Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
  • C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
  • C11D3/1246—Silicates, e.g. diatomaceous earth
  • C11D3/128—Aluminium silicates, e.g. zeolites
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/28—Sulfonation products derived from fatty acids or their derivatives, e.g. esters, amides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
  • C11D3/06—Phosphates, including polyphosphates

Definitions

• the invention relates to a further development of textile washing and cleaning agents which contain detergent surfactants in a mixture with builder substances for their use in washing or cleaning textiles in an aqueous liquor.
• the invention is based in particular on the object of further improving the environmental compatibility of the active substance mixtures required for textile washing and cleaning.
• anionic and nonionic surfactants are used, with the world's most outstanding representative of the anionic surfactants being alkylbenzenesulfonate (ABS or LAS).
• ABS or LAS alkylbenzenesulfonate
• nonionic surfactants in such textile detergent mixtures are fatty alcohol polyethoxylates with a generally limited chain length of the polyglycol radical.
• Surfactant mixtures of this type are notable for high wetting ability in aqueous alkaline wash liquors in the presence of the builder systems. To date, they appear - in conjunction with their economically justifiable accessibility - as difficult-to-replace components of high-quality detergents and cleaning agents, especially for textile laundry.
• the invention is based on the object of further facilitating the disposal of used washing and cleaning solutions in that wash-active surfactant systems are to be used which are distinguished by an optimal environmental compatibility and in particular by optimal values for acute aquatic toxicity, so that in this way undesirable side effects in the destruction of used washing and cleaning liquors are suppressed as far as possible.
• the invention wants the high cleaning power of today's branded detergents in the field of textiles receive laundry as far as possible. In the testing of the detergent, this means that the high standard of the primary washing power of today's branded detergents is to be achieved or almost to be achieved, even if the highly wetting and highly washing-active surfactants or surfactant systems which have been customary to this day are completely or at least partially dispensed with.
• the teaching of the invention is based on the finding that the di-salts of alpha-sulfonated fatty acids of natural and / or synthetic origin, in particular the chain length range of C10 ⁇ 22, preferably the C number range of C14 ⁇ 18 and very particularly the corresponding sodium -Disalts of the tallow fatty acid range (C 16/18 ) are characterized by optimal properties in their ecological assessment.
• ABS or LAS shows an LC value of 3.2 to 4.9 mg / l when determining the acute aquatic toxicity on fish (gold thrown, 48 h). The corresponding value of daphnia (24 hours) is 8.9 to 14 mg / l.
• Comparable LC50 values for alcohol ethoxylates are in the range of 1 to 50 mg / l for fish and in the range of 2 to 200 mg / l for daphnia.
• sodium disalts of alpha-sulfofatty acids - hereinafter referred to simply as "sodium disalts" for the sake of simplicity - shows however, its considerable weakness as a detersive surfactant, determined as the primary detergency on standard soiled test fabrics in conventional detergent mixtures. Although it has always been known that sodium disalts of the type in question can have a certain washing power, they have been regarded as unusable for practical use as a surfactant component or even as a main surfactant component.
• DE-ASen 21 44 592 and 21 61 726 describe textile detergents which, in addition to the usual washing-active nonionic and / or anionic surfactant components, contain alkali metal salts of alpha-sulfonated saturated fatty acids with 14 to 20 carbon atoms. These sodium disalts are said to either serve alone as builders for the surfactant components used or else to be used together with conventional builder combinations, in particular based on calcium ion-binding and / or precipitating builders salts.
• a further modification of this application of the sodium disalts as builder components is described in the European patents 00 70 190 and 00 70 191 (in each case B1).
• JA-OS 60-18592 describes a bleaching detergent mixture which is characterized by the content of (A) 1-15% by weight of an alkali metal salt of sulfofatty acids of the type concerned here and (B) 3-15% by weight Sodium percarbonate.
• A 1-15% by weight of an alkali metal salt of sulfofatty acids of the type concerned here
• B 3-15% by weight Sodium percarbonate.
• ABS is the most suitable surface-active surfactant or LAS called.
• JA-OS 58-125849 describes a textile detergent with a finishing effect which, in addition to 5-30% by weight of an anionic surface-active agent (A), contains 0.1-10% by weight of a quaternary ammonium compound (B).
• Alkaline or alkaline earth metal salts of alpha-sulfofatty acids and / or corresponding esters of alpha-sulfofatty acid should predominantly be used as surfactant component A.
