EP0332843A2 - Ausgleichs-Schaltkreis für elektrische Generatoren - Google Patents

Ausgleichs-Schaltkreis für elektrische Generatoren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0332843A2
EP0332843A2 EP89102144A EP89102144A EP0332843A2 EP 0332843 A2 EP0332843 A2 EP 0332843A2 EP 89102144 A EP89102144 A EP 89102144A EP 89102144 A EP89102144 A EP 89102144A EP 0332843 A2 EP0332843 A2 EP 0332843A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conductor
current
magnetic flux
compensating
flux path
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP89102144A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0332843A3 (de
Inventor
Leslie I. Szabo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ELECTRO ERG Ltd
Original Assignee
ELECTRO ERG Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ELECTRO ERG Ltd filed Critical ELECTRO ERG Ltd
Priority to NZ22814689A priority Critical patent/NZ228146A/xx
Priority to JP5305089A priority patent/JPH03164051A/ja
Priority to AU31069/89A priority patent/AU3106989A/en
Priority to IL89575A priority patent/IL89575A0/xx
Priority to KR1019890002948A priority patent/KR900013693A/ko
Priority to NO89891185A priority patent/NO891185L/no
Priority to CN 89101471 priority patent/CN1036671A/zh
Priority to DK130789A priority patent/DK130789A/da
Priority to PL27831789A priority patent/PL278317A1/xx
Priority to BR8901236A priority patent/BR8901236A/pt
Priority to FI891277A priority patent/FI891277A7/fi
Priority to HU127189A priority patent/HUT51803A/hu
Publication of EP0332843A2 publication Critical patent/EP0332843A2/de
Publication of EP0332843A3 publication Critical patent/EP0332843A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K17/00—Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction generators
    • H02K17/42—Asynchronous induction generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/40—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of reluctance of magnetic circuit of generator

