EP0295236A2 - Interrupteur manuel à déclencheur électromagnétique - Google Patents

Interrupteur manuel à déclencheur électromagnétique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0295236A2
EP0295236A2 EP88890138A EP88890138A EP0295236A2 EP 0295236 A2 EP0295236 A2 EP 0295236A2 EP 88890138 A EP88890138 A EP 88890138A EP 88890138 A EP88890138 A EP 88890138A EP 0295236 A2 EP0295236 A2 EP 0295236A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contacts
switch
switch according
electromagnet
closes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88890138A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0295236B1 (fr
EP0295236A3 (en
Inventor
Gottfried Alsch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0295236A2 publication Critical patent/EP0295236A2/fr
Publication of EP0295236A3 publication Critical patent/EP0295236A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0295236B1 publication Critical patent/EP0295236B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/66—Power reset mechanisms
    • H01H71/68—Power reset mechanisms actuated by electromagnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/12—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by voltage falling below a predetermined value, e.g. for no-volt protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H19/00—Switches operated by an operating part which is rotatable about a longitudinal axis thereof and which is acted upon directly by a solid body external to the switch, e.g. by a hand
    • H01H19/54—Switches operated by an operating part which is rotatable about a longitudinal axis thereof and which is acted upon directly by a solid body external to the switch, e.g. by a hand the operating part having at least five or an unspecified number of operative positions
    • H01H19/60—Angularly-movable actuating part carrying no contacts
    • H01H19/635—Contacts actuated by rectilinearly-movable member linked to operating part, e.g. by pin and slot
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/32—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts
    • H01H3/40—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts using friction, toothed, or screw-and-nut gearing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/46—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release having means for operating auxiliary contacts additional to the main contacts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a manually operated on-off switch with electromagnetic release, in which a part that opens and closes the switching contacts and an actuator, in particular a rotary handle, are designed separately and can be coupled.
  • Electromagnetic tripping can be an undervoltage trip, a zero voltage trip or a trip as a result of signals such as e.g. Temperature signals mean.
  • a switch of the type mentioned at the beginning which has a reset device, can be found, for example, in AT-PS 380 973.
  • the coupling of the opening and closing part of the switching contacts with the actuating element takes place in this known switch via a locking plunger which is displaceable in the longitudinal direction of the switch or drive shaft.
  • an additional transmission element is provided in this known switch, which is held on a further section of the switch or drive shaft. This further section of the switch or drive shaft is non-rotatably connected to the manually operable part and can be loosely rotated relative to the second region that can be coupled to this part.
  • the switch shaft is taken along via the drivers or the transmission elements connected to them or reset via the plunger and return springs, the prerequisite being that the electromagnet is energized, since otherwise the transmission elements will not be held in engagement with the elements arranged for the switch-on operation can.
  • the invention now aims to simplify the construction of a manually operated on-off switch of the type mentioned at the outset and to increase the mechanical reliability of such a switch. At the same time, the invention aims to create the possibility that the switch not only remains in the off position after it has been triggered or switched off, but that the windings of the electromagnet in this off position cannot be unintentionally re-energized.
  • the switch according to the invention essentially consists in that the part that opens and closes the switching contacts is loaded by a spring out of the driving position for the closing movement and that the part that opens and closes the switching contacts and the actuating member at least on their mutually facing end faces or stop faces are formed from the magnetic flux-conducting material and can be non-positively coupled to one another by the electromagnet.
  • the measure of forming the switch contacts opening and closing part and the actuator at least on their mutually facing end faces or stop faces made of the magnetic flux-conducting material creates the possibility of coupling these two parts directly to one another by using an electromagnet, whereby naturally there must be a self-contained magnetic flux without the need for separate mechanical components.
