EP0352396B1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung von Sprengstoffzusammensetzungen des Emulsionsstyps - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Sprengstoffzusammensetzungen des Emulsionsstyps Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0352396B1
EP0352396B1 EP19880500074 EP88500074A EP0352396B1 EP 0352396 B1 EP0352396 B1 EP 0352396B1 EP 19880500074 EP19880500074 EP 19880500074 EP 88500074 A EP88500074 A EP 88500074A EP 0352396 B1 EP0352396 B1 EP 0352396B1
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Prior art keywords
emulsion
parts
composition
monomer
added
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EP19880500074
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0352396A1 (de
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Agustin Gonzales Ocejo
Jose Ramon Quintana Angulo
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Union Espanola de Explosivos SA
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Union Espanola de Explosivos SA
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Priority to ES88500074T priority Critical patent/ES2037870T3/es
Priority to EP19880500074 priority patent/EP0352396B1/de
Priority to DE19883876798 priority patent/DE3876798T2/de
Priority to PT8976389A priority patent/PT89763B/pt
Publication of EP0352396A1 publication Critical patent/EP0352396A1/de
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
    • C06B47/14—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase comprising a solid component and an aqueous phase
    • C06B47/145—Water in oil emulsion type explosives in which a carbonaceous fuel forms the continuous phase

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for preparing "water in oil” emulsion type explosive compositions and to the compositions obtained therefore.
  • the compositions comprise an organic fuel as continuous phase, and as discontinuous phase an aqueous solution containing oxidizing salts among other components.
  • the oil phase comprises acrylonitrile/butylacrylate or vinyl acetate/ethylene copolymers or a mixture of the two, together with conventional fuels.
  • the continuous fuel phase is formed by a liquid polymer that can be cross-linked to give a thermo-stable resin.
  • the object of the invention is a novel emulsion explosive composition having a greater stability than existing explosive emulsions without the need for substantially varying its rheological conditions or methods of manufacture.
  • the novel emulsion explosive compositions have a hydrated polymer macrostructure which envelops the aqueous oxidizing phase and is located in the boundaries of the interface produced by the emulsifying agent system.
  • the production of this macrostructure is based on a novel method for forming the final explosive composition.
  • the method consists in adding to the aqueous solution one or more low molecular-weight organic compounds (hereinafter called monomers) capable of polymerizing by addition. These monomers polymerize "in situ" once the emulsion system has been formed.
  • monomers low molecular-weight organic compounds
  • the addition of monomers instead of polymers to the aqueous phase has other advantages due to the low molecular weight of the monomer compared with the polymer. Emulsions tend to form with smaller drop size, since the aqueous phase containing the monomer has a much lower viscosity than it would have if the polymer itself were added. The presence of the monomer actually facilitates the formation of smaller drops since it is soluble in water and in a large number of organic compounds and to some extent increases the compatibility of the aqueous and the oil phase, thus assisting in the formation of the emulsion.
  • the emulsion comprises a continuous phase containing one or various hydrocarbon fuels, and a discontinuous phase comprising a supersaturated solution of inorganic oxidizing salts and a polymer macrostructure produced by polymerization of the partial or totally water soluble monomers added to the aqueous solution before forming the emulsion. This is formed by means of emulsifying agents.
  • the inorganic oxidizing salts used according to the invention are e.g. nitrates, chlorates and perchlorates of ammonium and alkali and alkaline earth metals.
  • the salts can be used alone or in mixtures of two or more.
  • the following are representative inorganic salts, ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, ammonium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, magnesium perchlorate and others known in the art.
  • the proportion of the salts in the emulsion is between 30 and 90% by weight of the composition.
  • one or more organic products having at least one double bond, and therefore capable of polymerization by addition are added to the salts solution.
  • These products are partly or totally soluble in water and form part of the group comprising acrylic aldehyde, acrylamide, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, acrylonitrile, allyl amine, allyl alcohol, maleic anhydride, crotonic acid, derivatives and others of similar chemical nature.
  • the proportions of these products vary preferably between 0.1 and 10% by weight of the total composition, more preferably between 0.2 and 4%.
  • radical polymerization can be initiated by any of the existing methods of radical polymerization, initiation is preferably made by chemical initiators which, when subjected to heat or electromagnetic radiation or chemical reaction, undergo homolytic fission into radicals having greater reactivity than the monomeric radicals.
  • chemical initiators which, when subjected to heat or electromagnetic radiation or chemical reaction, undergo homolytic fission into radicals having greater reactivity than the monomeric radicals.
