by guides and small trolleys which are carried by the carriage during its translational stroke.
  • the data measurement and transmission system described above may be implemented by other methods, if the latter ensure advantages of practical character. More particularly, if the surface to be measured has a sufficiently compact shape, the temperature measurement may be advantageously effected by a system of infrared-sensitive video cameras. In other cases wherein the data transmission via the loop of cables 3 is handicapped by obstacles included in the plant, the data transmission is effected by means of an emitter of electromagnetic or acoustical waves.
  • the automatic cooling system is constituted by a bank of pressurized water sprayers 4 (called hereinafter “sprayers”) mounted on a supporting structure 5 (called hereinafter “sprayer carriage”) which is moved either by its own motive means or because it is mounted on movable parts of other machinery.
  • the arrangement of the sprayers 4 on the sprayer carriage 5 corresponds to the arrangement of the pyrometers 1 on the pyrometer carriage 2, whereby, upon the movement of the carriage, each spot of the surface may be submitted to the application of pressurized water at successive, suitably programmed moments.
  • a relationship is created between the areas submitted to measurement by each pyrometer and the areas submitted to application of water by each sprayer or bank of sprayers.
  • the sprayers carriage 5 is fed with pressurized water from the central mains which also feed the other process machinery.
  • a system of branched ducts feeds the sprayers 4, each one of which is shut off by a remotely-controlled valve.
  • the sprayer carriage 5 is provided with a data transmission system permitting to transmit the position of the carriage to the logic control unit 7 and to receive therefrom the signal of the opening and closing of the shut off valves.
  • This data transmission system comprises a loop of screened cables 6 supported by guides and small trolleys, and with a similar system it is implemented the feeding of pressurized water through flexible hoses.
  • both systems are arranged on board of other movable machinery. In the preferred embodiment, both systems are arranged on board of the wall-cleaning machine.
  • the logic control unit 7 is constituted by an assembly of apparatuses for the reception, processing and transmission of data. Since the system may be implemented in various ways, by using components supplied by manufacturers of computers, only the logic functions carried out by the logic control unit 7 will be described herein.
  • the step of cleaning the inner surfaces of the walls 8 is started by the operators as soon as the mold has been emptied. During this step, the inner surfaces of the walls 8 are sprayed with an amount of water capable of performing the cleaning and, at the same time, the preliminary cooling of the surfaces. During this step it is not necessary to measure the temperature or to perform procedures tending to increase the uniformity of the surface temperature. During this step, the action of the operators has the only purpose of improving the cleaning operations.
  • the operator starts the successive step, the so-called controlled cooling step, which proceeds completely automatically in accordance with the pulses emitted by the control unit 7.
  • the surface temperature of the walls 8 is comparatively low due to the surface cooling carried out during the cleaning step, but the inner layers of the walls 8 are much hotter because they retain the heat which has been accumulated during the solidification of metal.
  • the heating action of the inner layers which in the procedure carried out with an empiric method is a disturbance and, therefore, one of the main causes of inaccuracy, in the controlled procedure ensures the indispensable effect opposing the external cooling action, which is liable to be suitably regulated.
  • the phenomenon should be known and controlled in strictly quantitative terms.
  • the pyrometer carriage 2 receives the start signal and enters the mold to effect a scanning. During this action, the pyrometers 1 are directed toward the faces of the mold and continuously transmit the measurements of temperature which are received and stored in the control unit 7. With respect to the control system, the surface has been divided into zones, i.e., portions of surface having sufficiently small configuration and extension as to be valued in terms of average value with respect to both the measurements and the successive cooling action. During said scanning, the temperature of each surface zone is detected, preferably twice at different moments, whereby the system will be enabled to acquire the temperature and to calculate the heating curve. On completion of the scanning, the control system 7 has created a map, zone by zone, with the temperature and heating rate.
  • the forced cooling is started and is carried out by the sprayer carriage 5 which, by displacements controlled by the control unit 7, enters the mold and successively occupies the positions that are suitable for directing jets of pressurized water against the inner surface of the walls 8. Since a positional relation is established between the nozzles 4 and pyrometers 1 on the respective carriages, the cooling water may be dispensed in jets directed each time towards the same zones created by dividing the surface of the mold, in order to measure the surface temperature.
  • the control system calculates the amount of water required by each zone to be cooled down to the proper temperature.
  • the control of the amount of water to be dispensed is effected zone by zone by means of shut off solenoid valves, the opening and closing of which is controlled directly by the control unit 7. It is, therefore, the task of the logic control unit 7 to determine and achieve the exact amount of sub-cooling of each zone, so that, when the cooling is over, all the zones reach thereafter and simultaneously the temperature which is suitable for the lining. Therefore, the logic control system 7 has the additional task of establishing the exact time to start the successive lining operation.
  • the logic control unit 7 can control, if necessary, the pyrometer carriage to effect an additional scanning in order to check the result which has been obtained. In case the result is not satisfactory, the control unit 7 advances the programmed time of lining and starts a second cooling cycle to achieve a more accurate result.
  • control unit 7 emits the end-of-cycle signal and displays to the operator the most suitable time to start the wall-lining cycle, on the display 9 of the unit 7.
