EP0321402B1 - Procédé de commande ou du réglage de l'encrage d'une presse à imprimer - Google Patents

Procédé de commande ou du réglage de l'encrage d'une presse à imprimer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0321402B1
EP0321402B1 EP88810844A EP88810844A EP0321402B1 EP 0321402 B1 EP0321402 B1 EP 0321402B1 EP 88810844 A EP88810844 A EP 88810844A EP 88810844 A EP88810844 A EP 88810844A EP 0321402 B1 EP0321402 B1 EP 0321402B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
colour
location
color
correction
space
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP88810844A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0321402A1 (fr
Inventor
Hans Ott
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Gretag AG
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Gretag AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
    • B41F33/0036—Devices for scanning or checking the printed matter for quality control
    • B41F33/0045—Devices for scanning or checking the printed matter for quality control for automatically regulating the ink supply
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO PRINTING, LINING MACHINES, TYPEWRITERS, AND TO STAMPS
    • B41P2233/00—Arrangements for the operation of printing presses
    • B41P2233/50—Marks on printed material
    • B41P2233/51—Marks on printed material for colour quality control

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for color control or color regulation of a printing press according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • EP-A 228347 discloses a method of the type mentioned in the introduction in which a large number are used to optimally match the color impression be evaluated by reference fields in order to compare the color location of the respectively scanned reference field with a color location specified for this reference field and to determine a layer thickness change control vector from the color distance between the actual color location and the target color location, which adjusts the ink guide elements of the printing machine in such a way that a the smallest possible color deviation is achieved.
  • EP-A 124908 describes a device and a method for determining the required raster area coverage of color separations, which can be displayed in percent, in order to reproduce the color of a given template pattern to be reproduced as accurately as possible.
  • the known device has a measuring head which contains, for example, filters for the colors red, green and blue and allows color information, in particular color densities, of the respective scanned documents to be measured using these filters.
  • the measuring head is connected to a data processing device, which has a keyboard used in the scanning of predetermined reference patterns for entering raster area coverage in percent.
  • the data processing device furthermore has a display device for displaying raster area coverages calculated on the basis of the scanning of a template pattern.
  • a conversion table for converting color information into raster area coverage levels which is stored in a memory of the data processing device.
  • First a color sample card is printed.
  • the colors cyan, magenta, yellow and black are used to print the color sample card, grid area covers between 0% and 100% being used in increments of 10% for all colors. This results in 14,641 combinations for the grid area coverings and the associated color information, for example recorded as color densities.
  • the combination of the screen area covers used is entered via the keyboard and assigned to the color densities detected by the measuring head.
  • the device When the conversion table has been created, the device allows a template sample to be reprinted to be scanned using the measuring head and, by comparing the color densities recorded using the various filters with the color densities stored in the conversion table, the row in the conversion table whose color density values match those with be determined measured color densities of the original pattern match or best match. If this line is found in the conversion table, the assigned screen coverage levels for, for example, three or four color separations are displayed on the display device or forwarded to an external device.
  • the conversion table is relatively rough and inaccurate. For this reason, according to an improved method, additional intermediate values for the color information and the associated raster area covers are determined by interpolation of the values in the conversion table.
  • the interpolation can be carried out in such a way that increments of 1% are provided, which results in a more precise reproduction of the template pattern to be reprinted.
  • the color differences between the color information of the template pattern and the color information in the conversion table are calculated in the data processing device.
  • the known method can also be designed in such a way that before the output of values for the raster area coverage, a query is made as to whether values of 0% or 100% are present. By extrapolating the screen coverage levels and the color densities, an extended color space for screen coverage between - 10% and 110% is determined due to the color density changes in the range between 0 and 10 or 90 and 100%. In this way, the known method allows an indication of the non-reproducibility of a template pattern.
  • the object of the invention is to create a method which allows the highest possible print quality to be achieved even if the specified target color location lies outside the correction range limited by the specified boundary conditions.
  • an optimal position in the color coordinate space can be controlled for the actual color location.