  • the following reaction systems can be used for producing radicals:
  • addition of a monomer to the aqueous phase in order to polymerize it after the emulsion has been formed has a further advantage as compared with initial addition of polymers to the aqueous phase.
  • the replacement of the polymer by a monomer before the emulsion forms increases oil phase-aqueous phase viscosity ration, thus reducing the size of the drops of emulsion for a given shearing force. This increases the stability and sensitivity of the emulsion by increasing the contact surface between the oxidizing agent and fuel.
  • the emulsifying agent can be any of the kinds normally used in this class of emulsions and can be used alone or in combination.
  • the emulsifying agents can include e.g. sorbitan fatty-acid esters such as sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan triolate and sorbitan tristearate.
  • the emulsifier has double bonds in the molecule, it can sometimes form part of the macrostructure occurring during polymerization in some extent. Acceptable emulsification is usually obtained when the emulsifying agent amount is from 0.1 to 6%, preferably 0.2 to 4% and particularly preferably 0.5 to 3% by weight of the total explosive composition.
  • the continuous organic hydrophobix phase of the "water in oil” emulsion normally comprises a hydrocarbon or carbonaceous fuel of mineral, animal or vegetable origin and liquid or solid at ambient temperature (in that case it should be liquid under the conditions for forming the emulsion).
  • the suitable organic compounds include aromatic and aliphatic saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons and derivatives thereof and mixtures of any of them.
  • the preferred compounds include mineral oil, diesel oil, paraffin oil and wax, petroleum distillates, benzene, toluene, xylene, epoxy soya oil, dinitrotoluene and mixtures thereof.
  • the rheological properties of the system can be controlled by adding waxes to the continuous organic phase.
  • the total continuous organic phase corresponds to values between 1 and 20%, preferably between 2 and 10% by weight of the total explosive composition.
  • compositions according to the invention can also include auxiliary or additional fuels.
  • auxiliary or additional fuels include those which can be added to the aqueous phase, e.g. glucose, sucrose, fructose, maltose, molasses, glycols, formamide, urea, hexamethylene tetramide, methylamine nitrate, hexamethylene tetramine nitrate and other organic nitrates.
  • Additional fuels include solid materials in particle form such as carbon, graphite, sulphur, aluminium, magnesium and perchlorates, The proportions of additional fuel can vary, depending on the desired characteristics of the final explosive emulsion, but are usually between 0 and 20%, preferably between 0.5 and 10% by weight of the total explosive composition.
  • the explosive composition also contains a discontinuous gaseous component in order to increase its sensitivity and simultaneously reduce its density to values preferably between 0.7 and 1.4 g/cc.
  • Bubbles of air or gas can be incorporated in the explosive composition by mixing hollow spheres such as glass microspheres, resin microspheres or porous particles such as perlite or by mechanical agitation or injection or bubbling of gas through the composition, or by chemical production of gas "in situ” by adding products such as hydrogen peroxide, sodium nitrite, sodium carbonate, N,N -dinitrous pentamethylene tetramine, nitrous acid or salts thereof which decompose in acid solutions, and organic foaming agents such as dinitrous components and diisocyanates.
  • the gaseous component is normally added to the emulsion when cool and forms part of the emulsion in a proportion which varies between 0.01 and 60% by volume of the final explosive composition.
  • a mixture of ammonium nitrate (59.70 parts), sodium nitrate (18.35 parts) and water (13.80 parts) was heated to 70 o C with vigorous stirring until an aqueous solution formed.
  • the aqueous solution was added at the same temperature, with agitation, to a solution of sorbitan monooleate (1.40 parts) in paraffin oil (5.25 parts). Agitation was continued until a uniform emulsion was obtained.
  • glass microspheres (1.50 parts) were added and mixed to obtain a homogeneous mixture.
  • the density of the final mixture at 25 o C was 1.25 g/cc and its viscosity was 653 p.
  • Composition 2 was an explosive emulsion prepared according to the method described in US PS 4 602 970:
  • composition 1 The procedure for composition 1 was repeated except that the oil phase comprised 1.40 parts of sorbitan monooleate, 5.24 parts of paraffin oil and 0.01 parts of ⁇ , ⁇ -azobisisobutyronitrile.
  • the emulsion was kept at 80 o C for one hour.
  • the final density of the emulsion at 25 o C was 1.24 g/cc and its viscosity was 674 p.
  • the emulsion was stored at 10 o C and periodically tested as described. The explosive failed after 7 weeks.