  • the lining cycle is carried out according to the methods known previously to the subject invention. However, since it will be carried out on walls having a well-definite temperature, it will achieve much better quality results which, due to the reasons stated above, permit to obtain important improvements in the industrial process as a whole.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Control Of Heat Treatment Processes (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Procédé de refroidissement des faces intérieures des parois (8) de moules utilisés pour la coulée régulée en pression de métaux, qui consiste à projeter de l'eau sous pression sur les parois du moule, à repérer la température de surface des parois et à mettre fin à la projection d'eau quand la température repérée s'est abaissée à un niveau qui convient pour l'application d'un revêtement sur les parois du moule, caractérisé par les stades suivants qui sont effectués après avoir vidé le moule et après le nettoyage et le refroidissement préliminaires des faces intérieures des parois du moule (8) :
    a) le stade de repérage par points ou par zones de la température des parois du moule (8) de manière à obtenir une carte de la répartition des températures à la surface;
    b) le stade de transmission des valeurs de température repérées à un processeur (7) électronique et de mémorisation de ces valeurs de température dans ce processeur;
    c) le stade de refroidissement, sur commande du processeur (7), des faces intérieures des parois du moule (8) par projection sur chaque point ou sur chaque zone de ces faces d'une quantité d'eau qui est déterminée par le processeur (7) en fonction de la température mémorisée du point ou de la zone respective, de manière à obtenir une température sensiblement uniforme en tout point ou en toute zone des faces des parois du moule (8).
  2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à effectuer le repérage par point ou par zone de la température des faces intérieures des parois du moule (8) en balayant ces faces intérieures par une rangée de thermomètres (1) directifs.
  3. Procédé suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à effectuer le refroidissement des faces intérieures des parois du moule (8) en projetant sur ces faces intérieures un certain nombre de jets d'eau dirigés vers ces faces et associés aux points ou aux zones individuelles, dans lesquels la température est repérée.
  4. Procédé suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à envoyer, sur chaque point ou sur chaque zone de la face intérieure des parois de moules (8) dans laquelle la température est repérée, un jet d'eau respectif qui est proportionnel à la température.
  5. Procédé suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le processeur (7) établit la température moyenne de surface des faces intérieures des parois du moule (8), ces surfaces comprenant plus d'un point ou d'une zone où la température est repérée et envoie, sur chacune de ces surfaces, un jet d'eau respectif qui est proportionnel à la température moyenne.
  6. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le processeur établit la quantité d'eau à projeter sur chaque point ou sur chaque zone dans laquelle la température est repérée et tient en compte non seulement la température repérée et mémorisée, mais également la durée s'écoulant entre le repérage de la température respective et le début de la projection ultérieure destinée au refroidissement des faces intérieures.
  7. Procédé suivant la revendication 1 ou l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 2 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les stades a), b) et c) sont répétés deux fois.
  8. Appareillage pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, comprenant plusieurs buses mobiles destinées à projeter de l'eau froide sous pression sur les parois de moules (8) et un système de thermomètres (1) directifs destinés à repérer la température de surface des parois de moules (8), caractérisé par :
    a) un chariot (2) de repérage de la température qui est mobile, de préférence à une vitesse constante, le long de la face intérieure d'une paroi de moule (8), et qui est muni d'une rangée de thermomètres (1) directifs pointant vers la paroi du moule (8) et reliés à un processeur (7), et
    b) un chariot de dispositifs de projection (5 qui est mobile, de préférence à une vitesse constante, le long de la face intérieure de l'une des parois du moule (8) et qui est muni d'une rangée de buses de projection (4) pointant vers la paroi du moule (8) et reliées chacune à une alimentation en eau froide au moyen d'une électrovanne commandée par le processeur (7).
  9. Appareillage suivant la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que les thermomètres (1) directifs sont disposés en au moins une rangée s'étendant transversalement à la direction de déplacement du chariot de repérage de la température (2) et s'étendant, de préférence, sur toute l'étendue de la paroi du moule (8) transversalement à cette direction de déplacement du chariot de repérage de la température (2).
  10. Appareillage suivant la revendication 8 ou 9, caractérisé en ce que les thermomètres (1) directifs sont des pyromètres.
  11. Appareillage suivant la revendication 8 ou 9, caractérisé en ce que les thermomètres (1) directifs sont des caméras vidéos sensibles aux rayonnements infrarouges.
  12. Appareillage suivant la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que les buses de projection (4) sont disposées suivant au moins une rangée s'étendant transversalement à la direction de déplacement du chariot de dispositifs de projection (5) et s'étendant, de préférence, sur toute l'étendue de la paroi du moule (8) transversalement à la direction de déplacement du chariot de dispositifs de projection (5).
  13. Appareillage suivant l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 8 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le chariot de repérage de la température (2) et le chariot de dispositifs de projection (5) sont réunis sur le même chariot.
  14. Appareillage suivant l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 8 à 13, caractérisé en ce que le chariot de repérage de la température (2) et le chariot de dispositifs de projection (5) sont intégrés dans des machines accessoires mobiles associées au moule.
  15. Appareillage suivant l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 8 à 13, caractérisé en ce que le chariot de repérage de la température (2) et le chariot de dispositifs de projection (5) sont intégrés dans la machine mobile de nettoyage des faces intérieures des parois de moule (8).
  16. Appareillage suivant l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 8 à 15, caractérisé en ce que les thermomètres (1) directifs et/ou les électrovannes d'alimentation des buses de projection (4) sont reliés au processeur (7) au moyen de câbles (3,6) ou au moyen de dispositifs de transmission et de réception d'ondes électromagnétiques ou d'ondes acoustiques.
EP88105531A 1987-04-15 1988-04-07 Procédé et appareil pour contrôler le refroidissement de moules pour la coulée contrôlée sous pression de métaux Expired - Lifetime EP0286977B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88105531T ATE77276T1 (de) 1987-04-15 1988-04-07 Verfahren und einrichtung zum ueberwachen der formkuehlung fuer das gesteuerte druckgiessen von metallen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT1246387 1987-04-15
IT8712463A IT1208277B (it) 1987-04-15 1987-04-15 Apparecchiatura e metodo per il controllo del raffreddamento delle forme utilizzate per la colata sotto pressione controllata deimetalli