  • An essential feature of the switch according to the invention is the free tripping, ie even when the handle is blocked and the coil current when it is switched on circuit is interrupted, the main contacts are still switched off. This is a security required by many regulations, which ensures that, for example, machines cannot start automatically after a power failure.
  • the switch according to the invention is designed in such a way that the switch contacts are designed as an electrically conductive bridge and the part that opens and closes the switch contacts is slidably mounted transversely to the bridge. To switch on, the switch contacts are pulled from the actuator into the closed position, such a positive connection being possible only as long as a magnetic flux is maintained by the facing end faces of the actuator and the part that opens and closes the switch contacts.
  • the design is advantageously made such that the electromagnet can be connected to voltage via auxiliary contacts.
  • auxiliary contacts should advantageously interrupt the power supply to the electromagnet when the triggering has taken place, the design being able to be made in a particularly simple manner so that the auxiliary contacts of the electromagnet with the part which opens and closes the switching contacts and / or the actuating element, in particular by stops , can be coupled.
  • the coupling of the opening movement of the auxiliary contacts with the opening movement of the switch contacts of the switch can be carried out in a simple manner in that a plunger actuating the auxiliary contacts of the electromagnet is coupled to the actuating element and the auxiliary contacts are in front of the Initiation of the closing movement of the switch contacts closes.
  • the measure of already closing the auxiliary contacts for the electromagnet before the closing movement of the switch contacts of the switch is initiated serves to ensure the magnetic flux through the facing end faces at a point in time at which the end face of the actuator on the end face of the switch contacts opening and closing part is present, so that subsequently closing the switching contacts of the switch is made possible by rotating or pulling the actuator.
  • a particularly simple and reliable type of coupling of the tappet to the actuating member can be achieved in that the actuating member is in engagement with a rack crossing the axis of rotation of the actuating member.
  • the displacement of this rack when the actuator is rotated enables the desired coupling and offers the possibility of turning the actuator back into the rest position after an undervoltage release.
  • the rack is advantageously coupled with the tappet that actuates the auxiliary contacts.
  • a particularly simple coupling of the movement of the rack with the plunger actuating the auxiliary contacts results from the fact that a pin connected to the plunger is guided in a backdrop of the rack.
  • the rack is advantageously also slidably mounted in its axial direction against the force of a spring in the on position of the actuator.
  • the plunger and the toothed rack can have pawls which, when the switching contacts are in the closed position, are in contact with one another Engage, and it can advantageously be designed spring-loaded itself the plunger actuating the auxiliary contacts of the electromagnet and pressed under the force of the spring into a position in which the auxiliary contacts of the electromagnet are open.
  • the closed position of the auxiliary contacts of the electromagnet can be secured by an additional projection or stop which interacts with the plunger of the part which opens and closes the switch contacts of the switch.
  • this part opens and closes the switching contacts from the actuator under the force of the spring, so that the stop connected to this part is no longer in engagement with the plunger for actuating the auxiliary contacts of the electromagnet and, as a result, these plungers a position can be moved in which the separate switching contacts of the electromagnet are open.
  • the actuating member can be designed as a rotary handle which actuates an axially displaceable part via guides which are oblique or helical to the axis of rotation, as a result of which a rotary movement can be converted into an axial displacement of the actuating member, preferably the part which opens and closes the switching contacts for closing the contacts in the axial direction on train and for opening the contacts in the axial direction on pressure is coupled to the actuator.
  • the procedure is such that the actuating member is designed as a rotary handle which actuates a rotatable part via toothings, the part which opens or closes the switching contacts for closing the contacts against the force of a spring on tension and for opening the contacts on Pressure is coupled to the actuator.
  • the rotary movement of the rotary handle is thus used directly for the switching process, which enables a space-saving construction in the axial direction of the switch.
  • FIG. 1 shows an axial section through a switch according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a section along the line II-II of Figure 1 of the switch in the off position.
  • 3 shows a section analogous to FIG. 2 of the switch in the on position
  • Fig. 4 is a section along the line IV-IV of Fig. 2
  • Fig. 5 is a view of the rack with the plunger actuating the auxiliary contacts in an enlarged view