• the invention is based on the surprising finding that it is necessary to comply with a plurality of parameters in the composition of the detergent concentrates on the one hand and the target dosage of detergent compositions according to the invention in the wash liquor on the other hand in order to achieve the desired goal of high primary washing power with surfactants based on sodium disalts of the kind described.
• the most general embodiment of the invention relates to the use of sodium sulfate, sodium zeolite and / or sodium tripolyphosphate (STP), if desired, together with further alkalizing sodium-alkaline builder components for textile detergents Strengthening the primary washing power of sodium disalts of alpha-sulfonated fatty acids of natural and / or synthetic origin, in particular the chain length range of C10 ⁇ 22, (sodium disalts) when used as a detergent surfactant component in solid and / or liquid detergents and cleaning agents for textiles ( Detergent concentrates), wherein the content of sodium sulfate, sodium zeolite and / or STP in the detergent concentrate is at least about 20% by weight and at the same time the content of sodium disalt is selected such that, when the detergent concentrates are used as intended, sodium disaline contents in the wash liquor of at least about 1 g / l, preferably at least about 1.5 g / l.
• STP sodium tripolyphosphate
• the sodium disalt content in the detergent concentrate is preferably selected so that when it is used as intended, sodium disalt contents of at least about 1.7 g / l and in particular at least about 2 g / l are formed in the wash liquor.
• sodium disalt contents in the wash liquor in the range of approximately 1.7-3.5 g / l and in particular ranges of approximately 2-3 g / l are particularly suitable for the development of a high primary washing power.
• the preferred sodium disalts for the use according to the invention are derived from saturated alpha-sulfofatty acids in the range C14 ⁇ 18 and in particular from the corresponding C16 ⁇ 18 acids or the corresponding acid mixtures.
• the content of the builder substances sodium sulfate, sodium zeolite and / or STP in the detergent concentrate to increase the primary washing power to at least about 25% by weight and in particular to at least about 30% by weight.
• appropriate proportions in the range of about 30-80% by weight are suitable and preferred Amounts up to about 70% by weight. All percentages by weight relate to the total weight of the detergent concentrate.
• the teaching according to the invention is based on the surprising finding that, in the case of textile detergents of the type concerned here, which contain sodium disalts as active surfactant component, high results of the primary washing power can be obtained if, on the one hand, comparatively high contents of the disalt surfactant component are used in the wash liquor and on the other hand, their effect is enhanced by the use of the specified mineral builder components.
• the primary washing power of detergents of the type concerned here increases in the usual range for surfactant contents of washing liquors under European conditions - surfactant amounts up to about 1.2 g / l or even up to about 1.5 g / l of the wash liquor - only very moderately with increasing amounts of surfactant, as long as sodium disalts of the type concerned are used as a detergent component. Even with increasing amounts of builder components, there is initially no substantial increase in the level of the primary washing power. The standard commercial laundry detergent appears unattainable. The situation changes abruptly when the limit of about 1.5 g / l active substance (AS) sodium disalt in the wash liquor is exceeded.
• AS active substance
• sodium sulfate it is possible to add 10-45% by weight sodium sulfate together with about 20-40% by weight, preferably about 20-30% by weight, of zeolite NaA and / or STP in the detergent concentrate.
• a suitable target dosage of the sodium disalts is used - high-quality washing results can be obtained as when using, for example, sodium sulfate or zeolite NaA as the mineral builder component.
• the content of sodium sulfate, sodium zeolite and / or STP in the detergent concentrate is preferably adjusted so that, when the detergent concentrate is used as intended, the contents of these components which enhance the primary washing power are at least about 2 g / l, in particular in the range of 2-8 g / l , are available.
• the range from about 2.5 to 6 g / l can be particularly suitable.
• the preferred content of sodium disalts in the detergent concentrates is in the range from about 15 to 40% by weight and in particular from 15 to about 30% by weight, with amounts in the range from about 17 to 25% by weight again being particularly suitable can.
• Detergent concentrates of this type are suitable for a nominal dosage in the formation of the aqueous detergent solution in the range of at least about 7.5 g / l of detergent liquor and in particular in the range of about 7.5-15 g / l.
• Typical dosages, in particular for solid detergents of the type described are in the range of about 10 g / l under European conditions, for example in the range of about 8-12 g / l.