  • a mixture of ammonium nitrate (59.70 parts), sodium nitrate (18.34 parts) and water (13.30 parts) was heated to 70 o C with vigorous agitation until an aqueous solution formed.
  • 1.50 parts of acrylamide and 0.01 parts of ammonium persulphate were added. Polymerization occurred with total conversion, ending at the moment when the viscosity of the aqueous solution remained constant. The final viscosity at 70 o C was 4 p.
  • the hot aqueous solution was added, with agitation, to a solution of sorbitan monooleate (1.40 parts) in paraffin oil (4.25 parts). Agitation was continued until a uniform emulsion was obtained.
  • Composition 4 is a composition having Composition 4:
  • a mixture of ammonium nitrate (59.70 parts), sodium nitrate (18.35 parts), acrylamide (1.50 parts) and water (13.30 parts) was heated to 80 o C with vigorous agitation until an aqueous solution formed.
  • the aqueous solution was added at the said temperature with agitation to an oily solution comprising 1.40 parts of sorbitan monooleate, 4.24 parts of paraffin oil and 0.01 parts of ⁇ , ⁇ -azobisisobutyronitrile.
  • the emulsion was kept at 80 o C for an hour, 1.5 parts of glass miscrospheres were then added.
  • the final density of the emulsion at 25 o C was 1.25 g/cc and its viscosity was 735 p.
  • the detonation velocity according the previously-described test was 5500 m/s.
  • the emulsion was stored at 10 o C and periodically the detonation velocity was tested as described.
  • Composition 5 is a composition of Composition 5:
  • a mixture of ammonium nitrate (59.70 parts), sodium nitrate (18.35 parts) and water (13.30 parts) was heated to 70 o C with vigorous agitation until an aqueous solution formed.
  • 1.50 parts of acrylamide and 0.01 parts of ammonium persulphate were added and immediately this final aqueous solution was added at the said temperature, with agitation, to an oily solution comprising 1.40 parts of sorbitan monooleate and 4.25 parts of paraffin oil, so that polymerization occurred after the emulsion had formed.
  • the emulsion was kept at 70 o C for an hour.
  • the viscosity of the aqueous solution formed by ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, acrylamide and water at 70 o C was less than 1 p.
  • the viscosity of the final emulsion at 25 o C was 714 p and its density was 1.24 g/cc.
  • the detonation velocity according to the previously-described test was 5100 m/s.
  • the emulsion was stored at 10 o C and its detonation velocity was periodically measured. The emulsion explosive could still be detonated after 26 weeks.
  • composition 6 is a composition of Composition 6:
  • the method of operation was the same as for composition 5 except that acrylamide was replaced by N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide.
  • the density of the final emulsion at 25 o C was 1.25 g/cc and its viscosity was 709 p.
  • the detonation velocity according to the previously-described test was 5000 m/s.
  • the emulsion was stored at 10 o C and its detonation velocity was periodically measured by the same test. The emulsion explosive could still be detonated after 28 weeks.
  • composition 5 The method was the same as for composition 5 except that acrylamide was replaced by acrylic acid and the initiator was 0.01 parts of ammonium persulphate and 0.01 parts of sodium metabisulphite.
  • the density of the final emulsion at 25 o C was 1.25 g/cc and its viscosity was 741 p.
  • the detonation velocity in the previously-described test was 5400 m/s.
  • the emulsion was stored at 10 o C and its velocity was periodically measured by the same test. The emulsion explosive could still be detonated after 28 weeks.
  • Composition 10 is a composition of Composition 10:
  • composition 9 The method was the same as for composition 9 except that 13.53 parts of water were used instead of 13.30 parts and the 1.5 parts of acrylic acid were replaced by 1.27 parts of maleic anhydride.
  • the density of the final emulsion at 25 o C was 1.25 g/cc and its viscosity was 713 p.
  • the detonation velocity in the previously-described test was 5300 mn/s.
  • the emulsion was stored at 10 o C and its velocity was periodically measured by the same test. The emulsion explosive could still be detonated after 28 weeks.
  • compositions according to the invention are considerably more stable than conventional compositions without apparent effect on other properties.
  • Composition 11 was a conventional explosive emulsion and was prepared by the following procedure.
  • a mixture of ammonium nitrate (59.10 parts), sodium nitrate (18.20 parts) and water (13.60 parts) was heated to 70 o C with vigorous agitation until an aqueous solution formed.