  • the color location that is defined by the intersection of the color distance vector between the actual color location and the target color location with the surface of the color correction body is selected as the achievable target color location. More advantageous it is, however, to select the color location on the surface of the correction color space that has the smallest distance from the specified target color location as the achievable target color location.
  • the achievable target color location with the smallest distance from the predetermined target color location can be found in that a plumb line is reached from the predetermined target color location to the surface of the correction color space by the predetermined target color location. If no solution for this is possible, a solder is erected on the nearest side edge instead of a solder on the surface. If no solution is possible for this either, the closest corner of the color correction space is the closest point.
  • the attainable target color location is calculated by selecting the intersection point closest to the predetermined target color location of a parallel to the brightness coordinate axis through the predetermined target color location with the surface of the correction color space as the attainable target color location.
  • FIG. 1 shows a closed control system of a printing system, which has an electronic device for processing measured values 10 in order to generate control data 11 with which a control console 20 is acted upon, which generates control signals 21 for the ink guide elements of a printing press 30 from the control data 11 which, for example is a multi-color offset press. (Only the colors cyan, magenta and yellow are relevant for the following).
  • the control loop of the printing system serves to keep the color deviations on the printed sheets 40 printed by the printing press 30 as small as possible compared to predetermined target colors.
  • the detection of the colors on the printed sheet 40 is carried out by measuring color measurement fields 41 with printed color measurement strips which are preferably colorimetrically and / or densitometrically automatically and continuously optically scanned with the aid of a measuring head 42.
  • the color measuring device provides densitometric measured values of the single-color full-tone measuring fields and colorimetric measuring values of the single-color or multi-colored measuring fields, from which a computer in the measured value processing 10 with the aid of predefined density limit values from the measured full-tone densities determined the correction color space around the actual color location I measured on the multicolor measuring field in the L * a * b * color space (CIE 1976).
  • L * a * b * color space which represents a color system with equally spaced sensations, with the same deviations in the three coordinates (delta L *, delta a * or delta b *) can be recognized equally well.
  • these deviations are not equivalent for the print quality assessment, since deviations in brightness (in the direction of the L * coordinate) have a less disturbing effect than deviations of the same size in the coordinates a * and b * assigned to the color.
  • the measured value processing 10 If it is determined in the measured value processing 10 that the actual color location of the area scanned by the color measuring device 42, in particular a color measuring field 41, on the printing sheet 40 does not correspond to the desired target color location S, which is caused, for example, by scanning a printing sheet which is found to be good or by direct data input is defined, the measured value processing 10 generates control data 11, which are entered via the control console 20 and cause the actuating signals 21 for the ink guiding elements of the printing press 30 in order to readjust the layer thicknesses of the printing inks on the printing sheet 40 and thus the solid densities so that when When the next printing sheet 40 is measured, the actual color locus I and the target color locus S collapse or at least approximate.
  • the color distance vectors are multiplied by the computer by a sensitivity matrix by the layer thickness change control vector or to calculate the density change vector which must be taken into account the next time a print sheet 40 is printed in order to achieve the desired color locus shift.
  • the sensitivity matrix with which the density differences for the color locus shift between the target color locus S and the actual color locus I are calculated, can be determined empirically and using a test series.
  • FIG. 2 shows the L * a * b * color space with the color vector i for the actual color location I of an area scanned on the printing sheet 40, in particular a color measuring area 41, which has a gray field or another one that is particularly adapted to the image content on the printing sheet 40 Grid or solid field can be to perform an optimal correction of the color and brightness components at the same time.
  • the maximum permissible density differences delta D ymax and delta D ymin are shown in FIG. 2.
  • the maximum permissible density differences result from the differences between the actual density D actual and the permissible limit densities D max and D min for the printing inks involved in each case.
  • the limit values for the solid ink density result, for example, from the requirements for a sufficient relative pressure contrast.
  • the correction vectors c, m and y span the correction color space 50 around the current actual color location I. Although they are usually not at right angles to one another, this is shown in FIG. 2 for the sake of simplicity. It is also assumed that within a sufficiently small correction color space around the actual color location there is a linear approximation of the relationships between the color location coordinates and the densities.