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method and device for improving the efficiency of electricity generators.
  • a magnetic flux path passing through a stator and through a rotor.
  • a primary magnetic flux varies in the flux path, an electric voltage and, when the circuit is closed, an electric current is induced in a conductor that surrounds, or is coiled about, a portion of the flux path.
  • This conductor is usually referred to as an armature coil.
  • armature coil As the induced current varies in the armature coil, a second magnetic flux is induced in the magnetic flux path by the induced current.
  • the second magnet flux will be referred to as the "generated flux" or as the "secondary flux".
  • the generated flux distorts the primary magnetic flux when the induced current in the armature coil has as ohmic component.
  • the primary magnetic flux, at a pole face between the stator and rotor is symmetrical about the centre of the face.
  • the magnetic attraction between the rotor pole and the stator pole is symmetrical about the centre of the pole face.
  • the energy stored by moving the rotor pole face towards and into alignment with the stator pole face is the same as the energy expended in moving the rotor pole face out of alignment and away from the stator pole face. Therefore, other than frictional, windage and iron losses, the energy required to rotate the rotor is zero when only the primary magnetic flux is in the flux path or when the magnetic flux pattern or shape is made symmetrical across the face of the pole.
  • the primary magnetic flux is distorted by the generated flux induced in the armature coil
  • the magnetic flux is no longer symmetrical across the pole face between the stator and rotor.
  • the energy stored in moving the rotor pole face towards and into alignment with a stator pole face is no longer equal to the energy required to move the rotor pole face out of alignment and away from the stator pole face.
  • additional energy is required to rotate the rotor when current having an ohmic component is induced in the armature coil.
  • the power required to rotate the rotor when current is induced in the armature coil, as compared to the power input when there is no current induced in the armature coil, will be referred to as the "distorted power input requirement".
  • the distortion of the magnetic flux can be eliminated or at least reduced by using a compensating conductor or coil that surrounds, or is coiled about, a portion of the magnetic flux path.
  • a compensating electric current is passed through the compensating coil such that a magnetic flux, referred to as the compensating flux, is induced by the current in the compensating coil.
  • the compensating flux has a component that opposes the generated or secondary flux induced by the generated current in the armature coil.
  • the component of the compensating flux opposing the generated flux should equal the generated flux. If the opposing component of the compensating flux is less than the generated flux, the distortion of the magnetic flux will be reduced but not fully eliminated.
  • the power input requirement to the rotor is reduced to zero (excluding frictional, windage and iron losses), and there is complete or 100% compensation.
  • the power input requirement to the rotor is reduced to something greater than zero and there is partial compensation.
  • the power input required to rotate the rotor as compared to the power input when there is no current in either the armature coil or the compensating coil, will be referred to as the "compensated input power requirement".
  • the amount of reduction in the power input requirement as a result of compensation is the difference between the distorted input power require­ment and the compensated input power requirement.
  • the amount of reduction in the power input as a result of compensated is referred to as the "reduction in input power requirement”.
  • the amount of reduction is the same as the distorted input power requirement.
  • the amount of reduction may range from just over zero to just under the distorted input power requirement.
  • the ohmic or real power delivered to the compensating coil must be less than the reduced input power requirement caused by the compensating coil.
  • the real power delivered to the compensation coil is less than the amount by which the input power to the rotor is reduced from the distorted power input requirement when there is armature current but no compensation current to the situation where there is armature current and compensation current.
  • One way to achieve this goal is to supply to the compensating coil electric current that has a reactive component relative to the voltage across the compensation coil.
  • FIG. 1 illustrated a representative alternating-current, electricity generator which includes an embodiment of the compensation circuit of the present invention.
  • the generator 10 includes a magnetic flux path 12 through which magnetic flux may pass.
  • the flux path 12 comprises a rotor 14 and a stator 16, which are both made from a magnetic material such as iron.
  • a primary magnetic flux F p (boldface represents vectors) is created and caused to pass through the magnetic flux path 12 by means of any convenient source.
  • the primary flux F p is shown as being created by induction through an excitation coil 18 with an excitation power supply 20. It is possible that the primary flux F p could be created by a permanent magnet.
  • An armature coil 22 is coiled around, or otherwise surrounds, a portion of the flux path 12.
  • a voltage V a is generated across the armature coil 22.
  • the variation in the primary flux F p is caused by the rotation of the rotor 14.
  • the flux path 12 is completed when the rotor poles 14A, 14B, 14C or 14D are in alignment with the stator poles 16A, 16B.
  • the flux path 12 is broken when the rotor 14 and the rotor pole faces 14A to 14D are no longer in alignment with the stator poles 16A, 16B.
  • the secondary magnetic flux F s has a component opposite to the direction of the primary flux F p.
  • the pattern of the primary flux F p between the stator 16 and the rotor 14 at the pole faces, for example 16A and 14A in Figure 1 is symmetrical across the pole face.
  • the magnetic attraction between the rotor pole and the stator pole is symmetrical about the pole face.
  • the energy stored by moving the rotor pole, for example 14A, towards and into alignment with the stator pole face, for example 16A is the same as the energy expended in moving the rotor pole face 14A out of alignment and away from the stator pole face 16A. Therefore, other than frictional, windage and iron losses, the energy required to rotate the rotor 14 is zero when only the primary magnetic flux F p is in the flux path 12 or if the total magnetic flux in flux path 12 is made to be symmetrical about the pole face.
  • the secondary flux F s will cause a distortion of the magnetic flux passing through the pole faces. Accordingly, the magnetic flux is no longer symmetrical across the pole faces between the stator 16 and rotor 14.
  • the energy stored in moving the rotor pole face, for example 14A towards and into alignment with the stator pole face, for example 16A is no longer equal to the energy required to move the rotor pole face 14A out of alignment and away from the stator pole face 16A.
  • additional energy is required to rotate the rotor 14 when current I a having an ohmic component is induced in the armature coil 22.
  • the power P d required to rotate the rotor 14 when current I a is induced in the armature coil 22 (and when the invention is not used) will be referred to as the "distorted power input requirement".
  • a compensation coil 30 is shown in Figure 1.
  • the compensation coil 30 is coiled around, or otherwise surrounds, a portion of the magnetic flux path 12.
  • the compensation coil 30 is connected to a power source 32 and a compensation voltage V c is developed across compensation coil 30.
  • the power source 32 supplies the compensating current I c to the compensating coil 30.
  • the compensating current I c has a reactive component relative to the compensating voltage V c.
  • the component of the compensating flux F c which opposes the secondary flux F s should equal the secondary flux F s. If the opposing component of the compensating flux F c is less than the secondary flux F s, the distortion of the magnetic flux in the flux path 12 will be reduced but not fully eliminated.
  • a distorted input power requirement P d is required to rotate the rotor 14 of generator 10 when a prescribed current I p of armature current I a flows in the armature coil 22 and no compensating current I c flows in the compensating coil 30.
  • a compensated input power requirement P c is defined to be the input power requirement required to rotate the rotor 14 of the generator 10 when the prescribed current I p of armature current I a flows in the armature coil 22 and compensating current I c flows in the compensating coil 30.