  • the aqueous solution was added it said temperature, with rapid agitation, to a mixture of sorbitan monooleate (2.70 parts), paraffin oil (0.70 parts), paraffin wax (1.50 parts) and microcrystalline wax (1.90 parts) heated to 65 o C. Agitation was continued until a uniform emulsion was obtained.
  • glass microspheres (2.30 parts) were added and mixed to obtain a homogeneous mixture.
  • the density of the final mixture at 25 o C was 1.16 g/cc.
  • compositions 12 to 16 were prepared according to the invention as follows:
  • Composition 12 is a composition of Composition 12:
  • the density of the final mixture at 25 o C was 1.6 g/cc.
  • the final mixture was cartridged in paper (32 mm in diameter).
  • the detonation velocity of the emulsion initiated with a number 8 detonator was 5000 mn/s.
  • the emulsion was stored at 10 o C and periodically tested in the same manner. The emulsion could still be detonated after 56 weeks.
  • a mixture of ammonium nitrate (59.10 parts), sodium nitrate (18.18 parts) and water (13.10 parts) was heated to 70 o C with vigorous agitation until an aqueous solution formed. 1.50 parts of acrylic acid, 0.01 parts of ammonium sulphate and 0.01 parts of sodium metabisulphite were then added. The final solution was immediately added, with agitation, to a mixture of sorbitan monooleate (2.70 parts), paraffin oil (0.70 parts), paraffin wax (1.17 parts) and microcrystalline wax (1.67 parts) heated to 65 o C. Agitation was continued until a uniform emulsion was obtained. Glass microspheres (2.30 parts) were then added and mixed to obtain a homogeneous mixture.
  • the density of the final mixture at 25 o C was 1.17 g/cc.
  • the final mixture was cartridged in paper (32 mm in diameter).
  • the detonation velocity of the emulsion initiated with a number 8 detonator was 4900 m/s.
  • the emulsion was stored at 10 o C and periodically tested as before. After 63 weeks the emulsion could still be detonated.
  • composition 14 is a composition of Composition 14:
  • composition 13 The method was the same as for composition 13 except that acrylic acid was replaced by N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide and the initiator was ammonium persulphate only.
  • the density of the final emulsion at 25 o C was 1.16 g/cc.
  • the emulsion was wrapped in paper 32 mm diameter.
  • the detonation velocity of the emulsion initiated with a number 8 detonator was 5300 m/s.
  • the emulsion was stored at 10 o C and periodically tested as before. The emulsion could still be detonated after 70 weeks.
  • Composition 15 is a composition of Composition 15:
  • glass microspheres (2.30 parts) and dimethyl aniline (0.005 parts) were added and mixed to obtain a homogeneous mixture.
  • the density of the final emulsion at 25 o C was 1.17 g/cc.
  • the emulsion was cartridged in paper (32 mm diameter).
  • the detonation velocity of the emulsion initiated with a number 8 detonator was 5100 m/s.
  • the emulsion was stored at 10 o C and periodically tested as before. The emulsion could still be detonated after 75 weeks.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
  • Macromonomer-Based Addition Polymer (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Claims (31)

  1. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer neuen Sprengstoff-Zusammen-setzung vom Emulsionstyp umfassend eine kontinuerliche Brenn-stoffphase und eine, diskontinuierliche darin dispergiertewasserige Phase, wobei die wässerige Phase oxidierende Salze und eine makromolekulare Struktur enthält, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es die folgenden Stufen umfaßt:
    (a) Herstellung einer wässeringen Lösung, die hauptsächlich oxidierende anorganische Salze und mindestens ein polymerisierbares organisches Monomer enthält;
    (b) Herstellung einer mit der wässerigen Lösung nicht mischbaren Ölmischung, die hauptsächlich Kohlenwasserstoff Brennstoffe und ein oder mehrere Emulgiermittel enthält;
    (c) Herstellung einer Emulsion vom "Wasser-in-Öl-Typ" aus den in den vorhergehenden Stufen hergestellten Mischungen, und
    (d) Polymerisieren des oder der in der dispergierten wässerigen Phase enthaltenen Monomers oder Monomeren nach Bildung der Emulsion.
  2. Verfahern nach Anspruch, 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das oder die in der wässerigen Phase enthaltene(n) Monomer oder die Monomeren mindestens eine Doppelbindung im Molekül enthalten.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß das Monomer oder die Monomeren vorzugsweise ausgewählt sind aus der Gruppe umfassend Acrylsäure, Methacrylsäure, Itaconsäure, Fumarsäure, Crotonsäure, Maleinsäureanhydrid, Acrylamid, Acrylaldehyd, Allylamin, Allylalkohol, Acrylnitril und dere Derivate.