  • target color locations S 1 to S6 are shown in FIG. 2 to illustrate the control strategy according to the invention, each of which represents a special case and of course only one of each of the predetermined target color location S is instead of the actual color locus I should have been reached when printing the printed sheet 40.
  • the target color location S 1 whose color distance from the actual color location I is illustrated by the color distance vector 51, lies within the correction color space 50, which represents a control body.
  • the correction color space 50 which represents a control body.
  • Control strategies are explained below for those cases in which a target color location S cannot be achieved as a result of predetermined color density limits or other restrictions.
  • a replacement target color location i.e. achievable target color location S 'or S ⁇ can be controlled, which is characterized by a least disturbing color difference for the viewer.
  • the target color location S lies outside the correction color space 50, it is possible to select the penetration point of the color distance vector through the affected side surface or boundary surface of the correction color space 50 as the achievable target color location S ⁇ .
  • Fig. 2 it is shown how in this way at a target color location S2 an achievable target color location S ⁇ 2nd is obtained.
  • the attainable target color locus S ⁇ 2nd lies on the intersection of the color distance vector 52 with the side surface 60 of the correction color space 50.
  • the strategy of choosing the point of penetration of the color distance vector between the actual color location and the target color location has the advantage of a simple calculation and is an approximation.
  • the recognizable in Fig. 2 distance between the target color location S2 and the achievable target color location S ⁇ 2nd represents the uncorrected or uncorrectable color difference of the. Since the target color location S2 lies in a spatial area, for the spatial points of which there is a solder on the side surface 60, there is a smaller, non-correctable color difference corresponding to the length of the solder 62 on the side surface 60 when the target color location S that can be achieved ′ 2nd the base point of the solder 62 on the side surface 60 is selected. In Fig. 2, the right angle and the plane 61 are shown, in which the solder 62 and the target color location S2 and the achievable target color location S ′ 2nd lie.
  • the color distance vector between the actual color location I and the achievable target color location S is ′ 2nd not shown. If with the help of the computer by analytically determining the minimum distance from the correction color space 50, the achievable target color location S ′ 2nd has been determined, the necessary density difference vector is calculated for this with the aid of the sensitivity matrix A.
  • the smallest distance between the target color location S2 and the closest boundary surface of the correction color space 50, i.e. of the side surface 60 was determined in the exemplary embodiment discussed by determining the base point of a solder 62. Depending on the position of the target color location, however, it is not possible to plumb one of the boundary surfaces of the correction color space 50. In such cases, the point with the smallest distance from the target color location S is determined in a different way.
  • the target color locus shifts so far that it comes to lie outside the spatial area, for that Points each have a solder on the adjacent side surface 60, as is the case, for example, for the target color location S 3, so that an achievable target color location S is determined ′ 3rd by determining the solder 73 on the adjacent edge 70 of the correction color space 50 and as the achievable target color location S ′ 3rd the intersection of the solder 73 with the edge 70 of the correction color space 70 is selected.
  • the target color locus S4 in FIG. 2 lies at a point that does not allow the construction of a solder on a side surface or on an edge of the control body or correction color space 50. For this reason, for the achievable target color locus S ′ 4th the adjacent corner 80 of the correction color space 50 is selected, since this point has the smallest distance of all points on the surface of the correction color space 50 from the desired color location S4. The distance between the target color location S that can be achieved in this way ′ 4th
  • the actual target color location S4 is illustrated in FIG. 2 by the connecting line 84, with a cuboid 85 being drawn in to illustrate the spatial position of the target color location S4, the diagonal of which is formed by the connecting line 84.
  • color component errors can be weighted and corrected more than the brightness errors.
  • the color component errors can be completely corrected, which is illustrated by the target color location S5 in FIG. 2.
  • the attainable target color location S assigned to the target color location S5 ′ 5 is obtained in such a way that a parallel to the L * axis is constructed by S5, which intersects the top surface 90 of the correction color space 50 which points essentially upward in the direction of the L * axis and thereby the achievable target color location S ′ 5 Are defined.