  • the difference between the distorted input power requirement P d and the compensated input power requirement P c is referred to as the reduction in input power requirement P red.
  • P red P d - P c.
  • the real power P cc delivered to the compensating coil 30 should be less than the saving in input power requirement P red gained by using the compensating coil 30.
  • Real P cc ⁇ P red P d - P c.
  • the real component of the electric power P cc to the compensation coil 30 is as close to zero as possible.
  • the electrical generator 40 in Figure 3 includes a magnetic flux path 42 through which magnetic flux may pass.
  • the magnetic flux path 42 comprises a rotor 44 and a stator 46.
  • a primary magnetic flux F p is created and caused to pass through the magnetic flux path 42 by means of any convenient source.
  • the primary flux F p is shown as being created by induction through an excitation coil 48 and an excitation power supply 50.
  • An armature coil 52 is coiled around, or otherwise surrounds, a portion of the flux path 42.
  • the armature coil 52 comprises individual coils 52a, 52b, and 52c as representative coils.
  • a compensation coil 60 is shown in Figure 3.
  • the compensation coil 60 is coiled about, or otherwise surrounds, the magnetic flux path 42.
  • the compensation coil 60 comprises individual coils 60a, 60b, 60c.
  • the compensating coil 60 is connected to a power source 62.
  • the power source 62 supplies to the compensating coil 60 the compensating current I c and the compensating current has a reactive component.
  • the power supplied to the compensating coil 30 or 60 by the power source 32 or 62 has a reactive component and may, or may not, have a real component. If there is a real component of the compensating current I c, preferably the reactive component is greater than the real component. Most preferably, the compensating current I c has substantially only a reactive component and substantially no real component.
  • the present invention has particular application in generators having substantially no Lorentz force.
  • the current I a flowing through armature coil 22 or 52 does not cut through the magnetic flux path 12 or 42.
  • the compensating current I c flowing through the compensating coil 30 or 60 does not cut the magnetic flux path 12 or 42.
  • electric power P a is generated in the armature coil 22 or 52.
  • the electric power P a generated in the armature has a reactive component and a real component.
  • the real component of the armature power P a in the armature coil 22 or 52 is greater than the real component of the power P cc delivered to the compenstaing coil 30 or 60.
  • the generator 10 or 40 has a real power input P i required to generate a prescribed amount of output power P a in the armature coil 22 or 52.
  • the real power input requirement P i comprises the input power requirement required to rotate the rotor 14 or 44, either P d or P c, plus the electric power P cc delivered to the compensation coil 30 or 60.
  • the real power input requirement P i of the generator 10 or 40 is less when compensating current I c flows in the compensating coil 30 or 60 than when no compensating current I c flows in the compensating coil 30 or 60.
  • V a is the voltage induced across the armature coil 22 or 52
  • V c is the voltage developed across the compensating coil 30 or 60
  • I a is the current in the armature coil 22 or 52
  • I c is the current in the compensating coil 30 or 60
  • AV is the electrical angle from the voltage V a to the voltage V c
  • AA is the electrical angle from the voltage V a to the current I a in the armature coil 22 or 52
  • AC is the electrical angle from the voltage V c to the current I c in the compensating coil 30 or 60.
  • compensating voltage V c leads the armature voltage V a by an amount of electrical measure ranging from 0° to 90°
  • the relative orientation in electrical measure of the corresponding currents I c and I a can be seen schematically in Figure 5.
  • compensating voltage V c leads compensating current I c, and so the angle AC between these two is negative.
  • armature current I a leads armature voltage V a, and so the angle AA between these two is positive.
  • the angle AC between the compensating voltage V c and the compensating current I c could range from - 315° to 45°.
  • the angle AA between the armature voltage V a and the armature current I a could range from 90° to 270°.
  • compensating coil 30 or 60 is made to operate with reactive current I c, when the compensating voltage V c leads the armature voltage V a from between 0° and 90°, compensating current I c will lag compensating voltage V c from between - 225° to - 135° or from - 45° to 45°.
  • armature current I a will lead armature voltage V a from between 135° to 225°.
  • the angle AC between the compensating voltage V c and the compensating current I c could range from -45° to 315°.
  • the angle AA between the armature voltage V a and the armature current I a could range from 90° to 270°.
  • compensating coil 30 or 60 is made to operate with reactive current I c, when the compensating voltage V c lags the armature voltage V a from between 0° to 90°, compensating current I c will lag compensating voltage V c from between -45° to + 45° or from 135° to 225°.
  • armature current I a will lead armature voltage V a from between 135° to 225°.
  • Another aspect of the invention resides in providing a suitable means for supplying to the compensating coil 30 or 60 a compensating current I c having a reactive component.
  • the invention comprises "twin generators" such that the means for supplying the compensating current I c to a generator such as generator 10 as shown in Figure 1 is a second similar generator 10′ as shown in Figure 4.
  • Generator 10 from Figure 1 is shown as one generator of a set of twin generators 10 and 10′ as shown in Figure 4.
  • Generator 10′ has similar features as described above with respect to generator 10.
  • Primed numerals respecting generator 10′ correspond to features on generator 10′ that are the same as or substantially similar to those shown and described respecting generator 10.
  • excitation coil 18′ in generator 10′ induces a primary flux F p′ in the magnetic flux path 12′ which generates an armature voltage V a′ in the armature coil 22′ which is coiled around, or otherwise surrounds, the magnetic flux path 12′.
  • the output of armature coil 22′ of generator 10′ is connected to the compensating coil 30 on genertor 10.
  • generator 10′ is acting as the power source 32 as shown in Figure 1.
  • the current I a′ generated by generator 10′ is acting as the compensating current I c as shown in Figure 1.
  • the armature current I a′ from generator 10′ is the compensating current I c delivered to the compensating coil 30.
  • the rotor 14 of generator 10 will be at an angle A to the reference line between stator poles 16A and 16B.
  • rotor 14′ of generator 10′ at any given time, will be at an angle B with respect to the reference line between stator pole faces 16A′ and 16B′.
  • the relative angle between rotor 14 and rotor 14′ will be angle c which is angle A minus angle B.
  • the invention comprises a twin generator-­motor set.
  • the motor is the same as generator 10′ shown in Figure 4.
  • the generator 10′ is driven to operate as a synchronous motor which supplies reactive power and current to the compensating coil 30.
  • the generator 70 which is similar to generator 10 or 40, is a three-phase synchronous generator.
  • one phase of generator 70 is the armature coil 72, and another phase 74 acts as a compensation coil.
  • the third phase 76 also acts as part of the compensation coil. Phases 74 and 76 are in series.
  • generator/motor 80 is connected to generator 70 and generator/motor 80 supplies compensation current to phases 74 and 76 of generator 70.
  • phases 84, 86 of generator/motor 80 supply, compensating current to phases 74, 76 of generator 70.
  • Phase 82 of generator/motor 80 is left idle.
  • the invention remains substantially the same as described above except, in addition, there is more than one armature coil, or alternatively more than one compensation coil, or alternatively more than one armature coil and more than one compensation coil.
  • M represents the number of first conductors (or armature coils), and T represents the number of second conductors (or compensation coils), then M is greater than or equal to 1 and T is greater than or equal to 1.
  • M equals 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 and T equals 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Windings For Motors And Generators (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
EP89102144A 1988-02-08 1989-02-08 Ausgleichs-Schaltkreis für elektrische Generatoren Withdrawn EP0332843A3 (de)