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0286977A2 EP0286977A2 (fr) 1988-10-19
EP0286977A3 EP0286977A3 (en) 1989-05-31
EP0286977B1 true EP0286977B1 (fr) 1992-06-17

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88105531A Expired - Lifetime EP0286977B1 (fr) 1987-04-15 1988-04-07 Procédé et appareil pour contrôler le refroidissement de moules pour la coulée contrôlée sous pression de métaux

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0286977B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE77276T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3872026T2 (fr)
IT (1) IT1208277B (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
PT86954B (pt) * 1988-03-11 1994-07-29 Antonio Pinto Barbedo De Magal Processo para controlar a distribuicao de temperaturas de moldacoes permanentes e de pecas vazadas ou injectadas nas referidas moldacoes ou coquilhas
JPH06126383A (ja) * 1992-10-23 1994-05-10 Sintokogio Ltd 金型鋳造設備における金型温度の制御方法およびその装置
DE19810032A1 (de) * 1998-03-09 1999-09-16 Acheson Ind Inc Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Vorbereiten der Formwandungen einer Form zur Urformung bzw. Umformung auf den nächstfolgenden Formungszyklus, Sprühelement mit Zentrifugalzerstäubung und Luftführung und Verwendung eines derartigen Sprühelements zum Versprühen im wesentlichen lösungsmittelfreien Formwandbehandlungsmittels

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH431826A (de) * 1966-03-31 1967-03-15 Wertli Alfred Verfahren zum Stranggiessen von Metallen und Einrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens
JPS5719144A (en) * 1980-07-10 1982-02-01 Nippon Steel Corp Conveying method for high-temperature ingot
US4494594A (en) * 1981-09-08 1985-01-22 Amb Technology, Inc. Spray cooling system for continuous steel casting machine
EP0216764A1 (fr) * 1985-04-03 1987-04-08 KURZINSKI, Cass R. Methode et appareil de coulage continu de l'acier

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0286977A3 (en) 1989-05-31
ATE77276T1 (de) 1992-07-15
DE3872026T2 (de) 1992-12-03
EP0286977A2 (fr) 1988-10-19
IT8712463A0 (it) 1987-04-15
DE3872026D1 (de) 1992-07-23
IT1208277B (it) 1989-06-12

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