  • Fig. 4 shows a section along the line IV-IV of Fig. 5
  • Fig. 6 is a section along the line VI-VI of Fig. 1
  • 7 shows an axial section analogous to FIG. 1 through a second embodiment of a switch according to the invention
  • Fig. 8 is a section along the line VIII-VIII of Fig. 7
  • FIG. 9 shows a section along the line IX-IX of FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 1 shows a switch which has a switch housing 1.
  • a rotary handle 2 is rotatably mounted, which cooperates with a rotatable part 4 via a toothing 3.
  • This part 4 has helical guides 5, as will become clear from the following figures, in which an axially displaceable part 6 engages.
  • the axially displaceable part 6, which cooperates with the actuating element designed as a rotary handle, contains a magnet armature 7, which consists of magnetic flux-conducting material at least in the region of the end faces 7a. At least the area of the end faces 8a of the magnetic yoke 8, which is located in the part 9 that opens and closes the switching contacts, is also made of a magnetic flux-conducting material educated.
  • the parts 6 and 9 or 7 and 8 have recesses in which a coil 10 is arranged, which is arranged in a manner not shown relative to the housing of the switch immovable. Since the end faces 7a and 8a are formed from the magnetic flux-conducting material, it is possible, with the coil switched on, when the rotary handle 2 is actuated and thus a displacement of the part 6 in the direction of the arrow 11, via the part 9 which opens and closes the switching contacts take magnetic coupling between the end faces 7 and 8 and actuate the switching bridges, which are indicated by 12.
  • the switch is shown in the off position.
  • the helical guide 5 is shown, which causes the axial movement of the part 6 engaging in this helical guide when the rotary handle 2 is rotated.
  • the material parts 8 and 8a and 7 and 7a which conduct the magnetic flux are clearly visible in FIG. 2.
  • the opening and closing part 9 of the switching contacts carries electrically conductive bridges 13 each supported by a spring 14.
  • the electromagnet is hereby formed by magnet armature 7 and magnet yoke 8, which form the closed magnetic circuit, and by coil 10, which forms the electrical circuit.
  • a bridge 13 causes the switching contacts 12 to close, as is shown in more detail in FIG. 3.
  • Screws 15 are provided for connecting the switching contacts 12 to lines supplied from the outside and not shown in detail.
  • an auxiliary contact which cooperates with a plunger 17.
  • the auxiliary contact 16 is used to separately apply the coil 10 to voltage.
  • the plunger 17 is supported against the force of a spring 18 and is also moved in the direction of arrow 11 when the twist grip 2 is rotated by a stop or pin 20 which interacts with a toothed rack 19 which interacts with the rotatable part 4.
  • the helical guide 5 of the rotatable part 4 is hiebei almost normal in the first portion to the axial direction 21 of the switch, which makes it possible that the ram 17 at the start of the drive by the rack, as will be explained in more detail below
  • Rotary movement of the rotary handle 2 first closes the auxiliary contact 16 and thus excitation of the electromagnet is caused, whereupon the part 6 is displaced in the direction of arrow 11 when the rotary handle is turned further. Since current is already flowing through the coil 10 at this time, a non-positive coupling results between the parts 7 and 8 formed from the magnetic flux-conducting material, which enables the contacts 12 to be closed.
  • Fig. 3 the switch according to the invention is shown in the on position.
  • the spring 14 presses on the electrically conductive bridge 13 and thus gives the contact pressure for a safe current transfer.
  • the support of the electrically conductive bridge 13 via a spring 14 makes it possible to compensate for unevenness or level differences between the individual switching contacts 12.
  • the plunger 17 is secured by a stop 22 on the part 9 that opens and closes the switch contacts.
  • the fact that the plunger 17 is acted upon by a spring 18 ensures that the auxiliary contact 16 leading to the coil 10, which is pretensioned to close the contact, is opened when triggered by the electromagnet or when switched off.
  • the rotatable part 4 has a toothing 23 which cooperates with a toothing 24 of the rack.
  • the toothed rack 19 is moved in the direction of the arrow 27 against the force of a spring 26.
  • the rack 19 has a link in a partial area, in which the pin 20 of the plunger 17 engages.
  • the plunger is displaced in the direction of arrow 11, which enables the auxiliary contact 16 to close and thus excite the electromagnet, as described above.
  • the electromagnet cannot be activated and the part 9 opening and closing the switch contacts cannot be taken along when the twist grip 2 is turned further. If, on the other hand, the electromagnet is energized, the contacts will close via the frictional coupling between parts 7 and 8, and the plunger 17 will also counteract the force of spring 18 via stop 22 of part 9 in which the switching contacts open and close held in his depressed position.
  • the plunger 17 and the rack 19 have pawls 28 and 29 which come into engagement with one another in the closed position of the switching contacts.