• the detergent concentrates composed according to the invention and thus the aqueous wash liquors used can contain further detergent surfactants or detergent boosters.
• the amount of such detersive cosurfactants is approximately equal to or less than the amount of sodium disaline present in the detergent and in particular does not exceed the value of about 80% by weight, preferably about 60% by weight, of the sodium disaline amount or not essential.
• the amount of detergent cosurfactants makes up no more than about 50% by weight of the amount of sodium disalt used, with substantially smaller amounts, e.g. not more than 35% by weight and in particular not more than 20% by weight may be particularly suitable.
• cosurfactants are determined on the one hand by their possible effect on the desired washing and cleaning result, in particular in the direction of further increased primary washing results.
• an additional parameter is of particular importance. This is the ecological compatibility of this cosurfactant, particularly taking into account the overall composition of the detergent mixtures according to the invention.
• cosurfactants with the lowest possible toxicity - for example determined on the aforementioned aquatic toxicity model - will be preferred.
• optimization in the sense of the task according to the invention can now be achieved to also ensure high environmental compatibility from a surfactant point of view.
• Suitable cosurfactants are, for example, fatty alcohol sulfates and / or alkyl glucosides, but also selected detergency boosters, for example fatty acid alkanolamides.
• fatty acid soaps especially sodium soaps from natural and / or synthetic fatty acids in the C number range of C10 ⁇ 22, in particular C12 ⁇ 18 and particularly preferably C 16/18 are important cosurfactants for the sodium disalts in the sense of the teaching according to the invention.
• the sodium disalts on the one hand and the soaps used as cosurfactants on the other hand can be derived from the same natural and / or synthetic fatty acids or fatty acid mixtures. It is clear that considerable relief is obtained here, in particular for the production of corresponding surfactant mixtures, by selective partial sulfonation of a starting material containing carboxylic acids or carboxylic acid derivatives.
• the detergent surfactants based on ABS or LAS which are widely used today, are not used.
• the detergent concentrates in the detergent concentrates according to the invention can be increased by using additional conventional builder components.
• Sodium-alkaline builder components such as water glass and / or soda are particularly suitable here.
• Water glass, ie soluble sodium silicate can be used, for example, in amounts of up to about 15% by weight; suitable amounts for the addition of soda are, for example, in the range from 5 to 35% by weight.
• Calcium complex-binding compounds such as EDTA, NTA and / or polycarboxylates, which are known from conventional detergent technology, are also suitable.
• Other common additives in detergent mixtures are polymer components to improve dirt-carrying capacity, for example based on carboxymethyl cellulose, as well as enzymes, fragrances and dyes and other customary auxiliaries in detergents. All of these additional auxiliaries are usually only present in small amounts, the total of which is not more than about 35% by weight, preferably not more than about 10-20% by weight of the Make up detergent concentrate. All these percentages by weight relate to the detergent
• TAED tetraacetylethylenediamine
• TAGU tetraacetylglycoluril
• Preferred amounts for soluble sodium silicate as an additional reinforcing builder component in the detergent concentrate are, for example, about 5-10% by weight.
• Soda and / or hydrogen carbonate can be provided, for example, in amounts of about 5 to 25% by weight, if the use of these components is desired.
• the action according to the invention also provides for the use of swellable, finely divided sheet silicates, in particular from the class of natural and / or synthetic crystalline smectites with a strongly swellable layer structure.
• swellable, finely divided sheet silicates in particular from the class of natural and / or synthetic crystalline smectites with a strongly swellable layer structure.
• Mica-like layered silicates with a three-layer structure from the smectite group, such as montmorillonite, hectorite, saponite, beidellite and comparable compounds, are particularly suitable.
• Bentonite is a suitable natural feed material, which is known to contain the majority of layered silicate of the montmorillonite structure.
• Corresponding smectite clays are among the various trade names available on the market. Examples are the materials which are sold under the trade names “Laponite RD”, “Dis-Thix-Extra”, “Thixogel”, “Softclark” or under other known trade names.
• the amount of this swellable layered silicate with a swaying action in the detergent concentrates according to the invention is in the range from about 3 to 25% by weight, preferably in the range from about 3 to 15% by weight and in particular within the range from about 5 to 10% by weight .
• these additives also have a certain builder effect with regard to the primary washing power.
• the additional advantage of a wash bath finish can be used, as described in detail in the earlier application mentioned P 36 04 039.8 (D 7537).