  • the attainable target color locus S ′ 5 is shifted relative to the (not shown) penetration point of a solder from the target color location S5 on the top surface 90 in such a way that the color coordinates a * and b * of the target color location S ′ 5 agree with those of the target color locus S5, it being accepted that an additional deviation in the brightness coordinate L * occurs compared to the choice of the piercing point of the solder.
  • the color distance vector 95 between the target color location S5 and the achievable target color location S. ′ 5 is longer than the solder of S5 on top surface 90, but its components for a * and b * are zero.
  • the control strategy according to the invention thus proposes to preferably try to reach the correction color space 50 starting from a target color location by determining an achievable target color location by shifting the actual target color location parallel to the L * axis.
  • the closest corner 97 of the correction color space 50 is selected as the achievable target color location, but rather the point S, by negotiating a larger brightness error against lower color component errors ′ 6 on the surface of the correction color space 50, which lies on a plane which extends parallel to the a * and b * coordinates at a distance from the target color location S6, which is defined by the largest permitted brightness error, and which is the smallest distance from the Parallels to the L * axis through the target color locus S6.
  • the intersection of this plane with the parallel to the L * axis is provided in FIG. 2 with the reference symbol 98.
  • the determination of the achievable target color locus S ′ 6 can also be done in such a way that, starting from the intersection 98, the base point of the solder on the edge 99 is determined in accordance with the strategy applied at the target color location S3.
  • the person skilled in the art will recognize from the above statements that the linear compression of the L * axis is not only possible separately, but also in combination with the constructions discussed using the target color locations S2, S3 and S4.
  • the calculations required for this are carried out by the computer of the measured value processing of the printing system. Which strategy is chosen depends on the one hand on the relative position of the target color locus S to the correction color space 50 and on the other hand on the type of measuring field and the objectives. It is useful if the operator of the printing system can specify the strategy to be selected in several ways.
  • the achievable target color location on the surface of the correction color space 50 is determined, this is selected for the control on the minimum color distance, the density difference vector being obtained according to the following equation:
  • ⁇ D c , ⁇ D m and ⁇ D y are the components of the solid tone change vector.
  • the components of the color distance vector between the actual color location and the achievable target color location are designated by ⁇ L, ⁇ a and ⁇ b.
  • the matrix containing the partial derivatives of the solid color densities according to the components of the color space is the sensitivity matrix A already mentioned.
  • the control strategies discussed can also be used for measuring fields in which fewer than three printing inks are printed.
  • the correction color space is reduced to a parallelogram and for a single-color field to a distance in Color space.
  • the control strategies and calculations described above are applied analogously in such cases. All that needs to be done is to set the correction vectors of the non-existent colors to zero.
  • the target color locations are practically always outside of the area or section-shaped correction area. For this reason, the strategies discussed above for finding an achievable target color location are a prerequisite for optimal color control.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Facsimile Image Signal Circuits (AREA)
  • Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)
  • Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)

Claims (11)

1. Procédé de commande ou de réglage de l'encrage d'une presse à imprimer comportant un système de mesure colorimétrique, étant précisé que, par voie optique, on saisit, sur la feuille imprimée par la presse à imprimer, des zones de mesure pour déterminer, dans un système de coordonnées la position de la couleur dans l'espace chromatique d'une zone de mesure, et pour produire, par comparaison des coordonnées, à partir de l'écart chromatique entre la zone de mesure saisie et une position chromatique prescrite prédéterminée, une grandeur réglante pour régler les organes de conduite de la couleur de la presse à imprimer, de façon que, sur la feuille imprimée, à la suite, avec le nouveau réglage de conduite de la couleur, les écarts de couleur indésirables soient réduits au minimum, procédé caractérisé par le fait qu'à l'aide des densités limites prédéterminées et des densités mesurées des couleurs fondamentales, on détermine un volume chromatique correcteur autour de la position de la couleur dans l'espace chromatique, mesurée sur la zone de mesure, et par le fait que l'on remplace une position prescrite de la couleur, prédéterminée et située à l'extérieur du volume chromatique correcteur, par une position prescrite de la couleur que l'on peut atteindre, qui est située sur la surface limite du volume chromatique correcteur et qui présente, par rapport à la position prescrite prédéterminée de la couleur dans l'espace chromatique, un écart chromatique dont les composants essentiels pour la qualité de l'impression sont minimaux.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que, comme position prescrite de la couleur que l'on peut atteindre dans l'espace chromatique, on choisit la couleur, située sur la surface du volume chromatique correcteur, qui présente le plus petit écart chromatique par rapport à la position prescrite prédéterminée de la couleur dans l'espace chromatique.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que, depuis la position prescrite prédéterminée de la couleur dans l'espace chromatique, on abaisse une perpendiculaire sur la surface latérale, voisine, du volume chromatique correcteur et que l'on utilise le point d'intersection de cette perpendiculaire avec la surface latérale comme position prescrite de la couleur que l'on peut atteindre dans l'espace chromatique.
4. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que,depuis la position prescrite prédéterminée de la couleur dans l'espace chromatique, on abaisse une perpendiculaire sur l'arête, voisine, du volume chromatique correcteur et que l'on utilise le point d'intersection de cette perpendiculaire avec l'arête comme position prescrite de la couleur que l'on peut atteindre dans l'espace chromatique.
5. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que, comme position prescrite, que l'on peut atteindre, de la couleur dans l'espace chromatique, on utilise l'angle du volume chromatique correcteur voisin de la position prescrite prédéterminée de la couleur dans l'espace chromatique.
6. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que comme position prescrite, que l'on peut atteindre, de la couleur dans l'espace chromatique, on choisit le point d'intersection, situé le plus près de la position prescrite prédéterminée de la couleur, d'une parallèle à l'axe des coordonnées de la luminance, passant par la position prescrite prédéterminée de la couleur dans l'espace chromatique, avec la surface du volume chromatique correcteur.
7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait que, pour les points situés sur une parallèle à l'axe de coordonnées de la luminance passant par la position prescrite prédéterminée de la couleur dans l'espace chromatique et situés à l'intérieur d'un domaine prescrit d'erreur sur la luminance, présentant une luminance maximale et une luminance minimale, on détermine, comme position prescrite, que l'on peut atteindre, de la couleur dans l'espace chromatique les points situés au plus près sur la surface du volume chromatique correcteur.
8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé par le fait que l'on détermine le point, situé sur la surface du volume chromatique correcteur, le plus proche du point, situé sur la parallèle, qui correspond à la plus grande erreur sur la luminance apparaissant acceptable.
9. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que, comme position, que l'on peut atteindre, de la couleur dans l'espace chromatique, on choisit un point d'intersection du vecteur écart de couleur, entre la position réelle et la position prescrite prédéterminée dans l'espace chromatique, avec la surface du volume correcteur chromatique.
10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que le volume correcteur chromatique est dégénéré en une surface ou en une droite dans l'espace chromatique et par le fait que l'on détermine judicieusement la position prescrite, que l'on peut atteindre, de la couleur dans l'espace chromatique pour une impression bicolore ou une impression monocolore.
11. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que l'on pondère moins fortement l'erreur sur la luminance, au profit d'une plus petite erreur sur la proportion des couleurs, en comprimant L* selon L** = K · L*, K valant entre 0 et 1.
EP88810844A 1987-12-16 1988-12-07 Procédé de commande ou du réglage de l'encrage d'une presse à imprimer Expired - Lifetime EP0321402B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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CH4922/87 1987-12-16
CH492287 1987-12-16

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EP0321402A1 EP0321402A1 (fr) 1989-06-21
EP0321402B1 true EP0321402B1 (fr) 1991-10-16

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US (1) US4967379A (fr)
EP (1) EP0321402B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH01208136A (fr)
DE (1) DE3865653D1 (fr)

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JPH01208136A (ja) 1989-08-22
EP0321402A1 (fr) 1989-06-21
US4967379A (en) 1990-10-30

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