  • the pin 20 of the plunger 17 is in the position shown in dashed lines in FIG. 5 within the link path 30.
  • An essential feature of the switch according to the invention is the free trip, ie even when switched on If the handle is blocked and the coil circuit is interrupted, the main contacts are still switched off. This is a security required by many regulations, which ensures that, for example, machines cannot start up automatically after a power failure. A renewed on-switching process can thus only take place by actuating the rotary handle 2, it being necessary to ensure that the coil 10 can be connected to voltage via the auxiliary contact 16 in order to achieve a coupling between the parts 6 and 9.
  • the part 9 opening and closing the switching contacts is coupled to the part 6 for closing the contacts 12 in the direction of arrow 11 against the force of the springs 32, while for opening the contacts against the direction of arrow 11 upon actuation of the rotary handle, a coupling Printing takes place.
  • a rotary handle 2 is rotatably mounted on a housing 1 and is coupled to a rotatable part 34 via the interposition of a rotatable part 33.
  • the part 34 is formed in the region of its end face or abutment surface 35 from the magnetic flux-conducting material, as is the end or. Stop surface 36 of a rotatable part 37.
  • the parts 34 and 37 have recesses in their interior for receiving a coil 10.
  • a spiral spring is indicated by 38, by means of which the part 37 opening and closing the switching contacts is loaded out of the driving position for the closed position shown in FIG. 7.
  • the part 37 is coupled to a cam 55 via a plug-in profile and this actuates the plungers 39 via the plunger 39, which are supported by springs 41, the cam making a rotating movement, the plunger 39 and switching bridges 40 performing a linear movement.
  • the part 37 has a stop 42 which holds a plunger interacting with an auxiliary contact 43 in the closed position.
  • the Tappet 44 is in turn acted upon by a spring 45 and is moved by a toothed rack 46, which is loaded by the force of a spring 47, as will be described in more detail below.
  • the stop surfaces 35 which are connected to the part 34, are rotated in the direction of the arrow 48. If the coil 10 has been energized by closing the auxiliary contact 43 at the start of the rotary movement of the rotary handle 2, this takes place due to the induced magnetic flux when the stop surfaces 35 move in the direction of arrow 48, the stop surfaces 36 of the part 37 that opens and closes the switch contacts.
  • the part 37 that opens and closes the switch contacts is also in this embodiment, counter to the force of the spiral spring 38 loaded when the contacts close on train, while a load by pressing the stop surfaces 35 on the surfaces 36 against the direction of arrow 48 is effective when switching off.
  • the plunger 44 is actuated to close the auxiliary contact during the rotary movement of the rotary handle 2 in a manner similar to that in the first exemplary embodiment of the switch according to the invention (FIG. 9).
  • a toothing 49, 50 moves the toothed rack 46 in the direction of arrow 51 against the force of the spring 47.
  • a pin 52 arranged on the tappet 44 is in turn guided in a slide path of the toothed rack, which is similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the rack 46 and the plunger 44 in turn have pawls 53 and 54, which come into engagement with one another when the switch contacts are closed and relieve the spring force.
  • the part that opens and closes the switching contacts is loaded in both embodiments by a spring from the driving position for the closing movement, the coupling between the stopper respectively formed from the magnetic flux-conducting material is separated when triggered by the electromagnet. End faces, which opens the switch contacts.
  • the switch according to the invention can only be switched on when the electromagnet can be energized by closing the auxiliary contacts and thus a non-positive coupling between the actuator and the part that opens and closes the switching contacts is made possible. After an electromagnetic release, the switch is automatically brought into its off position and the windings of the electromagnet cannot be unintentionally re-energized in this off position.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Switches With Compound Operations (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Rotary Switch, Piano Key Switch, And Lever Switch (AREA)
  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)
  • Switch Cases, Indication, And Locking (AREA)
  • Switches That Are Operated By Magnetic Or Electric Fields (AREA)
  • Magnetic Treatment Devices (AREA)
  • Measurement And Recording Of Electrical Phenomena And Electrical Characteristics Of The Living Body (AREA)
  • Adornments (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
  • Switches Operated By Changes In Physical Conditions (AREA)
  • Tumbler Switches (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
EP88890138A 1987-06-09 1988-06-06 Interrupteur manuel à déclencheur électromagnétique Expired - Lifetime EP0295236B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT145587 1987-06-09
AT1455/87 1987-06-09