  4. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Monomere oder die Monomeren in Anteilen enthalten sind, die zwischen 0.01 und 20 Gew.% der Endzusammensetzung variieren.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Monomere, oder im Fall von mehr als einem Monomeren, mindestens eines davon mehr als eine Doppelbindung besitzen.
  6. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Monomere, oder im Fall von mehr als einem Monomeren mindestens eines davon eine reaktive fuktionelle Gruppe besitzt.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet daß mindestens ein Monomeres Hydroxyl-, Amin-, Säure- oder Methoxy-methyl-reaktive funktionelle Gruppen umfaßt.
  8. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 6 und 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zusammensetzung eine organische Verbindung zugefügt wird, die dazu fähig ist, mit den funktionellen Gruppen des vorhandenen Monomeren oder der Monomeren unter Vernetzung zu reagieren.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die organische verbindung, die zugefügt wird, zur Gruppe gehört, die folgende Hare umfaßt: Melamin, Formaldehyd, Benzoquanamine, Diepoxydianhydride, phenolische Harze, Tetraalkyltitanate, Diisocyanate, Dimethoxymethylharnstoff, Trimethylolmelaminmethylolat, butyliertes Trimethylolmelamin, butyliertes Methylolbenzoquanamin, Bismethoxymethylharnstoffe, Bismethoxymethylenharnstoff und ähnliche Aminoharze, Polyole und Polymere, die mit n-Methylol-Acrylamiden erhalten werden.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Polymerisation durch einen chemischen Initiator initiiert wird.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der initiator zu der wässeringen Lösung zugegeben wird, kurz bevor sich die Emulsion bildet, damit vorher keine nennenswerte Polymerisation der Monomeren stattfindet.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Initiator zur Ölphase zugegeben wird.
  13. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 10 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Polymerisation durch Initiatoren vom Redox-Typ initiiert wird.
  14. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 10 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die chemische Initiierung durch thermische Zersetzung einer Azo-, Peroxid-. Peracetat- oder Hydroperoxid-Verbindung verursacht wird.
  15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die thermische Zersetzung des Initiators katalysiert wird, damit die Zersetzung bei Temperaturen unterhalb von 80º C stattfindet.
  16. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Polymerisation durch elektromagnetische Strahlung initiiert wird.
  17. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet daß zusätzlich zu den Monomeren zur wässeringen Lösung ein Ubertragungsmittel zugegeben werden kann.
  18. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die anorganischen oxidierenden Salze ausgewählt sind unter Nitraten, Chloraten oder Perchloraten von Ammonium und Alkali -oder Erd- alkalimetallen.
  19. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Anteil der verwendeten anorganischen oxidierenden Salze zwinschen 20 und 90 Gew.-% der Endzusammensetzung liegt.
  20. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die wasserunlöslichen Kohlenwasserstoff-Brennstoffe aliphatisch, alicyklisch und/oder aromatisch sein können und gesättigt und/oder ungesättigt sein können.
  21. Verfahren nach Anspruch 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kohlenwasserstoff-Brennstoff ausgewählt ist aus der folgenden Gruppe: Heizöl, Dieselöl, destillierte Öle, Kerosin, Naphtha, Paraffinöle und -Wachse, mikrokristalline Wachse, Benzol, Toluol, Xylole, Asphaltmaterialien, polymere Öle und Wachse, tierische Öle und Wachse, Elastomere und pflanzliche Öle und Wachse, wie z.B. epoxydiertes Sojabohnenöl, und Mischungen davon.
  22. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1, 20 und 21, dadurch gekennzeinchnet, daß die Kohlenwasserstoff-Brennstoffe in Mengen zwischen 2 und 30 Gew % der Endzusammensetzung enthalten sind.
  23. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die in der Ölphase enthaltenen Emulgiermittel ausgewählt sind aus der Gruppe gebildet aus Sorbitanestern, Pentaerythritestern, Fettsäureglyceriden, alkoxylierten Alkoholen, alkoxylierten Phenolen, alkoxylierten Fettsäureaminen, Polyoxyalkylensorbitanstern, Glykol-und Polyoxyalkylenestern, Säureamiden, Fettamiden, quarternären Aminen, Alkyloxazolinen, Alkenyloxazolinen, Imidazolinen, Alkylsulfonaten, Alkylarylsulfonaten, Alkysulfosuccinaten, Alkylphosphat, Alkylenphosphaten, phosphatierten, Estern, Lecithin, Lanolinderivaten, und Copolymeren von Polyoxyalkylenglycol und 12-Hydroxystearinpolysäure.