• the detergent concentrates of the invention may be liquid detergents or solid materials.
• Solid multi-component detergent mixtures are the generally preferred embodiment. Powdery and / or granular materials can be of particular importance.
• Comparative washing tests are carried out on a standard test fabric based on polyester / cotton (refined) soiled with dust / skin fat - hereinafter referred to as H-SH-PBV.
• the washing conditions used are as follows:
• Launderometer wash 60 ° C; Washing and rinsing with Benrather city water, water hardness 16 ° dH; Liquor ratio 1: 30; 10 steel balls; Wash for 30 minutes; Rinse 4 x 30 sec.
• the sodium disalt of alpha-sulfo-C 16/18 tallow fatty acid is used as the surfactant detergent in the absence of further components in increasing doses of 0 to 3.0 g of active substance disalt / l of wash liquor.
• Wash liquors containing the sodium disalpha of the alpha-sulfo-C 16/18 fatty acid as a wash-active surfactant show no or practically no brightening on the soiled standard test fabric up to AS contents of the surfactant in the wash liquor in the range from 1 to 1.5 g / l. Hence, the desired washing effect sets in as the surfactant AS content in the washing liquor increases further.
• Characteristic of all series of investigations is the sudden increase in primary washing power from an originally very low level to a comparatively high level, which is definitely in the range of commercially available detergents, provided the threshold value in the concentration of sodium disaline in the washing liquor is reached or exceeded.
• soiled standard test fabric based on H-SH-PBV is washed with a detergent liquor which, in medium-hard water (16 ° dH), 2.0 g / l of the sodium disalphane of alpha-sulfo-C 16 / 18 fatty acid as the sole surfactant and additionally 8.0 g / l sodium sulfate as a detergency builder.
• the reflectance value determined on the washed and dried test fabric is 73.9.
• the washing result is fully within the range that is set under comparable washing conditions in launderometer washing with standard brand detergents.
• a series of washing tests is carried out under the following conditions to test the washability depending on the disaline and sodium sulfate content: Launderometer wash, 60 ° C, water hardness 16 ° dH, liquor ratio 1: 30, 10 steel balls, wash for 30 minutes, rinse 4 x 30 sec. H-SH-PBV is used again as the soiled standard test fabric.
• the dosage of the detergent is in all experiments 7.5 g / l.
• the detergents are on the one hand with a gradually increased disalt content in the steps of 10 percent by weight, 20 percent by weight, 30 percent by weight and 40 percent by weight of disalt and on the other hand within these steps with increasing amounts of sodium sulfate from 0 to 60 percent by weight - and as far as necessary to the rest water - compiled.
• the data compilation in Table 3 shows the value on the one hand of the increase in the disalt content in the wash liquor and on the other hand the increase in the content of sodium sulfate builder in wash liquors of the same disalt content with regard to the desired strengthening of the primary washing power.
• the increase in the disaline content by 0.75 g AS / l leads to greater leaps in the strengthening of the washing power than the corresponding increase in the washing liquor by comparable amounts of sodium sulfate.
• this compilation again shows the regularities of the sudden increase in primary washing power, starting with the limit value of 1.5 g disalt / l washing liquor and the possibility of setting reflectance values, as can be obtained with commercially available detergent formulations.
• Example 2 A test series according to Example 2 is repeated under the same working conditions, but now in the detergent mixture, instead of sodium sulfate, crystalline zeolite NaA in detergent quality is used.
• the reflectance values of the washed and dried textile samples - starting from standard soiled H-SH-PBV - are summarized in Table 4 below.
• Table 4 (Remission values) % Disalt % Zeolite NaA 0 10th 20th 30th 40 50 60 10th 29.3 31.3 32.3 33.3 36.3 37.2 40.2 20th 40.4 41.8 45.6 46.1 47.2 49.9 50.7 30th 51.1 55.1 55.9 57.4 59.3 59.9 60.3 40 60.8 62.3 64.1 64.1 64.7 65.3 66.1

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)

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• 1987
  • 1987-08-07 DE DE19873726327 patent/DE3726327A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1988
  • 1988-07-29 EP EP88112292A patent/EP0302403A3/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 1988-08-06 KR KR1019880010054A patent/KR890003938A/ko not_active Withdrawn
  • 1988-08-08 JP JP63197805A patent/JPH01182398A/ja active Pending

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