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0295236A2 true EP0295236A2 (fr) 1988-12-14
EP0295236A3 EP0295236A3 (en) 1990-05-23
EP0295236B1 EP0295236B1 (fr) 1994-01-19

Family

ID=3514276

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88890138A Expired - Lifetime EP0295236B1 (fr) 1987-06-09 1988-06-06 Interrupteur manuel à déclencheur électromagnétique

Country Status (15)

Country Link
US (1) US4901046A (fr)
EP (1) EP0295236B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH0644442B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE100630T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU604913B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR8802795A (fr)
CA (1) CA1330355C (fr)
DE (1) DE3887209D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK167786B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2050168T3 (fr)
FI (1) FI90807C (fr)
NO (1) NO173411C (fr)
NZ (1) NZ224935A (fr)
YU (1) YU47414B (fr)
ZA (1) ZA884132B (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101217080B (zh) * 2007-12-30 2012-09-26 人民电器集团有限公司 框架式断路器的复位机构

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2750791B1 (fr) * 1996-07-02 1998-10-09 Schneider Electric Sa Interrupteur de securite verrouillable par electroaimant
DE19754072C1 (de) 1997-12-05 1999-07-22 Siemens Ag Schaltgeräteeinheit aus einem Schaltgerät und angekoppeltem voreilendem Hilfsschalter
FR2806523B1 (fr) * 2000-03-17 2002-06-14 Ge Power Controls France Commande electrique de disjoncteur
JP4739551B2 (ja) * 2001-03-01 2011-08-03 株式会社東海理化電機製作所 シフト装置
FR2898212B1 (fr) * 2006-03-03 2008-05-16 Socomec Sa Sa Module de commande automatise pour appareil de coupure electrique et appareil de coupure electrique equipe d'un tel module de commande

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2591336A (en) * 1948-03-05 1952-04-01 Cons Vultee Aircraft Corp Magnetic and manually operated electric switch
GB642570A (en) * 1948-06-12 1950-09-06 Rotax Ltd Improvements relating to electric push-pull switches
US3036174A (en) * 1959-08-31 1962-05-22 Bendix Corp Manually operable rotary switch with electromagnetic on-off action and return action upon failure of energizing circuit
DE1114909B (de) * 1960-03-28 1961-10-12 Stotz Kontakt Gmbh Installationsselbstschalter mit einer mechanischen und einer elektrischen Baueinheit, insbesondere in Schraubstoepselform
FR2517114A1 (fr) * 1981-11-26 1983-05-27 Alsthom Cgee Commutateur electrique a commande rotative rappele automatiquement en l'absence de tension
AT374041B (de) * 1982-03-25 1984-03-12 Naimer H L Stern-dreieck-schalter mit nullspannungsausloesung
AT380973B (de) * 1984-12-17 1986-08-11 Naimer H L Rueckstelleinrichtung
DE3579597D1 (de) * 1985-10-24 1990-10-11 Square D Deutschland Schaltgeraet.
DE3537857A1 (de) * 1985-10-24 1987-05-07 Hell Rudolf Dr Ing Gmbh Optoelektronischer abtastkopf

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101217080B (zh) * 2007-12-30 2012-09-26 人民电器集团有限公司 框架式断路器的复位机构

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK167786B1 (da) 1993-12-13
DK310688A (da) 1988-12-10
JPH0644442B2 (ja) 1994-06-08
US4901046A (en) 1990-02-13
FI882718A7 (fi) 1988-12-10
ES2050168T3 (es) 1994-05-16
AU604913B2 (en) 1991-01-03
NO173411B (no) 1993-08-30
DK310688D0 (da) 1988-06-08
FI882718A0 (fi) 1988-06-08
ZA884132B (en) 1989-02-22
NO882507D0 (no) 1988-06-07
FI90807C (fi) 1994-03-25
BR8802795A (pt) 1989-01-03
ATE100630T1 (de) 1994-02-15
NO173411C (no) 1993-12-08
DE3887209D1 (de) 1994-03-03
JPS643935A (en) 1989-01-09
EP0295236B1 (fr) 1994-01-19
CA1330355C (fr) 1994-06-21
NO882507L (no) 1988-12-12
FI90807B (fi) 1993-12-15
EP0295236A3 (en) 1990-05-23
YU47414B (sh) 1995-03-27
YU107988A (en) 1991-02-28
AU1747488A (en) 1988-12-15
NZ224935A (en) 1990-09-26

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