Priority Applications (12)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NZ22814689A NZ228146A (en) 1988-03-18 1989-02-27 Ac generator flux compensation
JP5305089A JPH03164051A (ja) 1988-03-18 1989-03-07 交流発電機およびその補正回路
AU31069/89A AU3106989A (en) 1988-03-18 1989-03-07 Compensation circuit for electrical generators
IL89575A IL89575A0 (en) 1988-03-18 1989-03-10 Compensation circuit for electrical generators
KR1019890002948A KR900013693A (ko) 1988-03-18 1989-03-10 교류 발전기
NO89891185A NO891185L (no) 1988-03-18 1989-03-17 Kompensasjonskrets for elektriske generatorer.
CN 89101471 CN1036671A (zh) 1988-02-08 1989-03-17 用于发电机的补偿电路
DK130789A DK130789A (da) 1988-03-18 1989-03-17 Kompensationskredsloeb til en elektrisk generator
PL27831789A PL278317A1 (en) 1988-03-18 1989-03-17 Compensation system of the alternating current electric generator
BR8901236A BR8901236A (pt) 1988-03-18 1989-03-17 Circuito e dispositivo de compensacao e gerador de eletricidade
FI891277A FI891277A7 (fi) 1988-03-18 1989-03-17 Kompenseringskrets foer elektriska generatorer.
HU127189A HUT51803A (en) 1988-03-18 1989-03-17 Compensating circuit for electric generators