  24. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Emulgiermittel in Anteilen zwischen 0.2 und 7% der Endzusammensetzung enthalten sind.
  25. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zusammensetzung durch Einbau einer diskontinuierlichen gasförmigen Phase sensibilisiert wird, um eine Enddichte zwischen 0.7 und 1.4 g/cm³ zu erhalten.
  26. Verfahren nach Anspruch 25, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die diskontinuierliche Phase durch direkte Injektion von Luft, Occlusion, Zusatz von Gasentwicklern und Zusatz von Hohlkügelchen, wie z.B. Gasmikrokugelchen, Polymerenmikrokügelchen, Perlit, vulkanischen Mikrokugelchen und Flugaschen eingebaut werden kann.
  27. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Hilfsbrennstoffe, wie z.B. Aluminium-Silicium-Legierungen, Ferrosilicium, Kohlehydrate, Amine, Amide, Schwefel und Kohlenstoff, in die Zusammensetzung eingebaut werden können.
  28. Verfahren nach Anspruch 27, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hilfsbrennstoffe in Anteilen unterhalb von 25 Gew.-% der Endzusammensetzung eingebaut werden.
  29. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sensibilität der Zusammensetzung durch Zugabe von Hilfs-Sensibilisierungsmitteln, wie z.B. nitrierten Aminen, Nitrotoluolen, PETN, PDX, HMX, Nitrocellulose oder Mischungen davon erhöht werder kann.
  30. Verfahren nach Anspruch 29, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hilfs-Sensibilisierungsmittel in Anteilen unterhalb von 30 Gew.-% der Endzusammensetzung zugegeben werden.
  31. Neue Sprengstoff-Zusammensetzung in Emulsionsform, erhalten gemäß dem Verfahren nach einem der vohergehenden Ansprüche
EP19880500074 1988-07-27 1988-07-27 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Sprengstoffzusammensetzungen des Emulsionsstyps Expired EP0352396B1 (de)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES88500074T ES2037870T3 (es) 1988-07-27 1988-07-27 Procedimiento de preparacion de nuevas composiciones explosivas en emulsion.
EP19880500074 EP0352396B1 (de) 1988-07-27 1988-07-27 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Sprengstoffzusammensetzungen des Emulsionsstyps
DE19883876798 DE3876798T2 (de) 1988-07-27 1988-07-27 Verfahren zur herstellung von sprengstoffzusammensetzungen des emulsionsstyps.
PT8976389A PT89763B (pt) 1988-07-27 1989-02-20 Processo para a preparacao de novas composicoes explosivas em emulsao

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19880500074 EP0352396B1 (de) 1988-07-27 1988-07-27 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Sprengstoffzusammensetzungen des Emulsionsstyps

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EP0352396A1 EP0352396A1 (de) 1990-01-31
EP0352396B1 true EP0352396B1 (de) 1992-12-16

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EP19880500074 Expired EP0352396B1 (de) 1988-07-27 1988-07-27 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Sprengstoffzusammensetzungen des Emulsionsstyps

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DE (1) DE3876798T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2037870T3 (de)
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AUPO679297A0 (en) * 1997-05-15 1997-06-05 Ici Australia Operations Proprietary Limited Rheology modification and modifiers
CN120208738B (zh) * 2025-04-15 2025-10-14 宏大民爆集团有限公司 一种含单一敏化剂的乳化炸药及其制备方法

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US4464508A (en) * 1982-09-30 1984-08-07 The Dow Chemical Company Water-in-oil emulsions of water-soluble cationic polymers having improved stability
SE452003B (sv) * 1983-06-10 1987-11-09 Fluidcrystal I Malmo Ab Sett for stabilisering av emulsionssprengemnen
US4525225A (en) * 1984-03-05 1985-06-25 Atlas Powder Company Solid water-in-oil emulsion explosives compositions and processes
US4524175A (en) * 1984-04-16 1985-06-18 The Dow Chemical Company Water-in-oil emulsions of hydrophobe association polymers
US4739008A (en) * 1986-11-18 1988-04-19 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Bi-phase initiator system for water-in-oil emulsion polymers

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Publication number Publication date
EP0352396A1 (de) 1990-01-31
PT89763B (pt) 1995-01-31
DE3876798T2 (de) 1993-07-01
ES2037870T3 (es) 1993-07-01
DE3876798D1 (de) 1993-01-28
PT89763A (pt) 1990-02-08

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