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA561915 1988-03-18
CA561915 1988-03-18

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0332843A2 true EP0332843A2 (de) 1989-09-20
EP0332843A3 EP0332843A3 (de) 1990-02-07

Family

ID=4137676

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89102144A Withdrawn EP0332843A3 (de) 1988-02-08 1989-02-08 Ausgleichs-Schaltkreis für elektrische Generatoren

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4885526A (de)
EP (1) EP0332843A3 (de)
KR (1) KR900013693A (de)
DD (1) DD294138A5 (de)
ZA (1) ZA891629B (de)

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KR20230071300A (ko) * 2021-11-16 2023-05-23 조용현 로렌츠힘의 감소를 통한 고효율 발전기

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US5753989A (en) * 1993-06-14 1998-05-19 Ecoair Corp. Hybrid alternator
US5693995A (en) 1993-06-14 1997-12-02 Ecoair Corp. Hybrid alternator
US5502368A (en) * 1994-06-06 1996-03-26 Ecoair Corp. Hybrid alternator with voltage regulator
JP3267790B2 (ja) * 1994-02-15 2002-03-25 関西電力株式会社 高調波吸収同期機
US5747909A (en) * 1996-03-14 1998-05-05 Ecoair Corp. Hybrid alternator
US5777416A (en) * 1996-12-23 1998-07-07 Dana Corporation Switched reluctance motor with low mutual inductance between phases
AU1092799A (en) * 1997-10-16 1999-05-03 Steven L. Sullivan Generators and transformers with toroidally wound stator winding
US6181112B1 (en) 1998-12-10 2001-01-30 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Apparatus and method for limiting generator peak voltage
US7237748B2 (en) * 2003-12-15 2007-07-03 Delos Aerospace, Llc Landing gear method and apparatus for braking and maneuvering
US7081696B2 (en) 2004-08-12 2006-07-25 Exro Technologies Inc. Polyphasic multi-coil generator
MX2008002100A (es) * 2005-08-12 2008-09-08 Power Group International Inc Generador magnetico permanente auto-regulado.
GB0523069D0 (en) * 2005-11-11 2005-12-21 Airbus Uk Ltd Aircraft braking system
CN102647058A (zh) 2006-06-08 2012-08-22 Exro技术公司 电力设备
WO2009136864A1 (en) * 2008-05-06 2009-11-12 Win Myint Hingert Electrical generator and electrical generation system
CA2675333A1 (en) * 2009-08-12 2011-02-12 Leslie I. Szabo Electro-mechanical device with unorthodox magnetic flux paths
CN104350567B (zh) * 2012-09-03 2017-03-08 阿尔卑斯电气株式会社 发电输入装置以及使用了所述发电输入装置的电子设备
WO2018213919A1 (en) 2017-05-23 2018-11-29 Dpm Technologies Inc. Variable coil configuration system control, apparatus and method
US20210249981A1 (en) 2018-09-05 2021-08-12 Dpm Technologies Inc. Systems and methods for intelligent control of rotating electric machines
US11722026B2 (en) 2019-04-23 2023-08-08 Dpm Technologies Inc. Fault tolerant rotating electric machine
US11897362B2 (en) 2021-05-04 2024-02-13 Exro Technologies Inc. Systems and methods for individual control of a plurality of controllable units of battery cells
CN117337545A (zh) 2021-05-13 2024-01-02 Exro技术公司 驱动多相电机的线圈的方法及装置
GB2618204A (en) * 2023-03-09 2023-11-01 Ian Johnston James Lenz effect braking equaliser

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR900013693A (ko) 1990-09-06
US4885526A (en) 1989-12-05
DD294138A5 (de) 1991-09-19
ZA891629B (en) 1989-11-29
EP0332843A3 (de) 1990-02-07

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